家族逻辑、企业逻辑与家族企业成长——S公司案例研究

家族企业涉及家族和企业2个系统,前者以情感为维系逻辑,后者以能力效率为运营逻辑,二者之间既存在互补关系,也存在冲突。家族逻辑和企业逻辑之间能否平衡决定着家族企业成功的概率。S公司案例表明,在中国文化背景下,以孝悌为核心的家族伦理影响着创业者的家族地位和家族社会资本的汇集,进而影响家族企业的文化理念和社会责任。只有在制度理性的约束下,伦理文化才有利于企业运行效率的提升,因此,家族企业获得竞争优势的机制在于家族伦理—企业伦理-制度理性三者之间的有效制衡与共振。     

基于跨案例扎根分析的商业模式结构模型研究

以75个实际企业商业模式成功案例为样本,应用扎根理论的Strauss三阶段编码方法进行跨案例分析,构建商业模式结构模型。以迭代式开放性编码对案例中描述商业模式的变量进行概念化和类属化,依据主轴编码的典范模式将各类属按性质分布于具有因果关系的6个层次,将每个层次的类属性质聚类为具有三级结构的商业模式构件,建立一个包含15个构件和6个层次的二维商业模式结构模型,并以实际企业案例详细说明模型的应用。研究结果表明,构建的模型有效改进了现有商业模式结构研究在构件细化、构件全面性和模型开放性等方面存在的不足,且为解释性模型和形式理论,使模型不仅可以跨情境地应用于商业模式描述、商业模式评估和商业模式创新策略归纳,也为研究更深层次商业模式问题奠定了良好的基础,并对企业创新和改进商业模式提供指导。     

案例研究法在国内工商管理学中应用及其发展趋势——以2005～2011年《管理学报》和《管理世界》刊发文献为依据

以2005～2011年期间《管理学报》和《管理世界》所刊发的190篇案例研究文献为样本,运用文献计量方法,比较分析了国内工商管理类案例研究论文的年度载文数量、基金资助情况、合作者数量,概括并阐述案例研究类论文关注的8个研究焦点,从论文被引频次、数据收集方法、研究规范性程度、所达到的研究效果4个角度评价国内学术界工商管理案例研究的质量.最后,简要预测其发展趋势.     

案例研究方法严谨性测度研究

针对国内案例方法理论研究和实践现状,提出案例研究方法严谨性问题。在引介国外前沿案例研究严谨性方法论的基础上,结合自己的学习型理解和案例研究实践,通过纳入国内案例研究的情境因素,加以消化吸收,以案例研究方法的效度和信度关切为聚焦,初步厘清了案例研究方法严谨性的内涵和指标体系,构建出具有实际操作性的严谨性测度框架,丰富并提高了国内案例研究严谨性方法论,并且选取名刊名家最新案例研究型论文进行实证测度,发现了案例研究方法严谨性领域的国内外较大差距,指明了我们未来的努力方向。     

Cost-Effectiveness of Risk-Reduction Measures from a National Viewpoint: A Case Study of the Angra Nuclear Plant in Brazil

In this paper a systemic or national approach to cost-effectiveness analysis of risk-reduction measures is reviewed, and its advantages and limitations are discussed. The method is applied to the problem of the cost-effectiveness of increasing the Angra 3 NPP containment wall thickness from the present 60 cm to 180 cm thick in order to prevent damage to the reactor core in case of a direct commercial aircraft crash on it. It is concluded that this measure is not cost-effective if the referred approach is considered.     

数据驱动的产品研发转型：组织惯例适应性变革视角的案例研究

现有研究多聚焦于大数据对产品研发流程与绩效的影响,对基于经验的产品研发转变为数据驱动的产品研发的转型路径、实现机制与转型范式缺乏理论探讨。本文基于组织惯例适应性变革的整合视角,通过对韩都衣舍的纵向案例研究,提出从基于经验的产品研发转变为数据驱动的产品研发的两阶段转型模型,剖析了数据驱动的产品研发转型的组织惯例适应性变革机制,提出了数据驱动的产品研发转型范式理论模型,对"数据驱动"的内涵进行了创新性阐述。本文从转型路径、实现机制与转型范式3个方面构建了数据驱动的产品研发转型理论,研究结论对数字经济时代数据驱动产品创新的企业实践提供了政策启示。     

责任型领导与企业社会资本建立：怡海公司案例研究

从责任型领导的视角出发,采用案例研究方法探讨了责任型领导如何在考虑各利益相关者的不同需求的基础上,通过积极主动地履行各种社会责任,建立与各利益相关者之间互惠、互信的关系网络,从而形成社会资本,以促进公司的有序、稳定发展;最后,在案例研究的基础上,指出目前的责任型领导理论尚不能很好地解释一些客观现象,提出该理论的未来研究方向,以期对该理论的发展和完善起到一定促进作用.     

大数据时代新型交通服务商业模式的监管——以网约车为例

大数据所带来的高度联通时代使公共出行服务提供在政府与市场(平台企业)原有边界发生移动,并催生网约车平台企业承担部分监管职能。但平台企业的垄断竞争问题性质难判定也带来相应的监管难题,一系列新属性要求建立灵活多样、多元共治的混合监管模式。同时,网约车出行服务商业模式运作的实质表现为不同层面交通资源的汇聚与重组,且存在着新的风险。本文借鉴广州市网约车实现由"经验治理"到"数据治理"的科技监管相关经验,重构我国大数据时代网约车监管的逻辑路径,包括以重复博弈和市场声誉约束机制发挥自律监管的作用、以大数据的信息技术赋能提升政府监管决策能力,以及以法治手段的跟进为前提重构网约车的合作监管等方面来寻求高度联通时代网约车平台企业长远可行的监管和规制之路。     

The Influence of Middle Managers in the Business Planning Process: A Case Study in the UK NHS

The paper takes a processual approach (Mintzberg and Waters, 1985; Pettigrew, Ferlie and McKee, 1992) in conjunction with a typology of middle-management influence upon strategic change (Floyd and Wooldridge, 1992) to investigate the role of middle managers in business planning in the National Health Service (NHS). Over time, as the business planning process becomes increasingly one which adopts a top-down approach, the main influence middle managers have is upon the implementation of deliberate strategic change. Middle managers modify the implementation of deliberate strategy by contesting the performance indicators that form the basis of the business planning framework. In particular they draw upon features of inner and outer context of the organization to question the legitimacy of business planning. However, the findings also show, albeit to a limited extent, that middle managers are purveyors as well as recipients of change. That middle managers can have upward influence has important implications for policy-makers since potentially, middle managers can enjoy an enhanced role and add value to organizations, in this case to patient care. Therefore recent attacks upon their numbers and role may be misplaced. In addition a high degree of central intervention in the NHS generally may be inappropriate, since it militates against an enhanced role for middle managers.     

技术能力演化路径与利基市场选择:MY公司的案例研究

选取一个具有50年发展历史的典型案例开展研究,通过访谈、实地研究、历史与档案数据等研究方法以及3个历史阶段的划分,考察了技术能力与利基市场之间的动态演化关系。根据利基企业在不同阶段的研究,得到了4个结论:①在创业初期(或进入新市场),成功的利基企业选择利用仿制能力,通过差异化进入低竞争和高盈利的产业环节;②进入成长期,利基企业技术能力通过扩散提升,倾向于进入多利基市场;③适度进入多元化市场与企业的技术能力提升呈正相关关系,过度进入多元化市场与企业的技术能力提升呈负相关关系;④进入成熟期,利基企业通过互补性资产的选择和自主创新,获得核心技术能力,收缩并专注于核心利基市场。基于上述结论,归纳出技术能力演化路径与利基市场选择的动态演化模型。     

Using GIS in Risk Analysis: A Case Study of Hazardous Waste Transport

This paper provides an illustration of how a geographic information system (GIS) can be used in risk analysis. It focuses on liquid hazardous waste transport and utilizes records archived by the London Waste Regulatory Authority. This data source provides information on the origin and destination of each waste stream, but not the route followed during transport. A GIS was therefore employed to predict the paths used, taking into account different routing criteria and characteristics of the available road network. Details were also assembled on population distribution and ground-water vulnerability, thus providing a basis for evaluating the potential consequences of a waste spillage during transport. Four routing scenarios were implemented to identify sections of road which consistently saw heavy traffic. These simulations also highlighted that some interventions could lead to risk tradeoffs rather than hazard mitigation. Many parts of the research would not have been possible without a GIS, and the study demonstrates the considerable potential of such software in environmental risk assessment and management.     

市场导向内涵与执行随企业成长阶段演变的规律——基于中兴通讯的案例研究

基于中兴通讯在竞争激烈的通信设备行业不断克服管理危机从跟随者成长为全球领先者的案例,从动态角度探讨了市场导向内涵及其执行随企业成长阶段演变的规律。研究结论如下:①随着企业成长阶段的变化,市场导向内涵从市场创新与模仿竞争者导向的市场驱动理念向顾客与竞争平衡导向的驱动市场理念转变;②执行市场导向的组织变革特征受企业不同发展阶段管理危机的影响,而在集权与分权、自主与协调间反复,但组织成熟度呈螺旋式上升;③顾客后向影响供应商的主动创新特征使市场导向内涵中的市场驱动理念包括适应市场和"OEM"协作,驱动市场理念包括引导市场和"共生互动"的内容;④市场不确定性对企业市场导向执行结果产生影响,这也解释了同一行业内企业市场导向与经营绩效之间并非简单的线性关系。     

Science for Policy: A Case Study of Scientific Polarization,Values, and the Framing of Risk and Uncertainty

It is well documented that more research can lead to hardened positions, particularly when dealing with complex, controversial, and value‐laden issues. This study is an attempt to unveil underlying values in a contemporary debate, where both sides use scientific evidence to support their argument. We analyze the problem framing, vocabulary, interpretation of evidence, and policy recommendations, with particular attention to the framing of nature and technology. We find clear differences between the two arguments. One side stress that there is no evidence that the present approach is causing harm to humans or the environment, does not ruminate on uncertainties to that end, references nature's ability to handle the problem, and indicates distrust in technological solutions. In contrast, the other side focuses on uncertainties, particularly the lack of knowledge about potential environmental effects and signals trust in technological development and human intervention as the solution. Our study suggests that the two sides’ diverging interpretations are tied to their perception of nature: vulnerable to human activities versus robust and able to handle human impacts. The two sides also seem to hold diverging views of technology, but there are indications that this might be rooted in their perception of governance and economy rather than about technology per se. We conclude that there is a need to further investigate how scientific arguments are related to worldviews, to see how (if at all) worldview typologies can help us to understand how value‐based judgments are embedded in science advice, and the impact these have on policy preferences.     

经济增长和环境质量相容性政策条件——环境技术进步方向视角下的政策偏向效应检验

现有文献关注政策规制的经济与环境绩效,却并未重视不同类型政策的技术偏向,以及技术偏态情境中经济增长和环境质量相容发展的政策条件。本文扩展Acemoglu等(2012)的环境技术进步方向模型,数理演绎不同性质政策的技术偏向,以及技术进步方向转变时经济增长和环境质量的动态演化过程,再结合我国经济数据进行政策效果评价。研究结果发现:(1)环境技术进步方向是技术研发效率和环境政策累积作用的结果,环境政策会通过影响不同类型技术创新激励的方式,改变环境技术进步方向。(2)异质性政策转变技术进步方向,影响经济增长和环境质量,其作用存在不同的着力点和偏向性。其中,研发补贴政策的清洁技术偏向和产出激励效果明显,而规制类政策的环境质量效应优于研发补贴,但其对经济增长的作用表现出非线性U型特征。(3)单一政策干预往往难以破除经济增长和环境质量的两难困境,而政策组合的效果明显优于单一政策,特别是在碳排放权交易试点地区实施研发补贴政策,以及在碳排放权交易试点地区同时实行环境税与研发补贴,效果明显优于实施单一政策。但最优的政策组合并非固定不变,而往往处于动态变化过程中。     

危机领导力的理论模型构建:基于中国机长刘传健案例的质性研究

基于领导力的视角并围绕中国机长刘传健的典型案例,通过收集新闻媒体报道,以及对刘传健本人深度访谈、对管理人员访谈和对专业人员访谈共4类案例研究数据,采用经典扎根理论对转录后近29万字的案例资料进行编码,构建了危机领导力的概念和结构,最终提出了危机领导力六力(FLIGHT)模型,以此探索危机应对与管理的有效模式。研究结果发现,危机领导力包含6个维度:预警力、担当力、信念力、驾驭力、凝聚力和成长力。最后,将该模型同已有的危机管理模型进行了比较和分析,并讨论了研究结果的理论意义以及对危机中组织管理的实践启示。     

Managing Functional Biases in Organizational Forecasts: A Case Study of Consensus Forecasting in Supply Chain Planning

To date, little research has been done on managing the organizational and political dimensions of generating and improving forecasts in corporate settings. We examine the implementation of a supply chain planning process at a consumer electronics company, concentrating on the forecasting approach around which the process revolves. Our analysis focuses on the forecasting process and how it mediates and accommodates the functional biases that can impair the forecast accuracy. We categorize the sources of functional bias into intentional, driven by misalignment of incentives and the disposition of power within the organization, and unintentional, resulting from informational and procedural blind spots. We show that the forecasting process, together with the supporting mechanisms of information exchange and elicitation of assumptions, is capable of managing the potential political conflict and the informational and procedural shortcomings. We also show that the creation of an independent group responsible for managing the forecasting process, an approach that we distinguish from generating forecasts directly, can stabilize the political dimension sufficiently to enable process improvement to be steered. Finally, we find that while a coordination system—the relevant processes, roles and responsibilities, and structure—can be designed to address existing individual and functional biases in the organization, the new coordination system will in turn generate new individual and functional biases. The introduced framework of functional biases (whether those biases are intentional or not), the analysis of the political dimension of the forecasting process, and the idea of a coordination system are new constructs to better understand the interface between operations management and other functions.     

基于学习的孵化器与创投协同知识创造资源共享研究

将学习因素纳入科技企业孵化器与创投多阶段协同知识创造资源共享的微观机制,建立孵化器与创投多阶段重复主从博弈模型,研究学习因素、税收强度、财政返还、创投股权对维系孵化器与创投协同知识(信息)合作的作用,以及孵化器的最优参与度和双方总的最优投入.研究发现,当孵化器与创投进行知识(信息)协同创造后从创业项目获取收益的比例要高于创投时,孵化器参与到与创投的合作.在满足孵化器与创投合作的条件下,孵化器的最优参与度与政府税收强度和财政返还比例正相关,与创投在创业项目中所占股份负相关.孵化器和创投总的最优投入水平与税收强度、财政返还比例、初始学习因素正相关,与创投在项目中所占股份的比例、博弈阶段长度和市场利率负相关.     

政治联系、涉案行为与审计意见——基于上海社保基金案的实证研究

选择上海社保基金案为研究对象,根据2004~2008年年末注册地为上海的上市公司的年报、临时公告和纸质新闻媒体报道资料,手工搜集了关键高管(董事长与总经理)的政治联系数据和公司涉案与否的数据,实证研究了涉案行为与政治联系之间的关系,以及涉案行为在上海社保基金案之前、期间和之后对公司审计意见的影响。研究结果表明,政治联系的上市公司显著地更可能涉案,且在上海社保基金案曝光的2006年,涉案公司被出具非标审计意见的概率显著更高;但若以2006年为基准,在上海社保基金案之前的2004~2005年、之后的2007~2008年,涉案公司被出具非标审计意见的概率显著更低。     

The Role of Operational Capabilities in Enhancing New Venture Survival: A Longitudinal Study

We investigate relationships between operational capabilities and new venture survival. On the basis of operations management and entrepreneurship literature, we develop a contingency framework of operational capabilities especially appropriate at different life phases of a new venture's evolution. We expect that in the first years of a new venture's life, entrepreneurs should emphasize high inventory turnover to preserve working capital, support customer responsiveness, and aid firm adaptability. As new ventures grow, entrepreneurs should emphasize internal working capital generation via larger gross margins to support production ramp‐up. Later, new venture entrepreneurs should emphasize employee productivity to buttress sustainable volume production. We analyze a 6‐year longitudinal sample of 812 Swedish manufacturing new ventures using a gamma frailty‐based Cox regression. The findings show that specific operational capabilities, while always supporting new venture survival, have exceptional influence in specific new venture life phases. The three hypotheses are confirmed, suggesting that higher inventory turnover, gross margin, and employee productivity further increase new venture survival likelihoods, respectively, in the venture's start‐up, growth, and stability phases. This suggests a phased‐capabilities approach to new venture survival. This study contributes to operations management and entrepreneurship theory and practice, and sets a foundation for future research on operations strategy for new ventures.     

基于上市公司高管人员过度自信的股利分配决策模型研究

在现有相关研究成果的基础上,在假设公司高管人员过度自信的条件下,建立恰当数学模型研究上市公司高管人员过度自信对公司股利分配决策和外部融资决策的影响机理。研究结果表明,当上市公司高管人员对未来经营环境比较乐观时,其现金股利分配水平和债务融资数量将随着其过度自信程度的提高而增多;当上市公司高管人员对未来经营环境比较悲观时,其现金股利分配水平和债务融资数量将随着其过度自信程度的提高而减少。上市公司的现金股利分配水平和债务融资数量随着公司股票价格上涨和债务融资利息率上升而减少;股权融资数量随着公司股票价格上涨和债务融资利息率上升而增加。论文研究工作在理论上扩展和深化了Deshmukh、Goe和Howe等人的相关研究成果。