多重认同视角下的新生代农民工组织公平感与工作嵌入关系研究

以在中国大陆企业工作的新生代民工为对象,围绕其多重认同的独特性,采用调查问卷获取相关数据并借助多元线性分析模型进行研究分析。研究发现,新生代农民工对农民、工人和组织3种身份的认知程度不同,组织公平感对工作嵌入的促进作用也随之不同,解决多重认同困扰的关键在于彰显员工的组织认同。研究结论从个体层面拓展了工作嵌入的前因变量研究模型,并为企业管理者如何帮助新生代农民工融入企业,在组织中谋得长远发展提供了较为可行的路径。     

关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效——基于行为视角的实证研究

大多数研究认为,善于利用社会关系网络的创业者更可能收获更高的新企业绩效,但对关系资源在促进新企业绩效中的角色并没有引起足够重视.针对这一问题,本文考察了创业者所利用的关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效之间的逻辑联系,以及资源获取行为对该作用过程的中介作用.研究发现:在创业过程中,越丰富利用关系资源的创业者更容易整合到更丰裕的创业资源,从而提升新企业绩效.尽管所利用关系强度更高的创业者往往能以更快的速度获取创业资源,但并不能确保创业者能够迅速应付创业初期的资源需求,并不会改善新企业绩效.本文的主要理论贡献在于嵌入到行为层面揭示了社会资本改善新企业绩效的作用机制及资源获取的中介作用,发现网络嵌入性资源是有助于解释新企业绩效差异的重要变量,这是对已有文献的重要补充.     

新企业网络导向如何影响其创业导向

作为战略管理与创业管理的交叉领域,创业导向研究日益成为学界关注的热点,而受到"新生弱性"困扰的新创企业往往缺乏必要的资源基础和实力,尤其在中国经济转型背景下,如何通过外部关系网络来增强创业导向成为新企业面临的关键难题。结合社会网络理论与组织学习理论,对网络导向影响创业导向的内在过程进行剖析,发现网络嵌入机制和创业学习机制是影响新企业网络导向与创业导向关系的两种主要机制。运用多层次回归分析的方法实证研究新企业网络导向影响其创业导向的影响机理,结果显示:(1)网络导向与创业导向之间呈倒U型关系;(2)新企业的网络嵌入与创业学习在"网络导向-创业导向"主效应中能起到正向调节作用,不过其中的利用性创业学习调节作用不显著;(3)网络嵌入与创业学习之间存在一定的匹配互补性,其中关系嵌入与利用性学习、结构嵌入与探索性学习具有显著的协同调节效应。本文研究深化了网络与学习双重视角下的创业导向前因理论研究,研究结论有助于新企业把握网络导向影响创业导向的内在规律,从而指导新企业对网络嵌入与创业学习行为进行科学规划。     

创业者的工作家庭冲突——基于角色转型的视角

本研究从角色转型的视角探讨了创建新企业的过程中,创业活动的推进是否会促发创业与家庭事务间冲突的问题.基于身份理论,本文提出在创建新企业的早期阶段,创业者会经历角色分离、角色调整与新角色生成等角色转型过程,其中伴随的身份模糊感,是创业情境下引发工作家庭冲突的独特压力源,并呈现出先升后降的变化.因此,创业进程与工作家庭冲突水平之间呈现出一种倒U型关系.同时,创业者感知到其所在地区对创业活动的社会支持程度会弱化创业过程与工作家庭冲突间的曲线关系.基于中国创业动态跟踪调查的201个新生企业的实证研究支持了假设.本研究拓展了蓬勃发展的家庭嵌入视角下的创业研究,识别出创业情境区别组织情境下引发工作家庭冲突的独特诱因,以及社会支持对于缓解创业者的角色转型压力与工作家庭冲突的作用.研究结论为创业者的职业转型与家庭关系维护提供了建议,并在宏观上启发有关创业生态系统建设的探讨     

"义利并重":中国古典企业的共同体式身股激励——基于晋商乔家字号的案例研究

以股东利益至上为治理逻辑的现代股权激励制度,具有物质报酬本位和短期行为色彩,难以从根本上打造企业与员工的利益共同体.如何避免股权激励中的机会主义行为并长期激发员工的组织认同感以促进企业可持续发展,是现代企业面临的重要治理难题.基于社会嵌入理论,本研究运用建构扎根理论对乔家字号身股激励进行理论挖掘,乔家字号以儒家共同体思想为社会价值观基础,以儒家义利观为商业伦理,将情感、信任等社会因素嵌入于经济组织之中,其身股激励形成了构建"地缘文化共同体—社会身份共同体—经济利益共同体"的生成路径,在此基础上抽象出中国古典企业的共同体式身股激励以"价值生成—制度耦合—利益强化"为逻辑进路的内在机理.本研究深化了对于中国古典企业股权激励制度的认识,对于修正股权激励以物质利益为本位进行理性计算的制度逻辑,从社会嵌入角度改进企业治理方式和员工持股办法具有启发意义,有助于解决员工激励的稳定性、综合性与长期性问题.     

供应商网络形态构念及实证研究

依据嵌入性理论,从结构嵌入、关系嵌入、认知嵌入和规范嵌入4个层面,对制造企业供应商网络形态构念进行理论分析,归纳并初步提取制造企业供应商网络形态构念的主要要素.在此基础上结合企业访谈,开发供应商网络形态构念的测量工具.以中国制造企业为研究对象,进行大样本问卷调查,利用SPSS软件对回收的有效问卷进行探索性因子分析,得出供应商网络形态构念的5个维度,利用SPSS和AMOS软件对由该5个维度组成的供应商网络形态测量量表进行检验.研究结果表明,供应商网络形态测量量表具有较好的信度和效度,供应商网络形态由认知一致性、组织之间关系、协调机制、网络位置和网络结构5个维度组成.研究开发的供应商网络形态测量量表实现了对供应商网络形态构念的定量测量,为制造企业供应商网络形态的研究提供可借鉴的测量工具,有利于对制造企业设计和管理供应商网络问题进行更深入和广泛的研究.     

创新生态系统双重网络嵌入对企业创新的影响机制北大核心CSSCI

随着科技创新活动不断突破地域、组织和技术的界限,创新研究对象由单个企业扩展到创新生态系统。创新生态系统涵盖知识和商业两个层面,其组织间联结形成了复杂交互的网络,但已有研究或囿于知识经济或商业经济某一视域,或侧重于宏观环境或微观个体某一层面,缺乏从社会网络中观视角对创新生态系统中科技与市场联动作用机制的深入探讨。基于社会网络理论,把创新生态系统解构为组织间交互联结而形成的知识网络和商业网络,从网络嵌入视角构筑创新生态系统知识–商业双重网络嵌入分析框架,提出双重网络嵌入及其交互作用对企业创新影响机制的概念模型。结合企业增值税发票数据库、国家知识产权局专利数据库和中国工业企业数据库提取海量多源异构数据,对国家制造强国建设中某重点城市数控机床产业相关企业开展实证研究。利用社会网络分析方法构建150 856家机构的商业网络、48 310家机构的知识网络,获取企业在创新生态系统中的双重网络嵌入信息,并进一步对其中349家核心企业进行负二项回归分析,以对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,创新生态系统知识网络嵌入连通度和支配度对企业技术创新均有显著正向影响,且二者作用效果没有显著性差异;创新生态系统商业网络嵌入支配度对企业技术创新有显著正向影响,但商业网络嵌入连通度对企业技术创新的影响并不显著;创新生态系统知识网络嵌入支配度与商业网络嵌入支配度的交互作用能正向促进企业技术创新,但知识网络与商业网络嵌入连通度的交互作用并不显著。研究结果弥补了已有创新生态系统研究中知识经济与商业经济彼此割裂的缺陷,丰富了创新生态系统中科技与市场联动和协同的理论基础,拓展了创新生态系统作用机制的网络内涵,为中国构筑和完善创新生态系统、促进创新驱动发展提供政策建议。     

机会信念更新视角下新企业转向决策过程——基于不同创始人身份的跨案例研究

新企业转向是创业研究领域的新议题。现有研究聚焦转向驱动因素,对转向决策过程关注不足。本文采取案例研究方法,从机会信念更新视角考察新企业转向决策的一般过程,结合创始人身份视角探究新企业转向决策过程的内在差异。研究发现,新企业转向决策是创始人在问题或新机会驱动下通过机会信念更新实现重新定位的过程,创始人身份解释了案例企业在机会信念更新与转向决策方面的显著差异。本文揭示了新企业转向决策的微观认知机理,拓展了创始人身份对新企业关键决策及适应性的影响研究,有助于启发新企业转向实践。     

知识型员工情绪智力与工作嵌入关系研究

知识型员工在现代企业中扮演着重要角色,知识型员工的工作嵌入更是与其行为有着密切关系。通过对400名知识型员工进行问卷调查,以组织公平为中介变量,研究情绪智力(自我情绪评价、他人情绪评价、情绪运用及情绪控制)对工作嵌入的影响。研究证实:知识型员工情绪智力对工作嵌入具有显著正向影响,其中情绪运用对工作嵌入的影响最为显著;知识型员工情绪智力对组织公平具有显著正向影响,其中情绪控制对组织公平的影响最为显著;组织公平在情绪智力与工作嵌入的关系中起到完全中介作用。     

高管团队特质、战略变革与企业价值关系的理论研究

全面系统地分析了高管团队特质影响战略变革与企业价值关系的理论基础和内在机制,其中理论基础包括高阶理论、代理理论和综合理论;内在机制包括高管团队构成、进程、结构、运作过程及团队成员与任务的融合程度.研究表明,不同的高管团队特质会对企业战略变革及其价值效果形成多种内在作用机制.同时,综合理论既能够考虑高管团队的认知基础和价值观,也兼顾了高管团队在企业治理结构中的位置差异,是理解高管团队特质对战略变革及其企业价值效果作用机制和关系模式的一种理想选择.     

客户关系管理价值链研究

在电子商务时代,以客户为中心的客户关系管理(CRM)成为增强企业核心竞争是客户价值管理,本文对CRM价值链进行了初步探讨,提出了CRM价值链模型,并对CRM价值链的基本阶段及其支持条件进行了深入的分析.     

The management of development— The next decade

In this article the author argues that the last decade of development has proved to be a myth. He suggests that the poor countries have probably been exploited during this period. He believes that ‘aid’ programmes have badly misfired. However he is constructively critical and puts forward guidelines for planning and action. While he acknowledges that the task is huge he believes that we have the potential, given the desire to achieve success.     

项目团队有效性的影响因素界定与实现

本文从项目管理的层面界定了影响项目团队有效性的五个因素即团队价值观、人际互动关系、角色分配、团队领导的能力与团队智慧,这些因素无一不受到项目团队的学习能力的影响,因此,项目团队的学习是提高项目团队有效性的重要途径.由此,本文给出了项目团队的IWRAM学习模式和深度汇谈的具体学习方法.     

Early Retirement: The Case of The Netherlands

ABSTRACT This article takes a closer look at the scope of actual early retirements, reasons for choosing early retirement, the popularity of different types of flexible retirement schemes, and the status of elderly employees within their own organization. It appears that positive reasons for choosing early retirement are more often mentioned by persons in higher professional groups, by those with a higher level of education, and by those who work in the civil service or the service sector. Neutral and negative reasons are mentioned more often by persons in lower professional groups, by those with a lower level of education, and by those working in the industrial sector. Although the motives for opting for early retirement differ, there do not appear to be great differences between categories of respondents if they have been able to choose their age at retirement personally, within specified age limits. Approximately a quarter of the respondents indicated they would leave work at the age of 60, even if this meant a 30% drop in net income.     

The Management of Redundancies in Europe: The Case of Denmark

The paper presents the findings of comparative and interdisciplinary legal and economic study on managing labour redundancies in seven EU member countries. It is structured for comparability between the systems examined. The introductory section contains an account of the evolution of the Danish labour market, with special reference to redundancy trends, of the features of the programmes for managing redundancies, of the roles of firms and the ‘external environment’ in handling workforce adjustments. The second section presents a map of policies that work to prevent labour redundancies (preventive measures) such as flexibility, training etc. Next, the instruments for handling temporary labour redundancies (retentive measures) are examined (e.g. short-time working, temporary layoffs etc.). The following section is devoted to instruments and programmes involved in the management of permanent labour redundancies (expulsive measures), e.g. collective dismissals, severance pay etc. The final section provides an overall assessment of the Danish system for managing labour redundancies, and briefly discusses the national debate on the prospects for reform, in light of the principles and policies of convergence set forth by the European Union.     

The Dynamism of Organizational Practices: The Role of Employment Blueprints

This paper explores how founders’ blueprints affect the dynamism of organizational practices, and in particular the capability to sustain as well as change practices. First, a theoretical argument is developed on the critical role of founders’ blueprints of the employment model, which are difficult to alter and mark firms’ future paths by affecting the dynamism of organizational practices over an extended period of time. Subsequently, case studies of several organizational practices in three management consulting firms in the USA, the Netherlands and the UK illustrate how founders’ conceptions of the employment relationship (i.e. their employment model) affect the way in which competing demands of continuity and renewal are addressed. Moreover, engineering‐ or commitment‐oriented blueprints appear to facilitate the capability to adapt, while autocratic blueprints do not.     

The Management of Redundancies in Europe: The Case of Spain

The paper presents the findings of a comparative and interdisciplinary legal and economic study on managing labour redundancies in seven EU member countries. It is structured for comparability between the systems examined. The introductory section contains an account of the evolution of the Spanish labour market, with special reference to redundancy trends, of the features of the programmes for managing redundancies, of the roles of forms and the ‘external environment’ in handling workforce adjustments. The second section presents a map of policies that work to prevent labour redundancies (preventive measures) such as flexibility, training etc. Next, the instruments for handling temporary labour redundancies (retentive measures) are examined (e.g. short-time working, temporary layoffs etc.) The following section is devoted to instruments and programmes involved in the management of permanent labour redundancies (expulsive measures), e.g. collective dismissals, severance pay etc. The final section provides and overall assessment of the Spanish system for managing labour redundancies, and briefly discusses the national debate on the prospects for reform, in light of the principles and policies of convergence set forth by the European Union.     

The Decline of Deference: The Political Context of Risk Communication

Risk communication is seen as an important adjunct to the process of siting locally noxious facilities. To understand how risk communication might function in such a process, one needs to understand the political context that gives rise to public opposition to such facilities in the first place. This analysis draws on a variety of data to describe the decline of deference, a situation in which a hostile and alienated public is mobilized primarily through ad hoc voluntary organizations, and is increasingly reluctant to defer important decisions to institutional elites. Risk communication programs must be designed to offset the trends that result in the decline of deference. This conclusion differs markedly from the conventional wisdom that risk communication is merely a device for providing information to citizens so sthat they may make more rational decisions.     

The Management of Redundancies in Europe: The Case of Italy

The paper presents the findings of comparative and interdisciplinary legal and economic study on managing labour redundancies in seven EU member countries. It is structured for comparability between the systems examined. The introductory section contains an account of the evolution of the Italian labour market, with special reference to redundancy trends, of the features of the programmes for managing redundancies, of the roles of firms and the ‘external environment’ in handling workforce adjustments. The second section presents a map of policies that work to prevent labour redundancies (preventive measures) such as flexibility, training etc. Next, the instruments for handling temporary labour redundancies (retentive measures) are examined (e.g. short-time working, temporary layoffs etc.). The following section is devoted to instruments and programmes involved in the management of permanent labour redundancies (expulsive measures), e.g. collective dismissals, severance pay etc. The final section provides an overall assessment of the Italian system for managing labour redundancies, and briefly discusses the national debate on the prospects for reform, in light of the principles and policies of convergence set forth by the European Union.