美日人力资源管理比较及对我国中小民营企业的启示

新经济时代,人力资源是企业最重要的资源,人力资源管理在企业中发挥着日益重要的作用。当前,我国中小民营企业人力资源管理水平低下,仍处于尚未成熟的阶段,有必要学习和借鉴发达国家的经验。从横向角度来看,一般认为,人力资源管理主要有东方和西方两种模式,西方以美国为代表,东方则以日本为代表。本文就美日企业人力资源管理模式进行比较,分析存在的差异及其利弊,以期对我国中小民营企业有所启示。     

现代企业人力资源管理的问题与对策

随着经济与社会的深入发展,现代化的企业竞争愈发激烈,企业的人力资源将是持久竞争优势的重要来源,有效地管理人力资源,将是企业绩效的最终决定因素。现代企业要想获得持续稳定化发展,就要树立战略性人力资源管理理念。然而,我国大部分的企业在人力资源管理上还存在着管理方法陈旧等诸多的问题,严重影响和制约其发展壮大。本文利用人力资源管理理论知识,了解当前企业人力资源管理的现状,顺应现代人力资源管理的发展趋势,采取制定人力资源发展规划并规范管理模式,对现代企业人力资源管理现存问题进行了简要分析,并提出改进措施与建议。     

大数据时代企业人力资源管理变革策略

大数据时代,企业人才的定义及对人才的要求发生了深刻变化,这在一定程度上加快了企业人力资源管理模式的完善和改革进程。实际上,很多企业已经认识到改革、创新人力资源管理模式的重要意义;但由于不了解大数据,人力资源管理变革的效果明显不足。企业要加大对人才市场的调研力度,根据企业经营管理目标优化招聘标准,调整招聘方向,最大限度地提升企业员工的经济收入,促进企业发展。     

美国人力资源管理模式及其利弊

美国，这个世界上最发达的资本主义国家，作为现代企业管理发源地之一，其成功的人力资源管理模式为世人所推崇并纷纷被效仿。人力资源管理在美国经历了由功能性到战略性的转变，美国企业改变了原先漠视人力资源作用的态度，特别是在劳资关系、员工的培养和参与决策上发生了前所未有的变化，并将人力资源的开发与管理上升到企业的战略地位来看待。笔者将就美国的人力资源管理模式进行分析，以期给国内人力资源管理部门提供借鉴。     

从后台走向前台--人力资源管理新模式

传统的人事管理把主要精力放在员工的考勤、档案、合同管理等事务性的工作上,被定位为后勤服务部门。到了20世纪90年代,随着企业基础管理模式的深刻变革,人作为一种资源,而且是重要的战略资源的思想、“科技以人为本”的思想得到管理者的广泛认同。在这一管理思想的指导下,以人才测评、绩效评估和薪资激励制度为核心的人力资源管理模式得以确立。 与传统的人事管理相比,新的人力资源管理模式无疑有了重大的飞跃。而21世纪,对人力资源管理提出了更高的要求,它必须是动态的,而且是前瞻性的,是指导实践工作的。只有对人力资源管理进行新的定位,从后台走到前台,才能真正使人力资源管理成为整个企业管理的轴心。     

2011年中国企业人力资源管理八大趋势

趋势1 企业人力资源管理必须走中国式自主创新之路 中国不管是国企、民企还是合资企业，人力资源管理都源于西方零零碎碎的人力资源管理理论，遍地开花，但都干篇一律，不能系统性地解决人力资源管理滞后、人才战略思路滞后和人才能力不足的问题。随着市场竞争和环境的变化，中国式人力资源管理大势所趋。既符合中国国情、中国人的特性、中国企业家的思维，又能推进中国企业管理水平提升的针对性人力资源管理模式，是2011年企业人力资源管理的最大趋势之一。     

2011年中国企业人力资源管理八大趋势

趋势1 企业人力资源管理必须走中国式自主创新之路 中国不管是国企、民企还是合资企业，人力资源管理都源于西方零零碎碎的人力资源管理理论，遍地开花，但都干篇一律，不能系统性地解决人力资源管理滞后、人才战略思路滞后和人才能力不足的问题。随着市场竞争和环境的变化，中国式人力资源管理大势所趋。既符合中国国情、中国人的特性、中国企业家的思维，又能推进中国企业管理水平提升的针对性人力资源管理模式，是2011年企业人力资源管理的最大趋势之一。     

在互联网时代背景下人力资源管理的新思维研究

随着产业革命的发展,全球经济开始迈入新时代:互联网时代。互联网时代出现了经济新业态,对企业人提出了更高的要求。人力资源是企业发展的主要动力,影响着企业的发展。因而,企业人力资源管理工作应引入新思路,加快转型,在内部机制上把握新时代的机遇,推动企业良性发展。本文分析了人力资源管理中存在的问题,提出了互联网时代背景下人力资源管理的对策,以期对企业转变人力资源管理模式提供参考。     

中小型民营企业人力资源管理现状调查

民营企业作为非公有制经济主体,在我国经济发展中具有重要的作用。由于这些企业在创业时往往注重的是技术和市场,忽视了科学规范的管理,在企业成长到一定规模之后,管理中的矛盾,特别是人力资源管理中的矛盾就会显现。随着人类社会进入以知识为主宰的新经济时代,企业间的竞争更多体现在作为“知识载体”的人力资源的竞争上,这实质上就要看与“人的管理”有关的企业人力资源管理职能和能力。因此,如何适应要求,建立起发展进程中的有中国特色的人力资源管理模式,是我国中小型民营企业面临的紧迫课题。笔者选择了江苏、浙江、广东、安徽、四川的…     

创新,改变海尔人力资源管理

1998年以前,海尔集团的人力资源管理同其他一些大型国企差不多,没有设立独立的人力资源开发公司,以职能中心的管理模式存在,企业的人事管理职能主要是制度的执行,即按照国家劳动人事政策和上级主管部门发布的劳动人事管理规定、制度对职工进行管理,人事部门在企业中的地位并不突出.当时,海尔的人力资源信息管理还处在非常传统的状态.     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.