国民经济部门的投入产出分析

投入产出分析,又称投入产出法,是由美国经济学家W.列昂惕夫于1931年首先提出来的,它是通过国民经济中各部门间投入与产出的对应关系来研究经济结构之间依存关系的方法。随着投入产出法的完善,它得到越来越广泛地应用,大到国家、地区,小到企业都可以用投入产出表及数学模型进行经济分析、经济预测、编制经济计划。一、投入产出分析1、技术经济联系分析部门间技术经济联系分析的指标是直接消耗系数与完全消耗系数。直接消耗系数又称投入系数或技术系数,是指某部门生产单位产品对本部门及其它某一部门产品的直接消耗量,它反映了国民经济中有直…     

直接消耗系数和完全消耗系数的意义和计算

电视讲座教材中举了一个投入产出价值表的例子,表的横栏反映各部门产品的分配关系(产出),即每个部门向各生产部门提供的产品量以及最终产品量。纵栏反映各部门生产中的消耗关系(投入),即每个部门消耗各生产部门多少产品量以及消耗了多少活劳动。甲部门向乙部门的分配即乙部门对甲部门的消耗。当我们按纵行研究某一生产部门的消耗结构时,直接消耗系数是很容易计算出来的。现在用电视讲座教材下册第212页表11-4的第二列数字分析工业部门的直接消耗关系,有:     

中国投入产出表直接消耗系数变动研究

本文以中国1987、1992、1997、2002、2005年五张全国投入产出表为分析对象,研究了1987-2005年间中国投入产出表直接消耗系数的变动情况,研究表明：投入产出表直接消耗系数矩阵总体差异程度总体上为下降趋势;直接消耗系数的稳定性和直接消耗系数数值的大小有显著的正相关关系;直接消耗系数差异程度增大的部门主要集中于高科技产业部门,直接消耗系数差异程度减小的部门主要集中于传统产业;1987-2005年,中间总投入比成逐年增加,各个部门的中间投入比的平均值逐年下降,离散程度减小;1987-2005年,三次产业均增加了对第二产业的中间消耗、减小了对第一产业的中间消耗。     

国民经济各部门水资源消耗及用水系数的投入产出分析——2002年投入产出表系列分析报告之五

 摘　　要:本研究以2002年投入产出表为基础，并结合水资源公报、中国环境年鉴等统计资料，对2002年我国国民经济各部门水资源消耗进行了投入产出分析，这是对2002年投入产出表的重要应用之一。本研究结合2002年投入产出表，编制了2002年度国民经济各部门用水分析投入产出表；计算出各部门的用水量及相应的用水系数，并分析了各部门之间的用水相关关系；计算了产品的输入输出对水资源使用的具体影响。主要结论：（1）水资源消耗较大的部门为农业、电力热力生产供应业、化学工业等部门；（2）各部门完全用水系数的差距相对直接用水系数较小，食品制造业、住宿餐饮业等部门对水资源消耗的间接拉动较大；（3）我国水资源出口结构仍不够合理，水资源紧张局势总体上进一步恶化。     

1992-2002年中国产业结构的变化——基于列标尺量模型的分析

 摘　　要:为测定国民经济产业结构的变动，本文创建了一个基于投入产出技术的列标尺量模型。它将部门的结构系数变动分为直接产品消耗系数的变动和增加值结构系数的变动。该模型对中国1992-2002年间部门结构变动作了计算分析，主要结论是这一阶段我国经济结构变动中，农业、煤炭采选业、石油加工和天然气开采业、化学工业、金属制品业、交通运输设备制造业、电子及通信设备制造业及商业饮食业的主要影响因素是增加值结构系数的变动，但直接产品消耗系数对其他工业、建筑业、食品制造和烟草加工及其他社会服务业的影响也逐渐显著，列标尺量模型的提出为产业的规划调整提供了有效的参考依据。     

福建省现代物流产业发展的投入产出分析

文章通过对福建省2002年122个部门投入产出表重新整合,独立出物流业的四大部门投入产出表,计算出各部门的直接消耗系数、列昂惕夫逆阵、直接前向关联指数和直接后向关联指数、影响力和感应度系数、生产诱发系数。从各方面分析了福建省物流业与其他产业的关联关系,并提出加快发展该省现代物流产业的途径。     

第二讲 投入产出表的基本结构

国民经济统计核算体系,一般采用平衡表形式,投入产出表则采用矩阵。矩阵是一个行和列都由若干个部门组成的矩形数字表,行代表生产部门,列代表消耗部门,行和列相交的数字,反映消费部门对生产部门的需要、生产部门对消费部门的供给。采用矩阵形式的投入产出表,人们还不熟悉。其实,投入产出     

一种数据挖掘方法在投入产出分析中的应用

投入产出分析的核心是直接消耗系数矩阵。传统的投入产出分析直接认定部门之间是紧密联系的,并将各部门平等看待,再根据直接消耗系数和其他引申出来的系数进行分析。本文则试图利用数据挖掘中事务性数据的分析方法—关联规则挖掘,结合我国1997年的投入产出表,分析各部门间的关联程度,藉以挖掘出一些新的信息。     

物流业与中国经济发展关系的实证分析

本文运用投入产出等数量分析技术和全国最新的投入产出数据,计算了我国物流业的直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、影响力系数和感应度系数。然后,利用这些数据对我国物流业与国民经济各部门和产业之间的联系及其在国民经济发展中的作用和影响进行了实证研究,结果表明当前我国物流业对我国经济发展贡献巨大。同时,区域物流发展的不平衡性也是引发区域经济差距的主要原因。最后,对我国物流业当前存在的问题提出了一些政策建议。     

福建省金融服务业的投入产出分析

通过对福建省2005年122个部门投入产出表重新计算整合,得到12个产业部门投入产出表,计算出相关部门的直接消耗系数、直接前向关联指数和直接后向关联指数、完全需要系数、影响力和感应度系数、生产诱发系数,从各方面分析了福建省金融服务业与其他产业的关联关系,并提出加快发展该省金融服务业的途径。     

Clustering for contingency tables: boxes and partitions

The correspondence analysis (CA) method appears to be an effective tool for analysis of interrelations between rows and columns in two-way contingency data. A discrete version of the method, box clustering, is developed in the paper using an approximation version of the CA model extended to the case when CA factor values are required to be Boolean. Several properties of the proposed SEFIT-BOX algorithm are proved to facilitate interpretation of its output. It is also shown that two known partitioning algorithms (applied within row or column sets only) could be considered as locally optimal algorithms for fitting the model, and extensions of these algorithms to a simultaneous row and column partitioning problem are proposed.     

Measure of Asymmetry for Square Contingency Tables Having Ordered Categories

For the analysis of square contingency tables with nominal categories, Tomizawa and coworkers have considered measures that represent the degree of departure from symmetry. This paper proposes a measure that represents the degree of asymmetry for square contingency tables with ordered categories (instead of those with nominal categories). The measure proposed is expressed using the Cressie–Read power-divergence or Patil–Taillie diversity index, defined for the cumulative probabilities that an observation falls in row (column) category i or below and column (row) category j (> i ) or above. The measure depends on the order of listing the categories. It should be useful for comparing the degree of asymmetry in several tables with ordered categories. The relationship between the measure and the normal distribution is shown.     

CONSTRUCTION OF RESOLVABLE ROW-COLUMN DESIGNS BASED ON CONTRACTIONS

This paper defines the contraction of a resolvable row‐column design for more than two replicates. It shows that the (M,S)‐optimality criterion for the row‐column designs can be expressed simply in terms of the elements of the row and column incidence matrices of the contraction. This allows the development of a very fast algorithm to construct optimal or near‐optimal resolvable row‐column designs. The performance of such an algorithm is compared with an existing algorithm.     

Marginal inhomogeneity models for square contingency tables with nominal categories

For the analysis of square contingency tables with nominal categories, this paper proposes two kinds of models that indicate the structure of marginal inhomogeneity. One model states that the absolute values of log odds of the row marginal probability to the corresponding column marginal probability for each category i are constant for every i. The other model states that, on the condition that an observation falls in one of the off-diagonal cells in the square table, the absolute values of log odds of the conditional row marginal probability to the corresponding conditional column marginal probability for each category i are constant for every i. These models are used when the marginal homogeneity model does not hold, and the values of parameters in the models are useful for seeing the degree of departure from marginal homogeneity for the data on a nominal scale. Examples are given.     

Diagonal uniform association symmetry modelsfor cumulative probabilities in square tables

For the analysis of square contingency tables with ordered categories, Tomizawa (1991) considered the diagonal uniform association symmetry (DUS) model, which has a multiplicative form for cell probabilities and has the structure of uniform association in the tables constructed using two diagonals that are equidistant from the main diagonal. This paper proposes another DUS model which has a similar multiplicative form for cumulative probabilities. The model indicates that the odds that an observation will fall in row category i or below and column category i+k or above, instead of in column category i or below and row category i+k or above, increase (decrease) exponentially as the cutpoint i increases for a fixed k. Examples are given.     

Bayesian clustering for row effects models

We deal with two-way contingency tables having ordered column categories. We use a row effects model wherein each interaction term is assumed to have a multiplicative form involving a row effect parameter and a fixed column score. We propose a methodology to cluster row effects in order to simplify the interaction structure and to enhance the interpretation of the model. Our method uses a product partition model with a suitable specification of the cohesion function, so that we can carry out our analysis on a collection of models of varying dimensions using a straightforward MCMC sampler. The methodology is illustrated with reference to simulated and real data sets.     

SECOND ORDER ASYMPTOTIC COMPARISON OF ESTIMATORS UNDER UNIVERSAL DOMINATION CRITERION

The main purpose of this paper is to formulate theories of universal optimality, in the sense that some criteria for performances of estimators are considered over a class of loss functions. It is shown that the difference of the second order terms between two estimators in any risk functions is expressed as a form which is characterized by a peculiar value associated with the loss functions, which is referred to as the loss coefficient. This means that the second order optimal problem is completely characterized by the value of the loss coefficient. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of change of the loss coefficient, the relationship between two estimators is classified into six types. On the basis of this classification, the concept of universal second order admissibility is introduced. Some sufficient conditions are given to determine whether any estimators are universally admissible or not.     

A class of saturated row–column designs

A new class of row–column designs is proposed. These designs are saturated in terms of eliminating two-way heterogeneity with an additive model. The (m,s)-criterion is used to select optimal designs. It turns out that all (m,s)-optimal designs are binary. Square (m,s)-optimal designs are constructed and they are treatment-connected. Thus, all treatment contrasts are estimable regardless of the row and column effects.     

Tail index varying coefficient model

This paper deals with a new class of tail index varying coefficient models with the random covariate under Pareto-type distributions. To estimate the unknown coefficient functions, we develop an estimation procedure via a local polynomial maximum likelihood techniques. The asymptotic normality of the estimated coefficient functions under some mild regularity conditions are established. Two numerical examples and one application are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed procedure.