煤气杂质对城市煤气输配的危害及对策

分析煤气中杂质对城市煤气输配的危害性,探讨保证煤气质量的具体措施。     

酸碱平衡,不做酸美人

营养专家说,健康人体内环境的酸碱度(pH值)在7.35到7.45之间,即体液应该呈弱碱性才能保持正常的生理功能和物质代谢。可是根据调查,只有10%的人pH值在此范围内,属于碱性体质;而多达70%的人是酸性体质,体液pH值经常徘徊在7.35左右或稍低,身体处于亚健康状态。人们想调节自身的酸     

家用燃气灶熄火保护装置

安全型家用燃气灶能在非正常情况下煤气泄漏时及时切断煤气,防止用户的人身和财产受到损害。     

喝酸奶有讲究

空腹不宜喝酸奶通常人的胃液酸碱度在pH1～3之间,空腹时的pH值在2以下,而酸奶中活性乳酸菌生长的酸碱度值在pH5.4以上,如果在空腹时喝酸奶,乳酸菌就会很容易被胃酸杀死,其营养价值和保健作用就会大大降低。如果在饭后喝酸奶,这时胃液被稀释,pH值上升到3～5,这种环境很适合乳酸菌的生长,故饭后2小时内饮用酸奶效果最佳。酸奶不能加热喝酸奶中最有价值的成分是乳酸菌,它不仅可以分解牛奶中的乳糖,从而产生乳酸,使肠道的酸性增加,且有抑制腐败菌生长和减弱腐败菌在肠道中产生毒素的作用。如果把酸奶进行加热处理,酸奶中的乳酸菌会被杀死,其营…     

水泥砂浆衬里对水质的影响

水泥砂浆衬里的腐蚀会恶化管内水质,而使水的pH值、钙浓度和碱度显著上升。     

中国煤气热力期刊编辑研究会举行第九届会议

<正> 第九届中国煤气热力期刊编辑研究会于1998年8月5日～8日在山西省太原市召开,有《煤气与热力》、《城市煤气》、《区域供热》、《城市公用事业》、《煤化工》、《江苏煤气》、《上海煤气》等11个编辑部共计18人参加。会议的目的是交流办刊经验,提高刊物质量,探讨当前科技期刊界普遍关注的问题;加强横向联系,在各自办刊     

影响煤气孔板流量计精确度的因素及对策

结合孔板流量计的实际使用情况,探讨了如煤气密度(组分)变化、煤气含水量、煤气中的杂质、二次仪表的误差等这些造成孔板流量计精确度下降的主要因素,并提出了诸如修正密度、处理水和水蒸气、定期清洗、吹扫计量装置、定期校验二次仪表等改进措施。     

上海建立公正燃气计量站

<正> 随着燃气体制改革的深化,煤气生产与销售分离。由于管理、技术等方面的原因,煤气供应存在“跑、冒、滴、漏”的现象,再加上统计口径不一致,产与销之间的燃气量往往有较大差异。上海市每年煤气产值接     

管道煤气的安全使用

管道煤气的安全使用城市煤气可分为天然气和人工气两大类。天然气是自然形成的地厂矿藏，经开采即可供应使用。人工气主要是从固体燃料加工后得到的可燃气体。如兰州居民使用的管道煤气，是将原料煤经高压气化后生产出的．经长输管线调压输送，供居民使用。煤气与液化石油...     

生活顾问

烧煤气火力 不可调到最小 为 节 省 煤 气 用 量 ,多家庭在焖米饭、炖(煲)时,都爱将煤气火力调到最小程度,且持续很长时间。这样做很危险。因为在燃烧量最小的时候,煤气中的可燃元素处于非白炽状态,会产生较多的一氧化碳气体,若室内通风条件不好,就会造成一氧化碳气体积聚,严     

战后日本中东石油战略的调整及其启示

二战后日本中东石油战略的调整经历了获取石油开采权，建立海外石油基地；修改亲以政策，实行亲阿外交；从单纯的能源外交转向平衡外交；不愿过于依赖海湾阿拉伯国家，与伊朗联合开发油田的四个阶段。对中国的启示是重视战略石油储备的作用、增加勘探开发投入、使石油进口来源多元化。     

Migrants’ Intention to Move or Stay in their Initial Destination

The objective of this article is to find out why immigrants intend to stay in or leave their initial destination. The insight into such factors could help develop policy measures to deal with potential out‐migration, especially from the regions that view international migration as a solution to their demographic and economic difficulties. The study uses multinomial logistic regression to estimate the strength of association between migrants' intention to move and immigration category, human capital, economic and social factors. The data come from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia. The findings show that different groups of migrants have different propensities to move or stay in their initial destination. Employer‐sponsored migrants are even less likely to intend to relocate than family class. Highly educated and skilled migrants tend to be more likely to express the intention to move or have doubts. Satisfactory employment has a positive impact on retention.     

Influence of Late Life Stressors on the Decisions of Older Women to Relocate into Congregate Senior Housing

Late-life stressors often require individuals to make substantial alterations in behavior and lifestyle and can affect their overall health and well-being. Relocation is a significant life stress, regardless of age. The primary aim of this study is to elucidate the push-pull factors associated with moving into congregate senior housing. The secondary aim is to investigate the decision-making processes and stresses associated with moving into a congregate living environment. Interviews were conducted with 26 women who were new residents in congregate senior housing. Relocation, as expected, was considered to be stressful, although individual differences were found among perceptions of relocation stresses. Women who had made the decision to relocate on their own showed evidence of better psychosocial well-being at the time of the move. One-quarter of the sample chose to move to provide care to another person. As the options for senior housing continue to evolve and the number of adults reaching advanced age continues to increase, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to successful adaptation. This knowledge will enable facility administrators to implement programs and procedures to assist incoming residents with acclimating to their new homes.     

Demand for decision autonomy and the desire to avoid responsibility in risky environments: Experimental evidence

This paper experimentally studies individuals’ willingness to pay for the authority to make risky decisions for themselves, and the willingness to take responsibility for others, as primary determinants of leadership willingness. We consider a setup involving a pair of individuals, where one individual is designated to make both parties’ decisions by default. Depending on treatment, either party can express a willingness to pay to change this situation. If one’s willingness to pay to make her own decision herself is positive (negative), we interpret it as a demand for autonomy (a desire to delegate). On the flip side, if one’s willingness to pay to avoid making a decision on behalf of another person is positive (negative), we interpret it as a desire to avoid responsibility (a demand for authority). We find that on average, individuals are willing to pay positive amounts of money to make their decisions themselves, and incur positive but smaller opportunity costs for the right to make decisions for others. Certain individual and contextual characteristics emerge as important predictors. Notably, (1) men are more likely to demand both autonomy and authority at the same time, (2) individuals with other regarding preferences are more likely to pay to avoid taking responsibility for others’ decisions when the probability of loss is high. Exploring differences between individuals’ own decisions and the decisions they make on behalf of others, we find that subjects with other-regarding preferences tend to “cautious-shift” when making decisions on behalf of others. Also, we find that individuals who would like to avoid responsibility also tend to “shift” their decisions when put in a decision-making role. The results have implications for the allocation of decision-making authority in pairs and leadership.     

Including children with special educational needs in physical education: has entitlement and accessibility been realised?

The return of the Labour government to power in 1997 brought an increased focus upon inclusive education for children with special educational needs (SEN). Alongside this there has been a desire to enhance the opportunities young people have to access physical education (PE) and school sport. Previous research has shown that children with SEN often have fewer opportunities to access physical activity due to physical, social and emotional barriers to participation. With the advent of a new Con–Lib-Dem government in 2010 and a planned review of inclusion policies and practices, this paper examines the extent to which children with SEN have arrived at utopia in relation to their entitlement and access to PE. The paper identifies four themes central to successful inclusive PE, whilst suggesting there is still some way to go for children with SEN to have the same opportunities in physical activity as their non-disabled peers.     

Communicating with parents

It is difficult to help a child whose parents are unavailable to the professional working with the child. Parents whose children have problems tend to be fearful of being judged and criticized. Anger or expressions of guilt may mask their fears about their own inadequacies and problems. All parents need to be listened to and understood before professionals can help the children. Communicating this understanding to the parents requires more than works. Listening, enabling parents to talk and talking with parents often needs to be supplemented by actions concrete services and even by play to enable the parents to trust enough to want to learn how to be better parents. Foster parents must also be drawn into a cooperative effort to help children in their care.This is an excerpt from the bookWork With Children to be published by Human Sciences Press in February 1979. This selection deals with communicating with parents, for until that is accomplished, there is no chance to communicate with children.     

How to Survive as a Family Therapist

This paper will look at the particular anxieties that a family therapist needs to manage to survive the work. Attention is paid to the clinical and organisational pressures that therapists need to be able to negotiate in order to work creatively. Some suggestions are made as to the therapeutic position which enables us to enjoy our work as therapists.     

Derrida’s “Indecent Objection”

Derrida’s account of forgiveness appears to oppose politics to ethics, challenging political reconciliation in the name of unconditional forgiveness. Yet at the same time Derrida seems to sacrifice ethics to politics by advancing but refusing to take the side of what he calls an “indecent objection” to reconciliation. This essay seeks to account for Derrida’s strategy and to think through some of the consequences of Derrida’s emphasis on the “impossibility” of forgiveness.     

Mindfulness, vulnerability, and love: Spiritual lessons from frail elders, earnest young pilgrims, and middle aged rockers

Gerontologists have studied religion and spirituality for almost three decades. Much of this work focuses on determining how elders' religious and spiritual beliefs and practices affect various indicators of well-being. This paper critiques many of the assumptions underlying this research and suggests alternatives to individualistic formulations of well-being. Experiences in spiritual communities of various types may help aging persons to be mindfully present to others, to recognize that all are vulnerable to the afflictions of aging and the certainty of death, and to love and care for others while working to promote justice. In this paper, I describe how my marriage to a minister enabled me to develop relationships with frail elders and young adults seeking to live faithfully. These friends have influenced my work and have helped to shape my views on my own aging.     

Uncertain lies: How payoff uncertainty affects dishonesty

In this paper we experimentally explore how lying changes when its consequences are not certain. We argue that, when consequences are not certain, lying is morally less costly because the action of lying does not mechanically result in the obtainment of the benefit and this produces a lower feeling of responsibility in case the benefit is obtained. Moreover, we argue that the smaller the impact of lying on the probability to obtain the benefit the lower is the feeling of responsibility. We test our predictions using a modified die-under-the-cup task where misreporting, rather than delivering a higher payoff, increases the likelihood to get a prize. Overall we have four treatments where the reported outcome affects the probability to get a prize to a different extent. Contrary to our prediction, we do not observe any treatment difference suggesting that lying is independent to the extent to which it increases the probability to get a benefit. This result suggests that the willingness to lie to secure a benefit and the willingness to lie to marginally increase the probability to obtain a benefit are very similar.