都市人类学的发展动向:对美国和加拿大博士论文的分析

都市人类学①在20世纪70年代成为美国人类学中的一个专业研究领域,在80年代得到了快速发展,到了90年代它的影响已经非常广泛,以至于一些学者评论它是“正在逐渐地演变为一门重新整合的社会文化人类学”(Sanjek,1990∶154)。的确,现在我们很难区分“都市”和“非都市”的研究项目,因为通过美国有线新闻(CNN)电视台的报道,世界大事得以迅速被知晓,就业移民为了寻求更好的经济机会而不断迁移,政治难民为了逃避政府资助的恐怖主义威胁而流亡国外,后现代的旅客们转向追求返朴归真和真实的生态“体验”,这些跨越全球的活动使得地球连成了一个不…     

比较社会学:社会学与人类学的互动

本文在对迪尔凯姆和韦伯的比较社会论进行研究的基础上 ,认为比较社会学的研究 ,并没有随着迪尔凯姆和韦伯的研究在社会学领域中被引向深入 ,其发展很大程度上受到了人类学对简单社会与文明社会比较研究的刺激 ;现代的比较社会学 ,正是在社会学与人类学的互动下而得以发展起来的 ;其研究的维度为社会、文化、民族与国家 ,研究的中心为社会结构的比较研究     

人类学来到中国

中国人类学的学术转型：20世纪50年代 中华人民共和国成立以后到50年代末这10年可以说是中国人类学的学术转型时期。其一,组织机构的调整。随着新兴政权的建立,原中央研究院的社会科学研究所和历史语言研究所的使命宣告终结（其中有小部分的机构和人员迁台,继续从事相关研究）。大学里的人类学、社会学等相关院系也面临着“撤、停、并、转”的命运。这个工作的最终完成拖到了50年代末期,期间贯穿着民族院校和与文化人类学类似的“民族学”专业的建立等“事件”。尔后形成的组织格局就是：华东、华南的人类学民族学机构被取消,华北以中央民族学院研究部的形式保留了研究队伍,     

人类学视野下的民间法研究述评

20世纪90年代以来,民间法研究俨然成为一股热潮,来自法学、历史学、社会学、人类学、民族学等领域的学者都对民间法给予了相当的关注.本文拟结合人类学的方法论特征及其对民间法研究的历史发展,对近年来国内学者从人类学的角度对民同法所做的研究做一回顾和总结,以期把握其未来发展的方向.     

中国社会学中的人类学传统

从社会学在中国的近百年学科发展史来看，其中始终蕴涵着一种人类学的传统。本世纪70年代末以来20年的社会学“重建”．这种早年的传统也在新的氛围中得以延续并发扬光大。本文拟扼要考察这种学术传统并尝试对其成因略作分析，以求正于各位同行。一、19世纪欧洲的社会学与人类学社会学和人类学作为两门独立的学科，都形成于19世纪欧洲的资本主义国家。资本主义社会矛盾的日趋激化，使得维持社会正常运行和发展的问题变得突出而引人注目。于是，社会学“作为从整体上和从发展机制上对社会进行综合具体考察的学科就应社会的这种需要而出现了”…     

从解释社会学到解释人类学——谨以此文纪念人类学家格尔茨

本文主要从学科性质、研究方法上探讨了解释社会学和解释人类学的相同之处,二者都认为自然界和社会文化领域之间有着明确的界限,因而对社会科学的研究应该采用理解的方法对意义进行探求。在此基础上,从“社会行动”和“深描”这两个核心概念入手,分析了格尔茨对于韦伯的承袭:他们都是以社会行动为切入点,以行动者为导向,都采用了个人主义的方法论。最后,对比了他们对解释的评价标准以及所采用的参考模型。     

都市外来回族穆斯林社会网络的建构——以桂林市为例

社会网络是社会学研究中的一个重要分支领域。自20世纪90年代中期以来,中国学者开始运用社会网络的理论和方法分析城市中流动人口的问题。在多元异质文化的都市社会,外来回族穆斯林通过各种方式建构自己独特的社会网络。本文以桂林市外来回族穆斯林为研究对象,对其语言、饮食等体现其族群边界的最为突出的符号和宗教活动进行分析,提出了其社会网络建构的特点和所具有的现实意义。     

村落社会研究与民族志方法

本文回顾和反思了社会学和人类学对村落研究的经验,检讨了其中的理论得失和方法论上遭遇的挑战。文章认为,已有的村落社会研究成果主要体现于村落社会的民族志以及在此基础上抽象出来的“问题意识”和理论对话。笔者认为,民族志研究要秉承三个原则,即民族志的“问题意识”、民族志的时空构架以及民族志的“人本问题”。在全球化的影响下,未来对村落社会的研究应该在“超越乡土社会”的基础上,走向更高层次的“文化自觉”和文化对话。     

论比较社会学与人类学的关系

论比较社会学与人类学的关系包智明１９世纪后半叶，在西方几乎同时产生了两门与人类社会研究有关的学科：社会学和人类学。这两门学科产生之时都注重比较方法的运用。但是，在以后的发展中，在社会学领域里对不同社会的比较研究并没有取得应有的成果。相比之下，人类学却...     

民族历史学

民族历史学自二十世纪初开始崭露头角以来,直到四十年代期间,北美的一些文化人类学家、考古学家和历史学家,才首先在他们的著述和研究中系统地运用“民族历史学”这一术语描述新大陆土著民族的历史。在稍后的年代中,“民族历史学”是指任何有关非欧洲民族的历史研究。在这些研究工作中,人们通过运用文献、口头考古资料、概念框架结构以及文化人类学和社会人类学的洞察力,试图重建在与欧洲人接触以前及以后当地民族的历史。民族历史学家把历史资料和在这些社会现在成员中进行民族学研究的实地工作结合起     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.