生态化:民族地区生态文明融入政治文明建设的实现路径

民族地区是我国重要的生态屏障区和生态功能区,也是生态问题凸显区.政治文明是生态文明建设的制度保障,有助于实现生态治理能力和体系的现代化.民族地区生态文明的稳步推进,必须以政治文明的生态化发展为制度保障.政治文明的生态化发展主要围绕党的领导、依法治国和人民民主等三个方面展开,核心是党的领导方式生态化,主体是法治体系生态化,基础是民主建设生态化.党的领导方式的生态化就是要将生态文明理念融入政治、思想和组织领导方式,生成政治意识文明.法治体系生态化目标是推进政治制度文明建设,主要包括综合性的生态立法、协同性的生态执法和强效的生态司法.民主建设生态化的中心是公众生态参与.     

民族自治地方政府生态治理有效性的三重维度考察

在新时代生态文明建设的语境下,民族地区的可持续发展关系政治稳定和民族团结.民族自治地方政府是生态文明观贯彻落实的组织载体,也是生态文明建设体系中的关键环节.本文认为坚持党的领导、依法治理和"以人民为中心"是提升民族自治地方政府生态治理有效性的政治保障、制度保障与价值保障,同时也是民族自治地方政府实现生态治理水平和治理能...     

江西:民族地区生态文明建设成效显著

2008年11月29日,江西省政府在南康市召开了全省民族地区生态文明建设现场会,对前一阶段民族地区生态文明建设工作进行了经验总结,对下一阶段的工作进行了具体部署。副省长熊盛文在会上要求,民族地区生态文明建设还需要把握几个重点,即要把民族地区生态文明建设与国家扩大内需的决策部署结合起来,与省委、省政府的重大决策部署结合起来,与新农村建设结合起来,与农业产业化结合起来。当前,江西民族地区干部群众正根据党的十七大和十七届三中全会精神,根据省政府的具体部署,在全面建设小康社会和社会主义新农村的进程中,加快实现民族地区生态文明、人与自然和谐相处、经济社会协调可持续发展。     

岷江上游干旱河谷区生态屏障体系建设研究

岷江流域是长江上游重要的支流,其生态地位特别重要,本文分析了岷江上游地区面临的基本生态问题,提出了岷江上游地区生态屏障体系建设的原则、依据与目标,根据岷江上游区域生态系统的空间特征、生态敏感性和生态系统服务功能,将该区域划分为三个生态功能区并确立了森林牧草、水域湿地、农田作物等生态屏障建设重点内容,切实有效维护该区域的生态经济可持续发展和资源环境的有效保护。     

文化实践与民族地区的生态文明建设生态问题到底意味着什么？

随着中国经济社会的发展，生态问题的严峻形势体现在许多方面，日益引起人们的重视。党的十八大提出把生态文明建设放在突出地位，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族永续发展。作为中国构建生态安全屏障的重要区域，民族地区的生态文明建设不仅关系到当地的可持续发展，而且关系着整个中国的生态安全。民族地区如何建设生态文明既是一个关系人民福祉的现实问题，又是一个关乎民族未来的重大问题。     

西南生态脆弱民族地区的发展环境约束与发展路径选择探析——以四川藏区为例

基于四川藏区生态环境的脆弱性与多样性、经济社会发展的边缘性与依附性、人口发展的乡村性与贫困性等特征,其发展路径必须以重要生态功能区与生态脆弱区为基础,以国家特殊贫困区为背景,选择制度许可且符合区域特色的发展路径。结合四川藏区的社会经济与人口发展环境,应重点做好三方面工作,一是正确评估四川藏区生态产品价值,建立生态价值考评机制;二是加大藏区重点聚落的基础设施建设,改善民众的基本生存环境;三是增加向农牧民的财政转移专项支持,提高农牧民人均收入。     

民族地区生态功能区建设

随着经济的快速发展,民族地区的生态环境也在日益恶化.建立民族地区生态功能区,是实现民族地区环境可持续发展的一条重要途径.     

四川民族地区旅游资源开发与生态安全保障机制研究

旅游资源开发一直被认为是促进四川、云南、贵州等西部民族地区地方脱贫致富的重要路径,然而过度的资源开发必将直接危及当地生态安全。四川地处长江上游,其民族地区的生态安全状况关系着长江流域以及整个国家的安全。本文从人与自然、人与社会关系的视角,探寻四川民族地区旅游资源开发过程中自然生态环境、民族文化生态环境的生态安全保障机制,以期切实有效地维护社会和谐稳定发展。     

西部大开发与四川民族地区生态经济建设

四川民族地区处于长江、黄河上游的特殊地理位置,这决定了它在西部大开发中以生态环境治理为目标的发展方向。本文从四川民族地区在西部大开发中的这一特殊地位出发,分析了国家区域经济分工中四川民族地区的地位变化对四川民族地区的影响,指出四川民族地区的发展方向是建立生态经济体系,并提出了为四川民族地区的生态公共产品定价、建立生态公共产品价格支付方式的建议。     

试论生态民族理论研究

推进生态文明,建设美丽中国,把生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义建设总布局是关系中国各族人民现在及未来的大计.马克思主义民族理论是研究中国民族发展和解决民族问题的指导思想.生态民族理论研究是以生态的视觉与方法研究中国少数民族发展和民族问题.     

生态教育与西北地区的生态环境

文章论述了西北地区生态环境的现状及其根源,揭示了生态教育与地区环境之间的内在作用机制,提出了加强生态教育、深化生态意识,实现西北地区生态环境可持续发展的具体措施。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

民族地区自然生态利益探析

本文认为 ,自然生态利益是民族地区的一种重要利益。维护民族地区的自然生态利益 ,是发展民族经济 ,提高少数民族群众物质文化生活水平 ,加强民族团结 ,保持社会稳定 ,全面推进民族地区小康社会建设的需要 ,是代表少数民族群众根本利益的表现。目前 ,民族地区自然生态利益正受到严重威胁 ,必须采取有效措施予以保护。要从提高思想认识、加大经费投入、调整产业结构、实行制度创新、运用现代科技、加强法治等方面来维护民族地区的自然生态利益     

广西农村生态家园建设对策论

推进广西农村生态家园建设必须实施正确的战略和对策一是融入"西部大开发"、"泛珠三角"、"对接东盟"战略之中;二是构建农村生态家园建设的政府支持、资金保障和中介服务体系.     

论西北少数民族地区生态环境与民族关系问题

本文在论述西北少数民族地区生态环境恶化状况的基础上 ,阐述因生态环境恶化导致的民族关系问题 ,并提出解决对策     

宁夏南部山区生态重建报告书

本文分析了宁夏南部山区生态重建的现实背景 ,分析了宁夏南部山区近二十年来及在西部大开发中生态重建的政策支持、实际效果和需要进一步完善、调整的问题 ,介绍了近二十年来科研单位、政府机构在生态重建与反贫困方面的重要研究成果     

民族地区农业生态环境补偿及其制度研究

农业生态环境补偿的实质是建立利益相关者之间的利益分配和协调关系,通过这种稳定的关系来促进农业生态环境保护.其制度的属性是一种稳定的可持续性的利益联结,能够对保护者产生激励作用和协调作用,从而实现农业生产、农牧民增收和农业生态环境保护多重效益.建立健全民族地区的农业生态环境补偿制度,加快农业生产中的“补偿”式发展,守住民族地区农业生态环境底线,同步推动农业生产效率提升与生态环境损害下降,是民族地区经济可持续发展的必需.     

试论西部民族地区生态环境保护的法律构建

西部民族地区的生态环境建设关系到西部大开发战略的实施,关系到区域经济的发展,关系到民族地区的稳定和边疆安全。为了实现经济社会和生态环境保护的和谐发展,客观上要求我们必须在西部民族地区不断完善生态环境保护的法制体系,重视运用法律手段引导、规范、促进和保障西部民族地区生态环境的平衡协调。     

民族地区生态补偿机制总体框架设计

在借鉴国内外经验的基础上,本文提出了建立民族地区生态补偿机制的总体框架,其中包括了生态补偿的基本要素、管理机制和保障措施三个方面。民族地区生态补偿的基本要素有补偿主体、客体、标准、方式和途径等,它们是整个补偿体系的基础和核心;生态补偿的管理机制包括科学决策机制、综合协调机制、责任追究机制、绩效评估机制和社会参与机制,它们是生态补偿制度能够良好运行的基础;生态补偿的保障措施包括体制保障、政策保障、法制保障、财政保障和意识保障,它们是生态补偿方案能够顺利实施的制度支撑。     

民族地区生态环境保护的法治探讨

民族地区已初步建成生态环境保护法治体系,但是生态环境监察执法体系不完善,生态环境法治建设仍存在诸多问题。完善民族地区生态环境保护的法治举措是：构建自然资源资产产权制度,建立生态环境效益补偿制度,健全生态环境损害赔偿制度,完善生态环境治理公益诉讼制度,强化生态环境治理督察制度。