试论我国城镇化过程中的资源经济发展问题

一、“城镇化”的含义及我国的城镇化发展水平什么是城镇化（国际通用的提法叫城市化，两者的含义基本一致）？一般认为，城镇化是人们的经济、政治、文化等社会活动，为节约时间向特定空间集聚的过程。在这个过程中，农业人口比重下降，工业、服务业人口比重上升，人口和产业向城市集聚，生产方式、交换方式和生活方式向规模化、集约化、市场化和社会化发展。城镇化是工业化发展的客观要求，城镇化水平是一个国家社会经济发展水平的重要标志。建国以来，特别是改革开放以来，我国城镇化水平随着经济发展不断提高，从１９７８年的１７．９２…     

深圳社会工作的创新之路

社会工作的出现和发展是工业化．城市化的产物．是社会文明、进步的重要标志。经过一百多年的发展，社会工作已经成为发达国家和地区国家制度体系的重要组成部分，在解决社会问题、提升居民生活质量、促进社会稳定等方面发挥了重要作用。改革开放以来，深圳经济社会迅速推进，人民生活显著提高．生活需求结构和层次发生巨大变化。与此同时．各种社会问题和社会矛盾也大量出现。     

对天津市发展航天产业的思考

航天技术是以探索、开发和利用宇宙空间为目的．集成宇航技术、遥感技术、信息化技术、新材料技术等知识高度密集与综合．关系国家安全并对经济发展和社会进步具有广泛带动作用的战略高技术。积极发展航天技术．扩大航天技术应用。促进航天产业发展,是建设创新型国家、实现全面建设小康社会战略目标的客观要求．是落实科学发展观、推动经济和社会协调发展的重要途径．同时也是提高广大人民群众生活质量、增强民族凝聚力、提升国家国际地位、提高产业国际竞争力的战略举措。     

加强农村建房管理 积极推进农村城市化

国家实行工业化、现代化和农村城市化，是社会发展的必然趋势，全世界发达国家无一例外，都是循着这一正确社会发展模式发展起来的。而农村城市化发展速度又以农村工业化、现代化发展程度的形式体现，三者之间是相互包容、相互促进、互为基础、共同发展的关系。实现农村建房的科学、规范管理，则是加快农村城市化的重要措施之一。但各地发展不平衡，不少地方发展进程滞后，缺乏产业支撑，重点不突出，规模普遍偏小等。如何克服这些问题，进一步加强农村建房管理，快速促进农村城市化发展，下面，结合江油实际，谈点粗浅意见。一、江油市近年…     

国外城市化的模式、特点和趋势

正城市化是指随着工业和服务业的发展,人口逐渐向城市集中,城市数量和规模不断扩大,城市生活方式逐渐向农村渗透的历史过程。认真研究和总结国外城市化的基本模式、主要特点和发展趋势,对于我国走出一条有中国特色的新型城镇化道路具有积极的借鉴作用。一、国外城市化的基本模式(一)英国:政府调控下的市场主导型模式英国是世界上第一个实现工业化的国家,     

中国城市主导时代的政策机制与思维管理模式

自19世纪后期,西方国家相继进入城市主导的工业化时期,城市化的进度与工业化同步或超前于工业化,而我国城市化的进度一直落后于工业化发展速度。因此,21世纪的前30年,我国必须努力建立法治的城市主导型战略和政策机制,以此推动社会经济的健康发展。 一、城市社会机制的地位与作用 只有不断地提高城市化水平,才有可能解决诸如控制人口增长、普及义务教育、发展工农业生产、提高消费水平和生活质量、节约用地和各     

基于产业集群的北京经济技术开发区城市化研究

北京经济技术开发区经过十几年的发展，经济总量大幅增长，工业化水平迅速提高，成功完成了“第一次创业”。面对新的发展环境，北京经济技术开发区要保持经济的高位运行，必须通过城市化功能的开发，实现经济增长方式的转变与创新。文章分析了北京经济技术开发区城市化的必要性，从产业集群的视角对北京经济技术开发区城市化问题进行了研究。     

增加农民收入是城市化的主要目标之一——以广州市为例的研究

一、城市化与“三农” （一）城市化目标再认识 城市化是我国经济社会发展的重要战略。通过城市化发展工商业．增加就业岗位．加快农村人口向城镇人口转变．从而使我同经济社会走上现代化大道。城市化进程的推进为我国农民提供了相对自由的就业环境．同时也提高了农民收入．改善了其生活条件。在城市化推进的过程中，集中资金、人才、信息等资源建设城镇．使改革开放30年来城镇的数量和规模都有了很大提高。     

城市化进程中的城市建设问题——浅谈区域均衡发展与城市边缘区扩张问题

一、城市化的再认识 按照《中华人民共和国国家标准城市规划基本术语标准》的定义．城市化是人类生产和生活方式由乡村型向城市型转化的历史过程．表现为乡村人口向城市人口转化以及城市不断发展和完善的过程．但这种转化并不是简单的城乡人口结构的转化．而是一种产业结构及其空间分布结构的转化．是传统劳动方式、生活方式向现代化劳动与生活方式的转化。     

“老龄化”警报已响

如果说西方人口老龄化是在实现了工业化、城市化之后出现的一个自然渐变过程的话,那么,中国人口老龄化却是在实现工业化之前人为加速促成的。由于中国的特殊国情,西方国家用100年经历的人口老龄化过程,中国只需要40年。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.