西部民族地区的可持续发展

2000年,我国人均国内生产总 值为7078元,而西部地区的人均国 内生产总值仅为4699元,只有全国 平均水平的66.4％。要实现2020年 的全国建设小康社会头20年的奋斗 目标,即全国国内生产总值比2000 年翻两番,人均国内生产总值由 7078元提高到24648元,西部地区任 务艰巨。在实施西部大开发战略过 程中实现西部地区的跨越式发展刻 不容缓,与跨越式发展相伴随,可持 续发展在西部地区发展过程中也具 有十分重要的地位。     

西部民族地区体育旅游可持续发展研究

体育旅游作为西部民族地区旅游业的一支重要力量,在西部大开发等国家战略的持续带动下取得了一定成就,促进了地域经济的大发展。西部民族地区虽然拥有丰富的特色体育旅游资源,但从整体上看体育旅游还处在起步阶段,其自身还有诸多不成熟、不完善的地方,尽管外在层面有不少发展机遇,但面临的威胁或挑战不容乐观。我们在对西部民族地区体育旅游进行SWOT分析的基础上,指出其可持续发展的重要性,并就其发展对策提出几点粗浅建议。     

西部少数民族地区可持续发展探讨

一、“可持续发展”概念的内涵“可持续发展”（SustainableDevelopment）这一概念提出后,引起了各国普遍重视。尽管人们对这一概念的内涵,重点及其它问题认识尚未统一,但是有一点是大家明确的,提出可持续发展这个概念的立足点,是强调经济发展要与自然生态环境用协调,要与社会文化相协调;强调发展的整体性、和谐性,既要考虑到当代入的需要,又要考虑到后代人的需要;既要考虑到本地局部利益,又要着眼于全局、全国、整个地球的保护。所以可持续发展就是指人类与自然环境能够长久地共存共荣、持续不断的发展。可持续发展包含三个方面…     

加强西部民族地区生态环境保护法制建设促进西部可持续发展

我国是一个幅员辽阔，多民族的社会主义国家。西部地区主要为少数民族聚居区，少数民族人口占全国总人口的8．04％。在全国960万平方公里的国土面积中，民族地区达612万平方公里，占国土总面积的64。3％。民族地区有着丰富的自然资源和物产资源。在我国具有极其重要的战略地位。实施西部大开发，是新形势下进一步维护国家统一、社会稳定和安全，缩小东西部差距，     

西部民族地区人力资源开发问题探索

我国实施西部大开发战略,特别是加入WTO后,西部民族地区人力资源开发问题的重要性就日趋明显了。针对西部民族地区人力资源的现状,应采取相应的措施,加大人力资源开发的力度,注重民族人才的培养及外部人才的引进,使西部民族地区人力资源的存量和流量得到有效的使用和发挥,促进西部民族地区社会经济的发展。     

西部少数民族地区承接东部地区产业转移问题研究

本文结合我国西部少数民族地区承接东部地区产业转移的现状,总结出目前我国西部少数民族地区承接产业转移的主要模式,并在此基础上剖析西部少数民族地区承接东部地区产业转移的经济效应,最后提出了若干对策建议。     

西部少数民族地区贫困问题新解

西部少数民族地区是一个笼统的概念,具体包括新疆、宁夏、广西、内蒙古、西藏5个自治区和少数民族相对较多的云南、贵州、青海3个省共计8个省区。我国55个少数民族有52个主要分布在西部8个省区。全国超过100万人口的18个少数民族中有壮、满、回、苗、维吾尔、彝、土家、蒙古、藏、布依、侗、瑶、白、哈尼、哈萨克、傣16个民族居住在这些地区。全国154个民族自治地方分布在西部的有115个,占75%,30个自治州有27个分布在西部地区,占90%;119个自治县（旗）有83个分布在西部,占自治县总数的69.75%。进入新世纪以来,我国的贫困人口越来越集中于西部少数民族地区,而且这些地区的贫困问题呈现出一些新的特点。     

少数民族习惯法与西部民族地区小康社会建设问题研究

少数民族习惯法对西部民族地区小康社会建设具有不可忽视的促进或制约作用。为了切实保障西部民族地区小康社会建设的顺利进行,在民族法制建设过程中,少数民族习惯法应得到充分重视。     

西部地区小康社会建设中的民族关系问题

本文认为,西部民族地区加快全面建设小康社会和民族关系是一对既相互对立又相互统一、相互影响的重要因素。认识到经济社会发展和民族关系之间的这种互动关系,是我们实施西部大开发和在西部地区全面建设小康社会首先要考虑的问题。因而在小康社会建设中,首先应该正确区分经济问题和民族问题,不能因为经济问题涉及到民族成员而使一般的经济问题的解决带上民族问题的色彩;其次是应该加强宣传和教育引导,树立正确的国家观、平等的民族观;再其次是西部民族地区要确立正确的发展观;最后,应该建立有效的民族关系预警和防御机制,保证西部大开发与西部民族地区全面建设小康社会有一个稳定的社会环境。     

西部开发与贵州民族地区生态问题

西部大开发作为我国面向新世纪所作出的重大决策 ,生态环境问题是其切入点和突破口。文章分析了贵州民族地区生态环境面临的诸多问题 ,阐述了在西部开发中加快贵州民族地区生态环境建设的对策思路 ,提出需要强化可持续发展观 ,把消除贫困与经济建设、人口控制和生态环境保护利用相结合 ;调整利益格局和帮扶方式 ;加大对外开放 ,争取政策、资金、技术的支持和协作 ;完善民族自治地方法规体系 ,促进经济社会与生态环境的协调发展     

西部少数民族地区经济发展问题研讨会纪实

我国西部少数民族地区经济发展问题研讨会于七月十八日至二十四日在新疆乌鲁木齐市举行。出席这次会议的有来自新疆、北京等十二个省市、自治区十六个民族的代表九十余人。国家民委主任司马义·艾买提、副主任、中国少数民族经济研究会会长赵延年、中纪委委员、原国家民委顾问文正一、新疆维吾尔自治区副主席金云辉等同志出席了这次会议。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

西部民族地区全面建设小康社会问题初探

要:我国全面建设小康社会的重点和难点在西部民族地区。本文探讨了推进西部民族地区小康社会建设步伐的重大意义,分析了优劣势环境,提出了西部民族地区全面建设小康社会的重点方向。     

西部民族地区可再生能源发展研究

The biggest challenge for China’s energy is sustainability of the environment. Espe-cially in recent years, global warming, frequent natural disasters, and the serious reduction of the natural resources and energy are gravely affecting normal production and mankind’s existence. Burn-ing large amounts of fossil fuel produces green-house gases and polluted soot. The development and utilization of renewable energy is extremely ur-gent. In other words, renewable energy sources must grow briskly. Under the guidance of the na-tional policy of the“13 th Five Year Plan”, the de-velopment and utilization of renewable energy sources in the Western Minority Areas must be strengthened based on local conditions, by paying attention to relevant personnel training, and en-couraging innovation and entrepreneurship so that the development of local renewable energy sources can reach a new level.     

西部民族地区投资环境分析

在实施“西部大开发战略”中 ,必须注意投资环境。西部民族地区投资环境有利有弊 ,在资源开发过程中 ,一方面扬长避短 ,同时还要在优化、改善投资环境上花大力气     

西部民族地区经济发展模式分析

当前,针对东西之间差距正在拉大的“马太效应”,很多学者纷纷提出“两步论”、“梯度论”、“反梯度论”和“多层次波浪式的发展论”等对策。①幅员广大的少数民族地区经济社会发展速度落后、与东部沿海地区差距拉大的现状以及上述种种对策理论及其它一些调查研究的报告都给我们展示了一个重要的事实,即我们在国家现代化建设过程中,做了积极而有益的探索。但对少数民族地区的经济、文化、心理的历史与现状还缺乏科学的正确认识,对西部民族地区在奔向现代化的历史征途中也还缺乏既有事实根据又有科学理论指导的目标与构想。     

民族地区可持续发展路径探讨

可持续发展代表一种新的价值观,其核心理念是可持续性,强调社会、经济、环境的协调发展.我国民族地区的生态资源优势、伦理文化优势和民族区域自治的政治优势为实现可持续发展提供了良好的条件.本文研究了民族地区实现可持续发展的途径,提出了发扬少数民族文化,培育"生态公民"意识,发展特色循环经济等对策.     

民族地区图书馆要可持续发展

全国人均４０万人一个图书馆,在民族地区则是十几万人一个图书馆,高出全国人均公共图书馆占有率的2.7倍;全国8.1％的少数民族人口却拥有１３％的图书馆和情报信息机构,远远超出全国人均占有标准;当然,这些数字和成绩并不是衡量图书馆事业发展的全部标准──     

民族地区教育可持续发展小议

进入新世纪以来,民族地区迎来了教育大发展的春天,但随之也产生了一系列亟待解决的问题。