民族地区生态功能区建设

随着经济的快速发展,民族地区的生态环境也在日益恶化.建立民族地区生态功能区,是实现民族地区环境可持续发展的一条重要途径.     

江西:民族地区生态文明建设成效显著

2008年11月29日,江西省政府在南康市召开了全省民族地区生态文明建设现场会,对前一阶段民族地区生态文明建设工作进行了经验总结,对下一阶段的工作进行了具体部署。副省长熊盛文在会上要求,民族地区生态文明建设还需要把握几个重点,即要把民族地区生态文明建设与国家扩大内需的决策部署结合起来,与省委、省政府的重大决策部署结合起来,与新农村建设结合起来,与农业产业化结合起来。当前,江西民族地区干部群众正根据党的十七大和十七届三中全会精神,根据省政府的具体部署,在全面建设小康社会和社会主义新农村的进程中,加快实现民族地区生态文明、人与自然和谐相处、经济社会协调可持续发展。     

生态文明语境下民族地区生态治理路径探析

我国民族地区经济快速增长的同时生态环境问题也日趋凸现,水土流失加剧、草地退化严重、沙漠化面积加剧、珍稀动植物濒临灭绝等问题严重威胁着我国民族地区经济社会可持续发展。针对民族地区生态环境问题形成的主要原因,提出了民族地区生态治理的具体路径:转变经济发展方式,走绿色发展道路;加强民族地区生态环境法制建设;积极开展保护生态环境宣传教育活动等。     

西部大开发与四川民族地区生态经济建设

四川民族地区处于长江、黄河上游的特殊地理位置,这决定了它在西部大开发中以生态环境治理为目标的发展方向。本文从四川民族地区在西部大开发中的这一特殊地位出发,分析了国家区域经济分工中四川民族地区的地位变化对四川民族地区的影响,指出四川民族地区的发展方向是建立生态经济体系,并提出了为四川民族地区的生态公共产品定价、建立生态公共产品价格支付方式的建议。     

文化实践与民族地区的生态文明建设生态问题到底意味着什么？

随着中国经济社会的发展,生态问题的严峻形势体现在许多方面,日益引起人们的重视。党的十八大提出把生态文明建设放在突出地位,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展。作为中国构建生态安全屏障的重要区域,民族地区的生态文明建设不仅关系到当地的可持续发展,而且关系着整个中国的生态安全。民族地区如何建设生态文明既是一个关系人民福祉的现实问题,又是一个关乎民族未来的重大问题。     

生态化:民族地区生态文明融入政治文明建设的实现路径

民族地区是我国重要的生态屏障区和生态功能区,也是生态问题凸显区.政治文明是生态文明建设的制度保障,有助于实现生态治理能力和体系的现代化.民族地区生态文明的稳步推进,必须以政治文明的生态化发展为制度保障.政治文明的生态化发展主要围绕党的领导、依法治国和人民民主等三个方面展开,核心是党的领导方式生态化,主体是法治体系生态化,基础是民主建设生态化.党的领导方式的生态化就是要将生态文明理念融入政治、思想和组织领导方式,生成政治意识文明.法治体系生态化目标是推进政治制度文明建设,主要包括综合性的生态立法、协同性的生态执法和强效的生态司法.民主建设生态化的中心是公众生态参与.     

四川民族地区旅游资源开发与生态安全保障机制研究

旅游资源开发一直被认为是促进四川、云南、贵州等西部民族地区地方脱贫致富的重要路径,然而过度的资源开发必将直接危及当地生态安全。四川地处长江上游,其民族地区的生态安全状况关系着长江流域以及整个国家的安全。本文从人与自然、人与社会关系的视角,探寻四川民族地区旅游资源开发过程中自然生态环境、民族文化生态环境的生态安全保障机制,以期切实有效地维护社会和谐稳定发展。     

生态文明视阈下青海生态城市建设研究

生态文明是实现人与自然、人与社会、经济与环境全面协调发展的新型文明形态,建设生态城市则是生态文明的重要实现途径和具体表现形式.文章从生态文明和生态城市的内在联系入手,在探讨生态城市的特征及建设生态城市重要意义的基础上,对青海省建设生态城市的基础条件和路径进行了分析.     

生态和谐视角下的民族地区经济法制建设

生态环境与民族地区的经济发展具有相辅相成的关系。本文通过对生态和谐、生态和谐与民族地区经济发展的关系探讨为基础点,详细论述了中国民族地区目前生态环境现状及相应的保护生态环境的法制建设情况,提出通过加强立法工作、强化行政执法、加大司法力度、完善监督机制、增强群众法律意识等措施,加强民族地区的经济法制建设。     

谈媒介生态优化与民族地区生态文化建设

环境和生态安全是和谐社会的根基。建设绿色的生态文化是保护环境和生态安全的社会基础。在生态文化建设的进程中,大众传媒应是生力军和旗手。而在湘鄂渝黔边区,由于种种原因,媒介生态存在着失衡现象。因此,必须优化媒介生态,才能保证传媒在构建生态文化中高扬绿色文明的大旗,充分发挥生力军作用,为保护边区的环境和生态安全、构建民族地区社会主义和谐社会作出贡献。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

四川省民族自治地方的教育与经济发展——兼论民族地区的人才引进

文章对四川民族自治地方人口受教育程度及其对经济发展的作用进行了分析.研究发现,2000年以来四川民族自治地方人口平均受教育年限有了较大提高,文盲率显著下降,技能型人口比重也有一定的提高,但相对于发达地区和经济社会发挥及全面小康的需要,四川民族自治地方人口受教育程度依然较低,特别是技能型人口缺乏,文盲率还较高,受教育的性别差异较大.对人口受教育程度与经济发展的分析表明,受教育程度的提高、技能型人口比重的增加和受教育性别差异的缩小,能够促进经济增长和产业结构的改进.文章通过对四川省高校大学生的调查,说明了民族贫困地区引进人才面临的约束及实现引进人才可能的方式.文章对进一步发展教育事业,加强人力资本投资等提出了相关政策建议.     

民族地区自然生态利益探析

本文认为 ,自然生态利益是民族地区的一种重要利益。维护民族地区的自然生态利益 ,是发展民族经济 ,提高少数民族群众物质文化生活水平 ,加强民族团结 ,保持社会稳定 ,全面推进民族地区小康社会建设的需要 ,是代表少数民族群众根本利益的表现。目前 ,民族地区自然生态利益正受到严重威胁 ,必须采取有效措施予以保护。要从提高思想认识、加大经费投入、调整产业结构、实行制度创新、运用现代科技、加强法治等方面来维护民族地区的自然生态利益     

民族地区生态环境保护的法治探讨

民族地区已初步建成生态环境保护法治体系,但是生态环境监察执法体系不完善,生态环境法治建设仍存在诸多问题。完善民族地区生态环境保护的法治举措是：构建自然资源资产产权制度,建立生态环境效益补偿制度,健全生态环境损害赔偿制度,完善生态环境治理公益诉讼制度,强化生态环境治理督察制度。     

民族地区师资队伍建设的思考

民族地区师资队伍建设是民族地区教育发展的关键。民族地区的师资队伍建设必须紧密结合本地区、各民族的教育发展的实际,采取一系列政策措施,加强师资队伍建设。     

论《民族区域自治法》的根本职能

论述了解放和发展民族地区生产力是<民族区域自治法>的主要职能和根本原则,指出要使社会各界从解放和发展民族地区生产力这个理论高度充分认识<民族区域自治法>的重大意义,并将其作为贯彻和实施<民族区域自治法>的原则.     

四川省民族地区教育均衡性发展问题研究

民族地区的教育发展是当地经济发展和社会进步的重要保障。四川是一个多民族大省,同时四川省民族地区也是全国贫困面最大、贫困人口最多、贫困程度最深的地区之一。多年来,由于经济发展水平的不均衡导致的教育发展不均衡现象在四川省民族地区越来越突出。本文立足于民族地区教育特别是基础教育,通过研究经济相对落后的四川省民族地区教育在资金、人才、政策等方面获得的教育资源现状和问题,探索实现民族地区教育均衡性发展的路径和方法,进而对实现教育公平及全面建成小康社会、打赢扶贫攻坚战奠定基础。     

应加强对少数民族地区政府职能的理论研究

少数民族地区政府是少数民族地区社会公共领域的核心,其职责定位是否准确,权能实施是否合理,关系到民族地区经济社会的发展能力和水平。本文针对当前民族地区政府职能研究中存在着简单套用非民族地区政府职能的现状,指出应进一步加强对少数民族地区政府职能的理论研究。