上海建设全球城市对全球城市理论的发展与贡献

上海建设全球城市是全球城市理论在城市演变中的必然体现,同时上海加快建设全球城市的实践也将深化发展全球城市理论.上海建设全球城市增强了发展中国家全球城市建设样本,将促进全球城市相关研究.上海建设全球城市拓展了全球城市理论研究的动态视角,将有效回答“一个城市是怎样成为全球城市”的问题.上海建设全球城市将进一步充实全球城市体系理论研究.上海建设全球城市在突出城市经济、文化、创新等功能的同时,更加关注城市发展共享、协调等理念,不断强调宜居、生态、包容、治理等城市功能,这将使全球城市功能内涵得到进一步拓展.     

全球城市比较研究——以纽约和上海为例

全球城市是城市发展的最高阶段,是以全球化为背景,以经济为导向,以产业分离为条件,以城市为节点的生产场所.纽约是国际大都市,世界金融中心,纽约是最具代表性的全球城市.上海是我国的首位城市,是区域性金融中心,是全球城市网络中的一个重要节点.纽约全球城市和上海全球城市有其共性,也有其个性.在全球化的作用下,共同作用于全球经济发展.     

进一步深化改革开放,加快全球城市的构建——上海改革开放的基本经验、面临环境与总体思路

上海30年来的改革开放是一段经济、社会等领域全方位发展的辉煌历程。本文总结归纳了上海改革开放30年的发展历程、成绩以及主要经验,并围绕"构建全球城市"这一战略要求,分析了上海进一步深化改革开放所面临的内外部形势。同时,本文以构建全球城市为主线,提出了上海在新形势下深化改革开放的总体思路、目标与突破口,以及相关的对策措施和政策建议。     

加快上海全球海洋中心城市建设的思考

当前,上海、深圳等多个城市提出建设全球海洋中心城市.该文在各类学者研究的基础上,研究了全球海洋中心城市的概念内涵和内在功能,分析了上海建设全球海洋中心城市的现状基础和存在的短板不足,并提出了上海建设全球海洋中心城市的思路和路径举措.     

上海社会组织参与城市公共治理研究

推动社会组织参与治理是完善城市公共治理、提升治理绩效的重要一环.上海应提升对社会组织作用的认识水平,推动社会组织进一步填补城市公共治理漏洞:促进社会组织优化产品和服务,提升精细化水平,改善城市公共治理绩效;积极构建整合社会组织参与城市公共治理的格局体系,促进社会组织广泛参与;完善体制机制、丰富和拓宽参与渠道,提升参与便捷性和有效性;搭建协作平台,促进多主体协作联动,提升治理效率.     

基于"全球安全城市指数"的上海韧性城市建设思考

上海韧性城市建设存在的不足是:重设施建设,轻政策投入;重传统灾害,轻新型风险;重短期应急,轻长效预防;重政府主导,轻社会参与.建设韧性城市是一个"积跬步,至千里"的长期过程,上海需要在精准施策、强化治理、源头防控等方面持续发力.     

供给侧改革视角下的上海经济结构优化与全球城市建设

在上海新一轮城市总体规划中,上海的城市定位已经发生变化:在2020年基本建成四个中心和社会主义现代化国际大都市的基础上,2040年要努力建设成为具有全球资源配置能力、较强国际竞争力和影响力的全球城市。上海供给侧结构性改革应围绕瞄准建设全球城市的目标,结合上海优势和国家战略功能导向,实现以新供给引领新需求,促进上海经济结构的不断优化,形成与全球城市相匹配的经济结构和软硬实力。     

上海提升全球城市品牌形象与增强城市吸引力研究

上海在建设全球城市过程中,需向世人呈现一个多元化和立体化的国际形象.为此,应建立强力而高效的城市形象推广机构,协同开展城市营销;加强城市国际交流能力建设;遴选城市文化的典型代表,深度挖掘核心吸引力,激发城市创意活力;推进多元文化建设,提升社区精神品级与融合能力;吸引国际机构落户上海,聚合高端要素;拓展公共服务能力,提高城市亲和力和感受度;加大生态环境保护建设力度,创造绿色健康宜居城市.     

上海发展低碳城市的内涵、目标及对策

根据IPCC及联合国相关研究,对低碳城市内涵、构成及模型进行理论总结,以此为工具量化分析上海发展低碳城市的现状,寻找问题及矛盾,通过情景分析方法研究未来发展的可能目标,最后确定实现目标所应采取的对策措施。     

Global Civil Society: The Dialectics of Concept and Reality

This paper maps out the potential of a Gramscian conceptualisation of global civil society for understanding global resistance to neoliberal globalisation and contemporary global governance. First, the principal features of contention between contemporary representations of global civil society in studies of global resistance are examined. A predominant focus on perpetuating the division between normative and empirical conceptualisations is reoriented towards a Gramscian conceptualisation which, it is argued, affirms the emancipative potential of global civil society in global resistance. Initiating a dialogue between concept and reality (Cox, 1999 Cox, R. W. 1999. Civil society at the turn of the millennium: Prospects for an alternative world order. Review of International Studies, 25(1): 3–28. (doi:10.1017/S0260210599000042)[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar])—also referred to as the ‘dialectical nexus’ (Gramsci, 1971 Gramsci, A. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci translated by Q. Hoare & G. Nowell Smith (New York: International Publishers; London: Lawrence and Wishart) [Google Scholar])—offers alternative possibilities for the substantive analysis of global civil society in relation to global resistance. This moves Gramscian civil society towards a conceptual grounding which deals with the formation, negotiation and re-negotiation of transversal hegemony and recovers, and emphasises, the role of human agency within the global political economy.

Este artículo expone el potencial de una conceptualización gramsciana de la sociedad civil global, para entender la resistencia global a la globalización neoliberal y la gobernanza global contemporánea. Primero, se han examinado las principales características de controversia entre las representaciones contemporáneas de la sociedad civil global, en los estudios de la resistencia global. Un enfoque predominante en perpetuar la división entre las conceptualizaciones normativas y empíricas, está reorientado hacia una conceptualización gramsciana, de la cual se sostiene, que afirma el potencial tendiente a ser libre de la sociedad civil global, en la resistencia global. Con el inicio de un diálogo entre concepto y realidad (Cox 1999)—también referido como el ‘nexo dialéctico’ (Gramsci, 1971)—ofrece posibilidades alternativas para el análisis sustantivo de la sociedad civil global en relación a la resistencia global. Esto hace avanzar a la sociedad civil gramsciana hacia un fundamento conceptual que se ocupa de la formación, negociación y la renegociación de la hegemonía transversal y recupera y enfatiza el rol de la agencia humana dentro de la economía política global.

为了理解对新自由主义全球化和当代全球治理的全球抵制,本文勾勒全球公民社会的葛兰西主义概念化的潜在意义。第一,在关于全球抵制的研究中,本文探讨了公民社会的当代代表性之间争论的主要特征。主流的聚焦规范和实证的概念化之间分野的固化被重新定位,以趋于葛兰西主义的概念化,此种概念化被认为是肯定了在全球抵制中全球公民社会解放的潜在意义。倡议概念与现实之间的对话（考克斯,1999）——也指向诸如“辩证的相互联系”（Gramsci, 1971）——为与全球抵制有关的、对全球公民社会的实质分析提供了替代的可能性。这使得葛兰西主义的公民社会趋于一种概念性的基础,而这种基础论及横切的霸权的构成、谈判和再谈判,以及复原、强化全球政治经济中的人类行动的作用。

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Эта статья картографирует потенциал концептуализации Грамши мирового гражданского общества для того, чтобы понять глобальное сопротивление неолиберальной глобализации и современное глобальное управление. В первую очередь, рассматриваются главные особенности раздора между современными представлениями глобального гражданского общества в исследованиях глобального сопротивления. Особое внимание, уделяемое сохранению разделения между нормативной и эмпирической концептуализациями будет переориентировано на концептуализацию Грамши, которая, как утверждается, подтверждает освободительный потенциал глобального гражданского общества в глобальном сопротивлении. Инициирование диалога между концепцией и реальностью (Cox, 1999) также называют «диалектической связью» (Грамши, 1971) - предлагаются альтернативные возможности для независимого анализа глобального гражданского общества в связи с глобальными сопротивлением. Это перемещает гражданское общество Грамши к концептуальным основам, которые касаются формирования, переговоров и повторных обсуждений трансверсальной гегемонии и восстановления, и подчеркивает роль человеческой деятельности в рамках глобальной политической экономики.     

Conceptualizing Cultural Politics in Subcultural and Social Movement Studies

In this article it is argued that combining theories of social movements and subcultures provides a way of 'conceptualizing cultural politics'. The focus is on debates that have taken place over the conceptualization of subcultures and social movements as well as the status and viability of cultural politics. Contemporary subcultural theorists are critical of the rigid concepts used by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) but, it is argued, they provide few feasible alternatives. They also have little to say about the supposed contemporary significance of cultural politics. New social movement (NSM) theorists, on the other hand, have generated conceptual frameworks that recognize the complexity of collective phenomena and have developed an approach which enables us to engage with the controversy over cultural politics. However, they concentrate too narrowly on struggles waged at the level of lifestyle, culture and civil society. The article shows how, like the CCCS, critics of NSM theory rightly question the potency of symbolic challenges and stress the persistent role of material issues and the continued part that conventional political actors, such as the state, play in contemporary social conflicts. Finally, the case of New Age Travellers is used to illuminate these debates in subcultural and social movement studies and to show how elements of each approach can be employed fruitfully in empirical research.     

Disability Culture and Cultural Competency in Social Work

Despite recognition of the importance of cultural and social diversity in social work education and practice there is a dearth of social work literature related to disability culture. A review of disability studies literature indicates that the disabled people's movement already affirms and celebrates the existence of disability culture as characterized by several agreed upon assumptions: disability culture is cross-cultural; it emerged out of a disability arts movement and its positive portrayal of disabled people; it is not just a shared experience of oppression but includes art, humour, history, evolving language and beliefs, values and strategies for surviving and thriving. Essentialist concepts of culture, as represented in assimilationist and pluralist social work approaches, provide social workers with the false belief that there are cultural competencies that one can develop that are sufficient to become more culturally sensitive. However, analysis of the critical theory underpinning disability culture demonstrates that an understanding of cultural politics is fundamental to social work education if it is to support the work of the disabled people's movement in demystifying and deconstructing the norms, discourses and practices of dominant culture which are represented as neutral and universal.     

Brexit,Global Cities,and the Future of World Order

The emergence and role of global cities provide a rubric by which we can understand Brexit and illuminate the present tensions between those who favor open economic policies and those who favor closed economic policies. Economic inequality, political disenfranchisement, and social exclusion at the regional level are now driving a fresh interrogation of the relatively open world order that requires global cities—sites densely populated with institutions necessary for orchestrating global economic activity. While questions about the legitimacy of economic openness may undermine the economic output, political power, and cultural influence of global cities, those same cities may, if they harness economic output for broader regional benefits, demonstrate the potential of an alternative and newly legitimate open world order.     

上海非物质文化遗产的保护与旅游开发

非物质文化遗产被誉为＂人类精神的家园＂,应该加以珍视。在保护的基础上,非物质文化遗产可以进行适当旅游开发。本文以大都市上海为背景,廓清了非物质文化遗产的特色、优势、作用、影响,以使非物质文化遗产重新走入大众视野,焕发出盎然生机,实现非物质文化遗产保护与旅游开发的＂双赢＂。     

New Maps,New Questions: Global Cities Beyond the Advanced Producer and Financial Services Sector

This article broadens the discussion of cities as strategic sites in which global activities are organized. It deploys methodology commonly used to study the distribution and disproportionate concentration of advanced producer and financial services firms in order to study the office distribution of global nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and global energy corporations. It then compares the distribution of those offices to that of advanced producer and financial services firms, using data from the global and World Cities Research Network, further discovering what cities are strategic sites in all three networks, in any combination of two networks, and in only one network. Attending to the convergence and divergence of such networks opens a door to the study of network logic—the underlying dynamics of network functioning—instead of limiting the study to network structure or composition while also permitting a multi-sectoral measurement of globality.

Este artículo amplía la discusión de ciudades como lugares estratégicos en las que se organizan actividades globales. Despliega una metodología comúnmente usada para estudiar la distribución y la concentración desproporcionada de productores avanzados y firmas de servicios financieros, con el objeto de estudiar la distribución de oficinas de las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs) y las corporaciones de energía globales. Luego compara la distribución de aquellas oficinas para los productores avanzados y para las firmas de servicios financieros, usando los datos de la Red de Investigación de las Ciudades Mundiales y Globales, para luego descubrir qué ciudades son lugares estratégicos en todas las tres redes, en cualquier combinación de dos redes y en solo una red. Prestando atención a la convergencia y divergencia de tales redes, se abre una puerta al estudio de la lógica de las redes—la dinámica subyacente de la función de las redes—en vez de limitar el estudio de la estructura de la red o la composición, permitiendo también una medida multisectorial de globalidad.

本文扩展了对城市的讨论,它们是组织全球行动的战略要地。本文运用了通常研究高级生产者和金融服务公司的分布及其不成比例集中问题的方法学,以期对全球非政府组织和全球能源公司的办公分布进行研究。然后,它运用来自“全球与世界城市研究网络”的数据,通过进一步讨论何种城市属于全部三种网络的、任何两种网络结合的、以及仅一种网络中的战略要地,对其机构分布和高级生产者及金融服务公司的分布进行对比。对这些网络的聚集和离散的注意为网络逻辑——网络运作的潜在动力——的研究提供了机会,而不是在允许对全球性进行多领域量度的同时又局限于研究网络的结构或组成。

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Strategy and Structure in Managing Global Associations

A key aspect of civil society worldwide is the emergence of thousands of nongovernmental organizations that operate on a global scale. The special challenges of organizing and managing these organizations include massive communications problems and the need to accommodate a wide diversity of interests. In this paper, we ask what kinds of organizational structures and management strategies are utilized by globally oriented nongovernmental organizations involved in the development of civil society, and we consider the advantages and disadvantages of alternative structures. From 15 case studies, we find that three principal types of structures are utilized: corporate partnerships, federations, and membership associations. We also find that management challenges are addressed in various creative ways within these structures, and that the federation form appears to be generally effective and avoids some of the risks associated with other forms.     

Culture,Development, and Social Theory: On Cultural Studies and the Place of Culture in Development

Debates in development theory have recently swung back to taking seriously the relationship of culture to development, especially in the face of manifest failures of conventional approaches to economic growth and social transformation. This has happened at a moment when, especially within anthropology, the concept of culture itself is undergoing critical examination, and when cultural studies has emerged as a major challenge to anthropology's self-defined specialisation in the social-scientific analysis of culture. Few attempts have been made, however, to relate cultural studies and development studies, despite the fact that the relatively recent ‘cultural turn’ in the social sciences has derived largely from the currently fashionable status of cultural studies and its multidisciplinary nature. This paper explores this relationship and suggests that a cultural studies approach, despite its weaknesses, potentially revitalises the significance of culture in relationship to development.     

Cultural Competency and Achieving Styles in Clinical Social Work

Abstract

This paper attempts to build a cultural competency framework by reviewing the literature and laying a conceptual foundation for professional standards in clinical social work. It also explores the implications of cultural competency by relating some important factors to clinical decisions, alliance, and outcome in the mental health field. The pathways and directions of the relationships as well as the potential factors affecting cross-cultural clinical alliance are illuminated in a general model to guide hypothesis formulation in further research. Empirical data are presented on clinical social work practice with Asian American clients in light of a key factor in shaping cultural competency, i.e., clinicians' personal achieving styles. The findings suggest that such styles are culturally bound.