乡镇企业面临的挑战与对策

近20年来,乡镇企业异军突起,为大量农业剩余劳动力找到了出路,而且为国家工业化与农村现代化开辟了一条独特的道路。在新形势下,乡镇企业能否持续发展,直接关系到农村经济繁荣与社会稳定的大局。当前,乡镇企业既显现新的发展态势,同时也存在一些亟待解决的难题。乡镇企业面临的问题1.乡镇企业的产权制度不清晰,从而导致经营机制退化目前,中国多数乡镇企业实行的并不是现代企业产权制度,而是一种吸收了国有企业体制、人民公社体制、农村家族体制等方面的因素,揉合而成的集体所有制产权制度。这种产权制度导致私有物品公共化,从而导致乡镇企业…     

浅议强化乡镇企业审计

改革开放20多年来,乡镇企业对推动我国农村经济乃至整个国民经济的发展起到了不可估量的作用。但随着市场经济体制的确立,尤其是我国加入W T O以后,乡镇企业面临更大挑战。要保证乡镇企业在市场经济体制下求生存、求发展,就必须加强管理、监督和整顿,促进其规范化发展。审计作为一项独立的监督活动,是加强对乡镇企业宏观调控和管理的重要手段,因而有必要实施和强化乡镇企业审计,使之在今后的经济活动中更好地发挥监督服务作用,促进乡镇企业更快、更高地发展。本文拟就强化乡镇企业审计的必要性及措施作初步探讨。乡镇企业审计的概念和特点…     

乡镇企业发展面临的困境与应对策略

乡镇企业目前正处在一个新的重要时期,外部环境和自身情况都发生了深刻变化,总体上面临着十分有利的发展条件和非常难得的发展机遇,同时也遇到了一些前所未有的困难和挑战。因此,如何因势利导,克服困难,抢得先机,运用新型工业化的战略,加快乡镇企业的结构调整、技术升级和制度创新,实现乡镇企业的全面二次创业是当前农村经济工作的重要任务。     

《乡镇企业法》有无继续存在的必要

中国的乡镇企业是随着特定的历史环境而发展起来的。在经过快速的增长之后,乡镇企业本身发生了分化。乡镇企业的主体由乡镇集体企业转变为个体、私有企业,企业组织形式也转变为业主制、合作制和公司制并存。目前的乡镇企业与“三农”正逐步脱离联系,演化为一般意义上的企业。有关一般企业法律、法规和行政条例当然也适用于乡镇企业,因而《乡镇企业法》已经没有继续存在的必要。     

对乡镇企业项目投资问题的思考

随着改革开放步伐的加快,要努力实现小康社会的宏伟目标,就必须全面发展和振兴农村经济。作为农村经济重要支柱的乡镇企业需要与时俱进,加快发展,充分发挥其对农村经济乃至整个国民经济发展所起的重要促进作用。就目前情况来看,我国农村乡镇企业呈现出数量多、分布广、规模小等特点,以劳动密集型、家庭作坊式为主的企业比重较大,资本和技术构成偏低,产品的附加值较小,企业可持续发展能力较弱。要改变这一现状,使乡镇企业上规模、上技术,积极谋求乡镇企业项目投资是一条必由之路。乡镇企业项目投资存在的问题项目投资是指经济主体为获得未来…     

坚定不移地推进乡镇企业改革和发展

在全国农业工作会议上,温家宝同志在讲话中讲到乡镇企业时强调:“加快农村富余劳动力转移,是增加农民收入的重要途径。从我国国情出发,转移农村劳动力要广开门路,多渠道并举。”“要大力发展农村二三产业和多种经营,拓展农村的就业领域。现在乡镇企业的发展面临不少困难,各地要支持乡镇企业搞好结构调整、技术改造,加快体制创新,提高发展水平,特别要支持乡镇企业发展农产品加工业和服务业,培育新的经济增长点,为农民创造新的就业机会。”胡锦涛总书记在讲话中,三次讲到乡镇企业。第一次是在讲到“把解决好农业、农村和农民问题作为全党工作…     

乡镇企业二次创业可走绿色产业之路

随着我国经济体制改革的不断发展,乡镇企业原先的强劲发展势头逐渐放缓,出现了经济效益下滑,企业发展停滞不前的困难局面。在我国加入世贸组织的新时期,乡镇企业要增强经济竞争力,走出困境,实现二次创业,必须实施新的发展战略。而就乡镇企业自身的特点,走绿色产业发展之路不失为一种可行性选择。乡镇企业实施绿色生产的现实意义1.乡镇企业本身生产的需要。乡镇企业基础差、起步晚,人、财、物力量有限,在与国有大中型企业及其他类型企业的竞争上相对处于弱势地位。其产品的生产更多是立足于农村,很多是对农业初级产品的再加工和深加工。乡镇…     

试论乡镇企业的发展趋势

提起乡镇企业,它满载着辉煌。然而,在发展的历程中,它也遇上了无数的障碍,经历了诸如“一次创业”、“二次创业”的历史闯关。乡镇企业的传统优势本来是机制灵活,“船小好调头”,然而,随着卖方市场向买方市场的转变,高新技术产业化进程的加快,经济全球化和竞争国际化趋势的增强,乡镇企业不仅受到我国传统农业和现代工业的双重压力,而且也受到自身活力衰减和技术落后的双重困扰。近年来出现了发展速度减慢、出口增幅下降、吸纳劳动力速度放慢等亟需解决的问题。此时,社会上出现了诸如“改名论”、“过时论”、“脱农论”、“替代论”和“假冒…     

乡镇企业发展趋势的调查分析

进入市场经济以后，市场供求关系、经济体制环境和对外经济关系发生了重大变化，我国已加入WTO，国家正在实施西部大开发战略，我国乡镇企业发展面临新的机遇和严峻挑战，正处于结构调整、体制创新和素质提高的重要时期。把握乡镇企业发展的大趋势，对今后一个时期乡镇企业发展的大方向进行定位十分必要。     

建立乡镇企业法律咨询服务体系必须解决几个认识问题

法律咨询服务体系是市场经济条件下社会化服务体系的一个重要方面,它既是沟通政府和企业之间的桥梁,又是市场经济在法制条件下运行的一个重要条件。随着我国市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善,我国法律咨询服务体系也逐步形成,在社会经济生活中发挥着日益重要的作用。但是,不能不看到,与市场经济体制推进的速度相比,法律咨询服务体系的建设还是非常滞后的。对乡镇企业系统来说,这一体系的建设,甚至是一张白纸。乡镇企业法律服务体系建设严重滞后,是和我们对乡镇企业的认识有关系的,特别是和我们对乡镇企业的特殊性、乡镇企业在新时期的历史地位…     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

“吸毒人员未成年子女监护问题”研讨会综述

针对吸毒人员对其未成年子女的监护不力或监护缺失的现状，深入探讨了终止、剥夺乃至转移吸毒人员监护权的问题。涉及到监护权转移实践方面的问题，与会专家提出了临时监护人，短、长期寄养家庭，机构性质的儿童之家，儿童福利院等多种监护权转移方案。对一些存有疑义的问题，则是需要系统研究、统筹规划的新课题。     

Mobility of students and attractiveness of universities. The case of Sapienza University of Rome

Human mobility is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. While labour migration has been widely and deeply investigated – through theoretical and empirical analysis – other forms of mobility have received much less attention. Students' mobility is a peculiar form of temporary movement that can be considered as neither migration nor tourism. It is rapidly growing: in the period 1975–2005 the number of tertiary education students abroad increased fourfold, from 0.61 million to 2.73 million, following the trend of the internationalization of economy and globalization of culture. In 2009 almost 3.7 million tertiary students were enrolled outside their country of origin, an increase of more than 6% from the previous year.

In this paper we analyse the international mobility of university students, using a unique data set built through surveys conducted at the Sapienza University of Rome. The data collected cover a rich array of information on students' characteristics and backgrounds, provenance places, family conditions, individual aspirations, and job preferences. The empirical analysis of those data offers an opportunity for understanding a relevant part of mobility decisions of (prospective) highly qualified workers. The Sapienza University, moreover, is at present the largest university in Europe for number of students and a pole of attraction for both European and non-European students. This allows us to enlarge our analysis at a global level.