关于西部民族地区科技跨越式发展的法律思考

依靠科技力量实现西部民族地区跨越式发展 ,就需要实施科技创新工程 ,以增强西部民族地区造血功能 ,运用高新技术改造和转化传统产业 ,加快西部民族地区信息化进程。在措施上 ,尤其要加强对西部民族地区科技创新的投入 ,为西部民族地区营造良好的法治环境 ,依法开发西部人力资源 ,着力加强西部民族地区的科技普及工作。     

跨越八十年代、面向九十年代的对口支援与经济技术协作

作为我国改革开放的重要标志,东部发达地区与西部民族地区之间开展的对口支援和经济技术协作,取得了很大成就。在促进东、西部经济共同发展繁荣、迅速改变民族地区落后面貌、加快民族地区社会主义现代化进程中,发挥了巨大作用。现在,已进入本世纪最后十     

西部地区城镇化与农业现代化协调发展研究

对西部地区城镇化与农业现代化协调发展进行实证分析发现,整体上西部地区城镇化与农业现代化协调发展度较低,但呈上升趋势;西部地区城镇化滞后,农业现代化超前;西部地区省会和中心城市大多数处于协调发展阶段并且城镇化超前.建议健全西部地区农业人口向市民化推进策略,以城镇化带动农业现代化,加强省会及中心城市的辐射带动功能,促进西部地区农业供给侧结构性改革;加快推进新型城镇化进程,提升农业现代化发展水平,兼顾工业化和信息化,最终促进城镇化与农业现代化协同发展.     

全球城市化趋势对我国西部城市化进程的启示

城市化既是实现现代化的必经之路 ,也是衡量现代化水平的重要指标。我国西部地区城市化滞后 ,成为制约社会经济发展的重要瓶颈。如何提高城市化水平是个十分重要的课题。本文在分析全球城市化进程和趋势的基础上 ,结合西部地区城市化现状 ,提出西部地区必须要加快城市化进程 ,城市化进程必须与工业化进程和城市结构的优化相结合 ,并体现城市化、现代化的时代特征。     

西部民族地区发展中的政府意志与社会变迁悖论

本文认为在西部民族地区的发展进程中,中央政府的国家意志是决定因素之一,也是认识西部民族地区经济发展过程的基本逻辑起点。同时中央政府的国家意志与西部民族地区社会制度的变迁存在必然的矛盾关系是我们理解西部民族地区经济发展过程的主要线索。西部民族地区现代化实际上是一个传统社会逐渐解体、农牧民阶级逐渐消逝的过程。那么,作为传统社会主体的西部民族地区农牧民,在完成这种消灭自身的痛苦的转变过程中表现出特有的生存理性,这是许多从事现代化研究的学者们一度忽略或者不愿涉及的问题。     

西部民族地区现代人格培养的紧迫性及现实意义

本文对西部民族地区实现社会现代化的艰巨性,以及现代人格培养的紧迫性进行了阐述,认为西部民族地区,只有立足于自身传统并能够实现自身的现代转型,才能实现真正的现代化。     

采取综合措施 加速民族地区经济发展

中央民族工作会议,是推进民族团结进步事业达到一个新阶段的重要会议.会议就发展民族地区经济提出的一系列重大决策,无疑对改变民族地区落后面貌,加快社会主义现代化进程,具有重要意义.我们谨就发展民族地区经济问题提出若干建议.深化改革,加快中西部民族地区对外开放步伐     

推进西部民族地区工业化的方向与重点

工业化是西部经济发展的基本内容和西部大开发必须完成的一项艰巨的历史任务。必须抓住机遇,加快西部民族地区的工业化进程。这就要从西部民族地区的实际出发,充分考虑国内外市场需求的变化,选择好西部民族地区工业化推进的方向和重点,走新型工业化道路。     

观点摘要

●《广西民族学院》2004年第2期发表了蒋彬博士《西部民族地区城镇化与全面小康社会建设》一文,文中探讨了我国西部民族地区的城镇化问题。文章首先分析了我国西部民族地区城镇化与小康社会建设的关系及意义:城镇化与小康社会建设都是西部民族地区实现现代化的一个过程;城镇化可以获得集聚经济效应,扩大内需,推动经济快速发展;城镇化是解决“三农”问题的重要途径;城镇化是实现可持续发展的重要手段。推进城镇化战略是全面建设小康社会的重要途径,也是全面建设小康社会的一项重要目标和任务。加速我国西部民族地区的城镇化步伐,加快西部民族…     

西部民族地区城镇化进程中农民增收研究述评

实施西部大开发战略以来,西部民族地区农民收入得到了较大改善并获得了明显增长,但与非民族地区、与东中部地区相比,仍有很大差距。从1999年开始,理论界将研究的目光投向了西部民族地区农民增收问题,并由此展开了多角度、全方位的研究,特别是在城镇化进程加快背景下对西部民族地区农民增收问题的理论研究,取得了很好的成果。     

民族社会现代化的内容、特征与必然性分析

社会现代化是当前民族社会变迁的方向。工业化、民主化、城市化、理性化、科学化、专业化等构成了民族社会现代化的基本内容 ,而其主要特征则表现为迟发性、外生性、模仿性、不平衡性、紧迫性、艰巨性等几个方面。现代化是工业文明形成与发展的过程 ,是整体的结构性变迁 ,所有国家与民族都将在现代化中重塑自我 ,走向未来     

西部民族地区生态补偿的新思维——碳汇交易的视角

西部民族地区按照国家主体功能区划属于禁止开发区,不但失去了依靠工业发展的机会,还要为下游地区的可持续发展提供生态屏障,为此而得到的补偿仅来自于政府的财政转移支付,而且补助标准偏低,市场化补偿长期缺位,历史欠账太多,生态产品输出人群后续发展及环境保护乏力。碳汇交易的缘起与快速发展,无疑加快了生态补偿的市场化进程,为西部民族地区生态保护,富边强民提供了新思路。     

西部民族地区经济增长与就业能力同步提升研究

在劳动力需求函数的基础上,利用省级面板数据对西部民族地区经济增长与就业关系进行了实证分析。实证分析主要从两个维度展开,一是根据是否考虑就业规模的滞后效应分为动态分析和静态分析;二是根据选区时间段的不同,进行纵向比较。结果显示:虽然产出的就业弹性统计显著,但弹性值在0.1左右,西部民族地区存在失业型增长的可能性;真实工资对就业并无显著负效应;固定资产投资、政府预算支出、进出口、社会消费品零售总额对就业影响不显著;FDI对就业作用在经历了最初的负效应之后,开始呈现正效应的趋势,但弹性值还较小。因此,西部民族地区失业型增长已经发生,但仅依赖宏观经济均衡不足以解决就业压力的挑战。实际上,在保持可持续增长政策的同时,还应将战略转向就业密集型和推动型。这可以通过大量投资的持续增加和再定位来实现。这些投资无论是FDI,还是固定资产投资,应该指向就业推动型和劳动密集型的活动。     

论社会冲突理论视角的旅游社会冲突正负双重功能——基于对西部民族地区旅游业发展的考察

以西方社会冲突理论为基础，结合对西部民族地区案例点考察的田野调查成果，从理论和实践两个层面上全面认识旅游社会冲突的功能：一方面，旅游社会冲突会产生旅游地社会资源损失、旅游地社会秩序破坏、民族心理受伤害、旅游目的地形象损毁、地方政府公信力流失等负面作用；另一方面，旅游社会冲突也具有重建社会关系、提高社会整合度、缓解社会矛盾等正向功能。因此，旅游社会冲突具有正负双重功能的辩证观可以为我国民族地区旅游社会冲突调控的具体实践提供一定理论依据。     

西部民族地区教育均衡发展的新战略

本文通过分析探讨西部大开发的战略思想、教育均衡发展的相关理念及西部民族地区教育非均衡发展现状 ,指出西部民族地区的教育发展与全国平均水平和东部水平相比 ,都存在着较为明显的非均衡发展问题 ;必须通过进一步强化政府的教育主体责任、建立“西部民族地区教育优先发展区”、促进民族教育与区域经济协调发展等政策 ,实现西部民族教育的均衡发展战略     

西南地区民族关系在全面建设小康社会中的趋向及其调适

本文认为,全面建设小康社会将是西南地区民族关系发展最为敏感的历史时期。民族关系的复杂变动趋向将表现于西南民族地区的经济发展与资源配置在市场经济条件下形成的矛盾;城乡二元对立有可能进一步加剧;民族之间发展的不平衡性;小民族的发展问题;小康建设中少数民族的主体地位的进一步确立等诸方面的问题。因而民族关系的调适应当重点放在如何建立消除产生新的不平衡的机制上。     

羌族地区文化产业现状、问题与对策

就文化十大产业来看,羌族地区仅有演艺业、文化娱乐业、文化旅游业等传统产业,而新兴的动漫产业、游戏业、文化会展业、网络文化、艺术创意和设计、文化产品与数字相关服务等新兴产业基本上还未起步。即使已有的产业,也发育不全。羌族地区文化产业发展的基本特点是起步低、规模小、效益差、同质性高。虽然存在自然生态环境较差、社会发育程度低、对发展文化产业的认识不足、缺少文化产业人才等制约因素;也有基础设施相对完善、县乡（镇）村三级公共文化基础设施网络体系基本覆盖、区位优势明显、良好的机遇、文化资源丰富文化资源丰富等有利条件。发展羌族地区文化产业应该创新管理机制,健全文化产业市场;融合文化科技,发展创意农业产业;壮大市场主体,培育龙头企业;突出特色,塑造品牌。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

“多元一体格局”理论视阈下和谐民族关系实现途径探讨

本文从＂中华民族多元一体格局＂理论视阈,论述了和谐民族关系的必要性与实现途径,要旨在于说明：古往今来,我国就是统一的多民族国家,构建和谐民族关系,始终是祖国统一、民族团结和国家安全的重要保障,也是增强中华民族凝聚力和当前实现民族复兴大业的关键所在;费孝通先生所提倡的＂中华民族多元一体格局＂理论,不仅是对中华各民族关系之历史与现状的精辟的理论概括和真实写照,而且对于我们正确认识中国国情,做好民族工作,构建社会主义和谐民族关系,亦有着非常重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

民族地区全面建设小康社会的战略构想及政策建议

中国未来 2 0年现代化建设的基本任务是全面建设惠及十几亿人民的小康社会 ,其实质就是“共同富裕”。这就客观决定了中国全面建设小康社会的重点和难点是民族地区 ,而民族地区全面建设小康社会的关键又在于如何进一步缩小与东部地区的发展差距。基于这一判断 ,本文提出民族地区全面建设小康社会的战略构想及若干政策建议。