产业关联测度方法的改进及应用——基于OECD非竞争型投入产出表的分析

影响力系数是产业关联测度中重要的分析工具,然而影响力系数的传统测算公式存在诸多缺陷。综述了影响力系数的传统测算公式中存在的主要缺陷;在此基础上综合考虑了产业结构(份额)、衡量标准以及中间投入的国内外区分等因素,对影响力系数的传统测算公式进行了改进;在中国的非竞争型投入产出表的基础上,比较分析了影响力系数测算公式改进前后计算结果的差异。     

An Elementary Introduction to Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Multinomial Models: Birch's Theorem and the Delta Method

A fairly complete introduction to the large sample theory of parametric multinomial models, suitable for a second-year graduate course in categorical data analysis, can be based on Birch's theorem (1964) and the delta method (Bishop, Fienberg, and Holland 1975). I present an elementary derivation of a version of Birch's theorem using the implicit function theorem from advanced calculus, which allows the presentation to be relatively self-contained. The use of the delta method in deriving asymptotic distributions is illustrated by Rao's (1973) result on the distribution of standardized residuals, which complements the presentation in Bishop, Fienberg, and Holland. The asymptotic theory is illustrated by two examples.     

中国城镇化与城乡收入差距的“倒U型”拐点测度——基于东、中、西部地区省际面板数据的实证研究

基于中国2000—2011年省际面板数据,分析城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响及其地区差异,结果发现城镇化的推进使中国城乡收入差距呈现先扩大后缩小的"倒U型"规律,拐点出现在城镇化率为46.07%的时候,约在2009年出现。同时,由于中国区域经济发展和城镇化进程的不平衡性,城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响存在显著的地区差异。在东部地区,城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响也显著呈"倒U型",不过其拐点与全国相比出现在更早的时期和城镇化水平更高的位置;在中、西部地区,城镇化对城乡收入差距的"倒U型"影响并不显著,中部地区显著处于城镇化扩大城乡收入差距的阶段,其"倒U型"拐点尚未出现,而西部地区有效缩小城乡收入差距的转折点可能会出现的更晚。     

Primal and Dual Capacity Utilization: An Application to Productivity Measurement in the U.S. Automobile Industry

Capacity utilization measures have traditionally been constructed as indexes of actual, as compared to “potential,” output. This potential or capacity output (Y*) can be represented within an economic model of the firm as the tangency between the short- and long-run average cost curves. Economic theoretical measures of capacity utilization (CU) can then be characterized as Y/Y* where Y is the realized level of output. These quantity or primal CU measures allow for economic interpretation; they provide explicit inference as to how changes in exogenous variables affect CU. Additional information for analyzing deviations from capacity production can be obtained by assessing the “dual” cost of the gap.

In this article the definitions and representations of primal-output and dual-cost CU measures are formalized within a dynamic model of a monopolistic firm. As an illustration of this approach to characterizing CU measures, a model is estimated for the U.S. automobile industry, 1959–1980, and primal and dual CU indexes are constructed. Application of these indexes to adjustment-of-productivity measures for “disequilibrium” is then carried out, using the dual-cost measure.     

A Proportional Odds Beta-Binomial Model for Evaluating the Effect of Treatment in Cross-Over Studies with Baseline Covariates: An Application to Condom Failure Data

Cross-over trials with correlated Bernoulli outcomes are common designs. In condom functionality studies, for example, an indicator of condom failure is reported for each sex act using standard or experimental condoms. Two popular analysis methods for such data are Generalized Estimating Equations and logit-normal random effects models. An alternative random effects model, the beta-binomial, is commonly used in contexts involving only between-cluster effects. The flexibility of the beta distribution and the interpretation of random effects as cluster-specific failure probabilities make it appealing, and we consider an extension of the model to account for within-cluster treatment effects using proportional odds assumptions.