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1.
John W. Welte Grace M. Barnes Marie-Cecile O. Tidwell Joseph H. Hoffman 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(1):49-61
Two national U.S. telephone surveys of gambling were conducted, an adult survey (age 18 and over, N = 2,631) in 1999–2000 and a youth (age 14–21, N = 2,274) survey in 2005–2007. The data from these surveys were combined to examine the prevalence of any gambling, frequent
gambling and problem gambling across the lifespan. These types of gambling involvement increased in frequency during the teens,
reached a high level in the respondents’ 20s and 30s, and then fell off in as the respondents aged. The notion that gambling
involvement generally, and especially problem gambling, is most prevalent during the teens was not supported. A comparison
of the age patterns of gambling involvement and alcohol involvement showed that alcohol involvement peaks at a younger age
than gambling involvement; and thus, the theory that deviant behaviors peak at an early age applies more to alcohol than to
gambling. 相似文献
2.
Momper SL Nandi V Ompad DC Delva J Galea S 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):49-65
Objectives To examine the prevalence of gambling and types of gambling activities in a sample of undocumented Mexican immigrants. Design Non-probability cross-sectional design. Setting New York City. Sample The 431 respondents ranged in age from 18 to 80 (mean age 32), 69.7% were male. Results More than half (53.8%) reported gambling in their lifetime and of those most (43.9%) played scratch and win tickets or the
lottery. In multivariate analyses men reported gambling more than women [2.13, 95% CI = (1.03, 4.38)]. The odds of gambling
in their lifetime were higher among those reporting sending money to family or friends in the home country [2.65, 95% CI = 1.10,
6.38)], and those who reported 1–5 days as compared to no days of poor mental health in the past 30 days [2.44, 95% CI = 1.22,
4.89)]. Conversely, those who reported entering the U.S. to live after 1996 were less likely to report gambling [0.44, 95%
CI = (0.22, 0.89)] as compared to those who had lived in the U.S. longer. Conclusion There is a need to further explore both the prevalence and the severity of gambling amongst the growing population of undocumented
Mexican immigrants in the U.S. 相似文献
3.
Welte JW Barnes GM Wieczorek WF Tidwell MC Parker J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2002,18(4):313-337
Demographic patterns of gambling participation in the U.S. were examined. A national telephone survey was conducted with 2,630 representative U.S. residents aged 18 or older. The sample as weighted for analysis was 48% male, 12% black, and 11% Hispanic. Respondents were questioned on 15 types of gambling: how often they played and how much they won or lost. Eighty-two percent gambled in the past year. Lottery was the most commonly played game, while casino gambling accounted for the largest extent of gambling involvement. Men and women were equally likely to gamble in the past year, but men gambled more frequently and had larger wins and losses, particularly on sports betting and games of skill. Blacks were less likely to have gambled in the past year, but blacks who gambled did so more heavily than other racial groups. Blacks and Hispanics were more likely than average to be pathological gamblers. The rate of past year gambling declined with age, but extent of gambling involvement among gamblers did not vary with age. Rates of participation in most forms of gambling increased with socioeconomic status, but higher socioeconomic status gamblers had lower rates of pathological gambling, and lower extent of gambling involvement, particularly for lottery. New Englanders gambled more heavily than other Americans. Comparison with past studies showed an increase in overall gambling participation in the U.S., and large increases in rates of participation in lottery and casino gambling. 相似文献
4.
Mythily Subramaniam Benjamin Tang Edimansyah Abdin Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar Louisa Picco Siow Ann Chong 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2016,32(1):291-305
The aim of the current study was to examine the socio-demographic correlates, the association of mental and physical illness, and the prevalence of pathological gambling among three groups (1) those with lottery gambling only (2) those with lottery and other types of gambling and (3) those with other types of gambling only—such as playing cards, sports betting, horse racing, casino gambling etc. Data was used from a nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological nationally representative survey of the resident (Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents) population in Singapore of 6616 Singaporean adults aged 18 years and older. All respondents were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen to screen for pathological gambling. The diagnoses of mental disorders were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and relevant socio-demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Lottery gambling was by far the most popular form of gambling in Singapore, with 83.5 % of those who had ever gambled indicating that they had participated in lottery gambling. Those who participated in lottery gambling alone were more likely to belong to the older age group (as compared to the 18–35 years age group), be of Indian ethnicity, have a secondary or vocational education, and earn a lower income as compared to the other two groups. Our findings that those with pure lottery gambling were significantly less likely to be pathological gamblers and had significantly lower odds of psychiatric and physical morbidity as compared to the other two groups are unique and need further research. 相似文献
5.
Joanne Lloyd Helen Doll Keith Hawton William H. Dutton John R. Geddes Guy M. Goodwin Robert D. Rogers 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(3):387-399
In order to learn about the behaviours and health experiences of people who gamble on the Internet, we conducted an international
online survey with respondents recruited via gambling and gambling-related websites. The mean (SD) age of the 4,125 respondents
completing the survey was 35.5 (11.8) years, with 79.1% being male and 68.8% UK residents. Respondents provided demographic
details and completed validated psychometric screening instruments for problem gambling, mood disturbances, as well as alcohol
and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm. We applied latent class analysis to respondents’ patterns of regular
online gambling activities, and identified subgroups of individuals who used the Internet to gamble in different ways (L
2 = 44.27, bootstrap P = 0.07). We termed the characteristic profiles as ‘non-to-minimal gamblers’; ‘sports bettors’; ‘casino & sports gamblers’;
‘lottery players’; and ‘multi-activity gamblers’. Furthermore, these subgroups of respondents differed on other demographic
and psychological dimensions, with significant inter-cluster differences in proportion of individuals scoring above threshold
for problem gambling, mood disorders and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm (all Χ
2s > 23.4, all P-values <0.001). The ‘casino & sports’ and ‘multi-activity-gamblers’ clusters had the highest prevalence of mental disorder.
Internet gamblers appear to be heterogeneous but composed of several subgroups, differing markedly on both demographic and
clinical characteristics. 相似文献
6.
Li H Mao LL Zhang JJ Wu Y Li A Chen J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(1):47-68
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the dimensions of problem gambling behaviors associated with purchasing
sports lottery in China. This was accomplished through the development and validation of the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling
(SAPG). The SAPG was initially developed through a comprehensive qualitative research process. Research participants (N = 4,982) were Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets, who responded to a survey packet, representing
a response rate of 91.4%. Data were split into two halves, one for conducting an EFA and the other for a CFA. A five-factor
model with 19 items (Social Consequence, Financial Consequence, Harmful Behavior, Compulsive Disorder, and Depression Sign)
showed good measurement properties to assess problem gambling of sports lottery consumers in China, including good fit to
the data (RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.922), convergent and discriminate validity, and reliability. Regression
analyses revealed that except for Depression Sign, the SAPG factors were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of purchase behaviors of sports lottery. This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions
of problem gambling associated with Chinese sports lottery. The developed scale may be adopted by researchers and practitioners
to examine problem gambling behaviors and develop effective prevention and intervention procedures based on tangible evidence. 相似文献
7.
Jessie L. Breyer Andria M. Botzet Ken C. Winters Randy D. Stinchfield Gerald August George Realmuto 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):227-238
Young adulthood is a period renowned for engagement in impulsive and risky behaviors, including gambling. There are some indications
that young adults exhibit higher gambling rates in comparison to older adults. Problem gambling has also been linked to ADHD.
This longitudinal study examines the relationship between gambling and ADHD among an epidemiological sample of young adults
(n = 235; males = 179, females = 56) aged 18-24. Results indicate that individuals who report childhood ADHD symptoms which
persist into young adulthood experience greater gambling problem severity than participants with no ADHD or those with non-persistent
ADHD. 相似文献
8.
Sophie Inglin Gerhard Gmel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):299-316
The present study aims to analyze attitudes and beliefs of the French-speaking general Swiss population (n = 2500; female n = 1280; mean age = 43 years) as regards gambling, which are to date almost exclusively studied in the North American and
Australian contexts. Beliefs related to gambling include the perception of the effectiveness of preventive measures toward
gambling, the comparative risk assessment of different addictive behaviors, the perceived risks of different types of gambling
and attitudes are related to the gambler’s personality. The general population perceived gambling rather negatively and was
conscious of the potential risks of gambling; indeed, 59.0% of the sample identified gambling as an addictive practice. Slot
machines were estimated to bear the highest risk. Compared with women and older people, men and young people indicated more
positive beliefs about gambling; they perceived gambling as less addictive, supported structural preventive measures less
often, and perceived gambling as a less serious problem for society. Gamblers were more likely to put their practices into
perspective, perceiving gambling more positively than non-gamblers. General population surveys on such beliefs can deliver
insights into preventive actions that should be targeted to young men who showed more favorable views of gambling, which have
been shown to be associated with increased risk for problematic gambling. 相似文献
9.
Felsher JR Derevensky JL Gupta R 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2004,20(2):127-153
Factors associated with lottery ticket purchases, accessibility of lottery products, and lottery playing behaviour amongst 1,072 youth (ages 10-18 years old, mean age 14 years-old) was examined. Playing the lottery was found to be the most popular gambling activity with youth reporting playing all forms of lottery tickets including draws, scratch tickets, and sports lottery tickets. Youth reported beginning to play the lottery at age 12, with scratch ticket participation being amongst the most highly reported type of lottery activity with the youngest age of onset. The vast majority of youth are aware of the legal age to purchase tickets although many believed that there should be no age requirement to purchase any form of lottery ticket. Youth, regardless of their age, reported few if any difficulties in purchasing lottery tickets. Moreover, a third of underage youth reported going to the store specifically to purchase lottery tickets with this behaviour increasing with the age of the participant. This research confirms previous findings that lottery tickets are highly accessible to underage youth despite legal prohibitions. The results provide valuable information that can be subsequently used in the development of responsible social policy and youth gambling prevention programs 相似文献
10.
Anna C. Thomas Felicity C. Allen James Phillips 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):343-355
Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are known to be a particularly risky form of gambling (Petry. Addiction 98(5):645–655,
2003). It is vital that researchers and clinicians are aware of factors which could lead to people having problems with this
form. Gambling motivation is one such factor. This study developed a measure of EGM gambling motivations based on the results
of qualitative research conducted with EGM problem gamblers and experienced counsellors (Thomas et al. Int J Mental Health
Addiction 7:97–107, 2009). A community based sample of 232 females (M = 29.60 years of age, SD = 15.41 years) and 123 males
(M = 29.64 years of age, SD = 12.29 years) participated. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three motivational factors
indicating people gambled on EGMs to escape, for its accessibility and for the social environment. Gambling to escape and
for its accessibility had substantial positive correlations with frequency of EGM gambling and gambling problems. Social environment
correlated less well with these indicators of excessive gambling. Correlations between factors suggested the accessible, social
experience offered by EGM venues increases their appeal as a means of escape. The new subscales were internally consistent
and demonstrated good evidence of validity. This new measure will facilitate future investigations into the relationships
between gambling motivations, other aetiological factors and EGM problem gambling. 相似文献
11.
Katharine M. Papoff Joan E. Norris 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):185-199
Instant ticket purchase gambling (ITPG) is pervasive in Ontario and has features that mimic slot machine play. Previous researchers
have reported that ITPG is one preferred activity for at-risk/problem gamblers. In the general Canadian population, rate of
participation in ITPG is second only to lottery ticket gambling. Both are particularly favored by youth and seniors. The next
cohort of seniors will be Canada’s baby boomers, one-third of whom live in Ontario. Secondary analysis of Statistics Canada
data revealed that adults in this cohort who buy instant gambling tickets (N = 1781) are significantly different from the complete group of their age peers (N = 4266) in number of activities pursued and frequency of involvement. At-risk/problem gambling prevalence was 10.2% amongst
Ontario baby boomers who participate in instant ticket gambling, significantly higher than the 6.7% found amongst the total
group of baby boom gamblers. For those who reported experiencing one or more of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index indicators
for problem gambling (N = 237), 73% were buying instant tickets. Future research should consider cohort effects and explore combinations of preferred
gambling activities that may increase risk for problem gambling. Social policy recommendations include the use of all ITPG
venues as key locations for promoting awareness of problem gambling treatment services.
This work was funded by Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. 相似文献
12.
Cunningham JA Cordingley J Hodgins DC Toneatto T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):625-631
Respondents were asked their beliefs about gambling abuse as part of a general population telephone survey. The random digit
dialing survey consisted of 8,467 interviews of adults, 18 years and older, from Ontario, Canada (45% male; mean age = 46.2).
The predominant conception of gambling abuse was that of an addiction, similar to drug addiction. More than half of respondents
reported that treatment was necessary and almost three-quarters of respondents felt that problem gamblers would have to give
up gambling completely in order to overcome their gambling problem. Problem gamblers (past or current) were less likely than
non- or social gamblers to believe that treatment was needed, and current problem gamblers were least likely to believe that
abstinence was required, as compared to all other respondents. Strong agreement with conceptions of gambling abuse as disease
or addiction were positively associated with belief that treatment is needed, while strong agreement with conceptions of disease
or wrongdoing were positively associated with belief that abstinence is required. 相似文献
13.
This article reports on the frequency of problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet instrument, in different age groups among Finnish past-year gamblers in 2011 (n = 2984) and 2014 (n = 2326). The data highlights the situation before, and three years after, the implementation of a raised minimum age limit for gambling from 15 to 18 years. The difference in problem gambling frequency when comparing all age groups was statistically significant in 2011, but not in 2014. A significantly lower frequency of problem gambling was found among 18–19-year-olds in 2014 (3.4%), compared to 2011 (16.3%). The results regarding problem gambling prevalence among 15–17-year-olds (8.0% in 2011, 0.0% in 2014) are somewhat inconclusive as the number of respondents fulfilling the criteria for problem gambling was zero in 2014, thus affecting the analysis. No statistically significant difference in problem gambling frequency was found among 20–21-year-olds (a group less affected by the policy implementation) – or other older age groups – between the survey years. While the findings should be viewed with caution, they do support recommendations regarding a minimum gambling age of 18 years or higher as an effective harm-minimization measure. 相似文献
14.
Welte JW Barnes GM Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):119-133
A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14–21. The prevalence of
problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past
year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling
involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but
if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past
year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming
adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement.
The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with
the same questionnaire. 相似文献
15.
Jordy F. Gosselt Astrid K. Neefs Joris J. van Hoof Kim Wagteveld 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(4):675-687
Gambling is an activity that can be performed on-premise (slot machines in casinos, bars and restaurants) or off-premise (scratch cards and lottery tickets). Although the addictive potential may depend on the specific gambling product, early onset increases the likelihood for future pathological gambling. To delay the onset of gambling behavior and to reduce gambling-related problems, many countries have introduced age limits that should decrease the availability of gambling products to underage individuals. In this study we evaluated compliance to the legal age limit, making use of a mystery shopping method. We distinguished between (1) off-premise scratch cards (n = 51); (2) off-premise lottery tickets (n = 49); (3) on-premise slot machines in casinos (n = 88); and (4) on-premise slot machines in the catering industry (n = 100), and we focus on the factors, such as characteristics of the establishment, buyer, and vendor, that may account for possible differences. The 288 visits demonstrate that gambling products are highly available and accessible to under-aged customers; young customers are still able to gamble despite the legal regulations. The compliance rates fluctuate and appear to be related to the specific gambling product in question. Furthermore, age verification activities and certain outlet- and buyer characteristics, as well as characteristics associated with the purchase attempt, may influence compliance. 相似文献
16.
Robert Ladouceur Frank Vitaro Marie-Annick Côté 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2001,17(2):101-116
This study compares the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of parents of 5- to 17-year-old children regarding youth gambling. This information was obtained through two telephone surveys conducted in 1995, and 5 years later in 2000, in the Québec City area. Survey 1, in 1995, was conducted on 279 respondents, while survey 2, in 2000, was carried out with 213 respondents. Results showed a number of changes in parents' attitudes, behavior, and knowledge concerning youth gambling: For example, parents' perception of the age of onset of gambling behavior had improved slightly at the end of the 5-year period. Furthermore, parents were more satisfied with government limitation of access to gambling, and more accurately informed about legal aspects of the sale of lottery tickets. However, the percentage of parents who failed to associate youth gambling with some of its correlates (arcade attendance, parental gambling problems, and friendship with gamblers) increased from 1995 to year 2000. The improvements that were observed suggested that parents had benefited from media-transmitted information during this period. However, the deterioration of some parental attitudes, and the stability of other variables, suggest that it is still important to educate parents about youth gambling, and to design interventions adapted to parents' needs. 相似文献
17.
Nekehia T. Quashie 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2019,57(5):71-88
This study explores the correlates of financial and material remittances to older adults in Havana and Bridgetown. These cities, both within countries at a very advanced stage of population ageing, have different institutional contexts for older adults. Data come from the 2000 Survey on Health, Well‐Being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) of adults 60 years and older with children overseas, Havana (n = 461) and Bridgetown (n = 1,003), representing 342 and 531 families, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicate that remittances to Havana were significantly associated with parents' and children's socio‐economic resources. Remittances to Bridgetown were associated with parents' sociodemographic characteristics and sibling's coresidence with parents. In both cities, remittances were positively associated with parents' support of their children. The findings suggest remittances are both a household survival strategy, which can reinforce socioeconomic inequality, and symbolic of social norms of family relations. 相似文献
18.
Tsitsika A Critselis E Janikian M Kormas G Kafetzis DA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):389-400
The study objectives were to evaluate the correlates and psychosocial implications of internet gambling among adolescents,
as well as the association between internet gambling and problematic internet use. A cross-sectional study design was applied
among a random sample (N = 484) of adolescents (71.2% boys; 28.8% girls; mean age ± standard deviation, SD = 14.88 ± 0.55 years). Self-completed questionnaires,
including internet gambling practices, internet use characteristics, Young Internet Addiction Test, and Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire were utilized. The prevalence of internet gambling was 15.1%. Internet gambling was associated with psychosocial
maladjustment, including Abnormal Conduct Problems (gender adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.83; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI:
1.86–7.92) and Borderline Peer Problems (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.09–3.85). The likelihood of concomitant problematic internet
use was significantly higher among internet gamblers (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03–3.19). Multivariate regression analyses indicated
that among all characteristics of internet use assessed, utilizing the internet for the purposes of gambling practices was
independently associated with problematic internet use among adolescents (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.40–8.39). Thus, the study
findings suggest that adolescents who participate in internet gambling practices are more likely to concomitantly present
with problematic internet use. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the types of gambling activities youths with gambling problems participate in and whether the lottery is a key gambling venue for these young people. Secondly, we sought to ascertain whether youths with gambling problems display similar gambling behaviour with lottery tickets as those addicted to traditional forms of gambling. Participants were 1,072 young people, 10-18 years of age, in Ontario, Canada. Youths with gambling problems reported having a preference for lottery tickets compared to other forms of gambling. Differences were found for the frequency with which probable pathological gamblers reported going to the store specifically to purchase lottery tickets. Furthermore, probable pathological gamblers reported chasing their losses after having played the lottery more than the other gambling groups. This research demonstrates that youths with gambling problems gamble primarily with lottery products and exhibit similar pathological gambling behaviour (e.g., chasing) as those individuals addicted to other forms of gambling venues. Furthermore, the results suggest that lottery tickets are a potentially addictive activity that introduces youth to the exciting properties of gambling. 相似文献
20.
This study examines the influence of family, peer, and biological contributors to dating involvement among early adolescents (11–14 years of age; n = 244). Further, we assess how parental monitoring may be modified by pubertal maturation and older sibling risky behavior. Data on delinquent peer affiliation, pubertal maturation, parental monitoring, older sibling risky behavior, and dating involvement were gathered through observations and surveys from adolescents, mothers, older siblings, and teachers. Results indicate that lower levels of parental monitoring and higher levels of older sibling risky behavior were related to adolescents' dating involvement through delinquent peer affiliation. Pubertal maturation was directly related to dating involvement for early daters. Findings emphasize the value of examining social and biological factors, in concert, over time. 相似文献