逆向物流系统信息管理研究

近年来,越来越多的人开始关注逆向物流,逆向物流系统的构建和实施已成为闭环供应链建设的重要内容之一.信息技术将在逆向物流运作中起到重要作用,它将大大地提高逆向物流运作的水平和效率,缓解逆向物流的不确定性和复杂性.本文从逆向物流系统信息管理的意义谈起,阐述了逆向物流信息系统建设的内容,最后对逆向物流系统如何实现信息共享提出几点策略.     

基于循环经济思想的逆向物流管理研究

近些年来,逆向物流引起了国内外专家学者的普遍关注,并对其进行了系统而深入的研究。国内一些企业已开始逐步实施逆向物流管理,文章结合中国企业在开展逆向物流管理过程中出现的障碍进行深入分析,最后提出一些顺利开展逆向物流管理的合理化建议。     

我国逆向物流法律制度的完善

近年来,随着人们环境保护意识的增强,循环经济模式日益受到各国的重视,延伸生产者责任的理念被广为接受,逆向物流的经济价值逐步显现。构建一个完善、系统的逆向物流法律制度有助于建立环境友好型、资源节约型的和谐社会。我国应当在借鉴其他国家先进立法经验的基础上,结合我国国情完善逆向物流的法律制度。     

逆向物流与生态环保

当今社会，在人们的生活水平不断提高的同时，生态环保也引起了人们的重视。本文在探讨了逆向物流问题的基础上，对企业逆向物流和生态环保的关系上也进行了进一步的分析，并且废弃物回收再利用降低了企业生产的成本，具体分析了发展逆向物流对于企业和环境的优势所在。本文在逆向物流的理论与实践进行系统的研究的基础上，详细的讨论了企业逆向物流对生态环保的贡献。     

我国逆向物流发展问题研究

随着企业产品更新换代速度的加快,产品市场竞争的不断加剧,客户服务需求的多元化,环保意识的增强,环保法规约束力度的加大,以及企业自身经济利益等诸多方面的考虑,原先被忽视的逆向物流逐渐受到企业经营管理者的重视。本文以逆向物流的相关理论知识为基础,阐述了逆向物流的内涵、特点、产生与发展,分析了国内外逆向物流的发展状况,并针对我国发展逆向物流过程中的出现的问题,如企业逆向物流意识不强,重视度不够;逆向物流管理信息系统不健全;有关逆向物流的法规和责任机制不健全;废弃物处理的技术约束缺乏;缺乏规范化管理,安全隐患大等进行了深入的分析和阐述,得出如下结论:为了促进我国逆向物流科学、健康发展,要充分认识逆向物流的重要性,树立循环经济发展理念;要建立有效的逆向物流管理系统和逆向物流信息网;要构建保障循环经济发展的法律体系;要加大逆向物流科技投入,推进企业逆向物流相关技术创新;要引入第三方逆向物流管理等。     

顾客退货逆向物流与价值链增值的系统动力学模拟

循环经济下,不同的逆向物流网络路径具有不同的价值增值方式.为研究顾客退货逆向物流与企业价值链增值反馈机制,借助系统动力学的反馈机理,建立顾客退货物流系统动力学因果关系反馈图和系统动力学流图,采用excel软件进行顾客退货逆向物流与价值链增值的系统动力学模拟,为分析并预测企业日常经济活动提供决策借鉴.最后给出数值算例验证方法的有效性.     

产品再生系统的供应链管理研究进展

产品再生系统通过对废旧产品的循环再利用减少了最终垃圾的数量,进而减少了对环境的负面影响,由于良好的生态效益和潜在的经济效益,该系统在近几年受到了理论界和企业界的普遍关注.相对于传统系统,产品再生系统涉及到了正向物流与逆向物流活动,其研究范畴更为广泛与复杂.本文主要从供应链管理视角,对产品再生系统的物流网络设计、生产规划、库存控制和信息流管理四个领域的研究成果进行了总结,同时也对未来的研究方向和热点进行了展望.     

信息技术在逆向物流中的应用研究

随着竞争加剧,逆向物流在企业运作中的作用日益增大。本文阐述了信息技术与逆向物流间的关系,分析了基于信息技术的逆向物流流程,构建了基于信息技术的逆向物流实施网络,并指出了进一步的研究方向。     

逆向物流网络设计研究进展

随着环境资源压力的增大,政府法制要求以及社会环保要求的提升,研究者对逆向物流网络的研究日益关注。本文系统地对近几年的逆向物流网络设计研究进行回顾,讨论并对比研究了网络设计研究问题,研究方法,定量模型,求解算法以及逆向物流网络设计中不确定环境方面的研究。探讨了逆向物流网络研究中的不足,为研究者未来的研究方向提供了参考。     

产品召回与企业逆向物流

近年来随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,逆向物流业务呈现快速增长的态势,越来越多的企业意识到逆向物流已成为市场竞争的一个有力武器,作为逆向物流的主要形式之一的产品召回日益引起人们的关注,企业开始积极地实施产品召回等逆向物流,以求获得强大的竞争优势。本文由此展开分析说明产品召回与企业逆向物流系统的构造。     

A goal programming model for paper recycling system

The conflict between economic optimization and environmental protection has received wide attention in recent research programs for waste management system planning. This has also resulted in a set of new waste management goals in reverse logistics system planning. The purpose of this analysis is to formulate a mixed integer goal programming (MIGP) model to assist in proper management of the paper recycling logistics system. The model studies the inter-relationship between multiple objectives (with changing priorities) of a recycled paper distribution network. The objectives considered are reduction in reverse logistics cost; product quality improvement through increased segregation at the source; and environmental benefits through increased wastepaper recovery. The proposed model also assists in determining the facility location, route and flow of different varieties of recyclable wastepaper in the multi-item, multi-echelon and multi-facility decision making framework. The use of the model has been illustrated through a problem of paper recycling in India.     

Barriers to the Implementation of Environmentally Oriented Reverse Logistics: Evidence from the Automotive Industry Sector

Even though reverse logistics has existed as long as forward logistics, growing social concern for the environment has caused reverse logistics activities to become a critical function for many organizations. Yet, barriers to implementation of environmentally oriented aspects of reverse logistics still exist. The aim of the present study is to identify the barriers that impede or hinder the implementation of environmentally oriented reverse logistics practices, with a focus on the automotive industry. Empirical evidence and robust statistical analysis provide insights into the practices of environmentally oriented reverse logistics and barriers encountered in the Spanish automotive sector. Using structural equation modelling we are able identify two types of barriers, external and internal, and to study whether these barriers, previously identified in the literature, hinder environmentally oriented reverse logistics practices. The model also allows for identification of the most relevant barriers for the automotive sector.     

A pro-active and collaborative approach to reverse logistics—a case study

Reverse logistics is considered to be the key for re-manufacturing and sustainable development. It has gained increasing attention in the last decade and has been a new frontier of strategic management. One of the driving forces for firms to adopt the reverse logistics practice is cost saving from reverse logistics activities. Another motivation to put reverse logistics forward is probably due to environmental impacts on non-returnable materials. Reverse logistics, however, may require cooperation of more than one company and hence it is generally poorly managed due to self-interest of different companies. Therefore, a pro-active and collaborative approach to reverse logistics is demanded. This paper reports a case study of using returnable packaging materials between a manufacturer and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) supplier. A cross-company team was established to pursue the goal of the reverse logistics project. Tangible and intangible benefits of reverse logistics from this case study are presented in this paper.     

电子行业再制造逆向物流模式选择决策分析

电子行业的生产商始终是其逆向物流模式选择的主体,本文定量分析了三种回收处理模式的决策模型及其最优决策的基本性质.研究表明:从收益决策出发,自建回收处理系统总可以获得最大收益并可以以最低价格参与竞争.然而,其回收努力系数却可能最小;回收产品可再制造比率越大越能激发回收处理的积极性,获得较大的回收努力系数.结论指出生产商应该结合环保和法规要求根据各模式最优决策的性质选择合适的逆向物流运作模式.     

Partner selection for reverse logistics centres in green supply chains: a fuzzy artificial immune optimisation approach

The design of reverse logistics networks has now emerged as a major issue for manufacturers, not only in developed countries where legislation and societal pressures are strong, but also in developing countries where the adoption of reverse logistics practices may offer a competitive advantage. This paper presents a new model for partner selection for reverse logistic centres in green supply chains. The model offers three advantages. Firstly, it enables economic, environment and social factors to be considered simultaneously. Secondly, by integrating fuzzy set theory and artificial immune optimisation technology, it enables both quantitative and qualitative criteria to be considered simultaneously throughout the whole decision-making process. Thirdly, it extends the flat criteria structure for partner selection evaluation for reverse logistics centres to the more suitable hierarchy structure. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by means of an empirical application based on data from a Chinese electronic equipment and instruments manufacturing company.     

信息分享模式对第三方负责回收闭环供应链的影响

研究了零售商预测信息分享对第三方负责回收闭环供应链的影响.分别建立了集中式闭环供应链下信息分享模型以及四种信息分享模式(无信息分享、信息仅与第三方分享、信息仅与制造商分享和信息与制造商和第三方均分享)的闭环供应链模型.研究发现,零售商分享其私有预测信息对其收益是不利的,但信息分享使得信息仅与第三方分享模式下供应链预期利润增加,通过建立信息分享补偿机制使得零售商有动机分享其需求预测信息.同时发现信息分享对各方的价值以及各方对信息分享模式的偏好取决于回收旧产品价格.     

物流系统的可靠度及其优化研究

物流系统是一个由众多物流单元组成的大系统,它的可靠性程度对企业和社会的平稳运行有着重大的影响.本文在建立物流单元的可靠度及其度量方法基础上,研究了物流系统逻辑组成结构对系统可靠度的影响,并探讨了在有物流能力和可靠度约束的情况下,如何优化物流系统逻辑结构和物流成本的方法.     

The Reverse Supply Chain Planning Matrix: A Classification Scheme for Planning Problems in Reverse Logistics

This paper presents a conceptual planning framework for reverse supply chain operations based on an extensive literature review and industry expertise. Such a holistic scheme for classification of planning tasks is necessary as the intensification of research on reverse logistics and closed‐loop supply chains in recent years has raised a number of planning problems that differ from those of solely forward‐oriented supply chains. Up to now, a common and comprehensive definition of relevant planning problems along the reverse chain has not existed. Thus, a thorough understanding of the interdependence between these elements is missing. This paper aims to systematically identify planning problems, which are assigned to different planning horizons and distinct process stages of product recovery. The result is a classification scheme, called a ‘Reverse Supply Chain Planning Matrix’ (RSCPM), which categorizes planning problems and shows their interrelation in recovery operations. It serves both academia and practitioners as a holistic overview for planning and decision tasks. Moreover, decision‐makers are supported in identifying the relevant variables in reverse supply chains and in revealing the consequences of one decision regarding other parameters of the system. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the RSCPM is the first attempt to comprehensively structure the field of reverse supply chain research by identifying, defining and interconnecting planning problems within an integrated framework, as is common in the forward case.     

Supply chain coordination with reverse logistics: A vendor/recycler-buyer synchronized cycles model

In this paper, we develop a synchronized cycles vendor-buyer coordination model where the single vendor is both a producer and recycler/remanufacturer, and there are multiple buyers. This model is an extension of the general single-vendor multi-buyer synchronization model to incorporate reverse logistics, and it includes costs associated with production, remanufacturing, transportation and holding inventory. The reverse logistics in the model is achieved by having the vendor pick up returned products from the buyers and then reprocess them for resale. Similar to the original synchronization model, the synchronization of our model is attained by coordinating the vendor's production cycle with both new products’ delivery cycles for transportation from the vendor to the buyers and used products’ pick-up cycles for transportation from the buyers to the vendor/recycler. A genetic algorithm is used for solving the problem. Numerical results show the benefits from this new synchronized cycles model compared to independent optimization with reverse logistics. Our findings further show that under low levels of returning products, the synchronized cycles coordination model with reverse logistics can reduce total system costs when compared with the independent optimization model without reverse logistics. Examples also show how the model with reverse logistics can perform economically better than the model without reverse logistics.