品牌成长过程中价值承诺实现路径研究——基于价值共创视角

品牌是利益相关者之间的一种价值承诺,顾客参与有助于品牌价值承诺的实现。基于品牌成长不同阶段价值承诺与顾客参与的特征差异,构建品牌成长过程中企业与顾客通过品牌价值共创实现价值承诺的主要路径,包括企业主导的品质共创、企业与顾客的服务共创、顾客与企业的信任共创、顾客主导的符号共创四个递进阶段。文章选取江小白、巨鲨医疗和哔哩哔哩三个品牌案例进行分析,验证了理论框架的正确性,为品牌成长提供理论及实践指导。     

企业社会责任的价值创造机制研究

通过对587位企业家的有效调查问卷的实证分析,发现利益相关者响应在企业社区慈善责任对财务价值创造的影响中起到完全中介的作用;在企业内部(或外部)利益相关者责任对财务价值创造的影响,以及企业内部(或外部)利益相关者责任、企业社区慈善责任对非财务价值创造的影响中起到部分中介的作用。企业社会责任与企业财务价值创造的关系中利益相关者沟通不具有调节作用,在内部利益相关者责任、社区慈善责任与企业非财务价值创造的关系中起到调节的作用,而在外部利益相关者责任与企业非财务价值创造的关系中未起到调节的作用。     

中国家族企业成长与社会责任——第四届“创业与家族企业成长”国际研讨会侧记

无论是国内还是国外,从家族企业成长发展角度探索企业社会责任的研究还很少。本文从利益相关者理论角度定义家族企业的社会责任,并认为对家族企业来说,家庭、家族和扩大的家族是重要而特殊的利益相关者,这些家族利益相关者与企业普通的利益相关者之间既有重叠,又有区别的互动关系构成了家族企业社会责任的主要内容。文章以家族企业关系网络的拓展为例探索家族社会责任与企业持续成长之间的关系。文章最后对中国家族企业社会责任的现状和未来发展做了简短评述。     

基于Shapley值法的商务模式创新价值分享

商务模式的价值创造活动正逐步由个体企业的行为演变为主体企业、伙伴和客户的共同努力。只有以合理的价值分享为前提的价值获取才能保证商务模式创新的价值得以持续创造,保证商务模式创新的成功。基于Shapley值法对商务模式创新后的价值增值在主体企业和其他利益相关者之间进行分享,比较各个参与主体价值增值的大小,得到合理价值分享的条件。研究结果表明,对商务模式创新没有直接贡献的利益相关者也可能分享到创新的价值,但不同创新结果价值分享的对象和数量是不一样的,创新结果参数的变化会不同程度影响分享的价值,为了更好地提高各个利益相关者参与创新的积极性,有必要针对不同创新的结果调整分享的价值。     

微型企业经营绩效提升策略的思考——基于利益相关者的视角

微型企业在政府的大力支持下发展迅速,但是成长过程仍十分艰难,提高经营绩效对微型企业的意义重大。从利益相关者理论出发,分析利益相关者对微型企业绩效提升的重要作用,微型企业主树立利益相关者价值导向观念、满足核心利益相关者需求、鼓励员工参与企业建设、加强利益相关者的权益保护、积极履行社会责任能有效提高微型企业的经营绩效。     

员工与股东的劳资共生演化动力模型研究——基于增加价值与利益相关者理论

传统的股东单边治理模式难以平衡并确保利益相关者的利益, 基于共生的共同治理模式满足了这种需求, 而利益相关者共生的逻辑起点是共同创造与分享增加价值.此时, 如何在现有种群规模下平衡利益相关者关系并保持其动态增长成为值得研究的科学性问题.首先分析员工与股东共创与共享增加价值机理, 并运用生物学中的Logistic增长模型构造基于增加价值的利益相关者共生演化一般模型;然后得出员工与股东的劳资共生演化动力模型, 并利用均衡点、依存系数的不同取值对劳资共生行为模式及稳定性进行分析, 给出合理的经济学解释及映射现有的管理实践;最后, 以海尔为例分析了“人单合一”创新模式改革前后劳资共生行为模式阶段性变化及对企业价值增值的影响, 验证构建劳资共生模型的合理性和必要性.     

品牌价值共创的关键维度及其对顾客认知与品牌绩效的影响:产业服务情境的实证研究

近期品牌文献开始将研究边界从消费市场转向组织市场,但仍缺乏对产业服务品牌的足够关注.此外,文献遵循传统的品牌价值链模型,将品牌价值的产生聚焦于企业单方面的营销策略,并未考虑多重利益相关者的互动和价值共同创造活动.本研究将服务主导逻辑的思维范式整合到品牌研究领域,首先根据三家产业服务企业的定性访谈识别了品牌价值共创活动的关键维度,并确立研究框架,进而通过258对产业服务提供商与客户企业的问卷调查对品牌价值共创的维度及其对品牌绩效的影响进行验证.研究提取了四组利益相关者界面上八个维度的品牌价值共创活动,这些活动直接或间接影响品牌价值的顾客认知以及最终的品牌绩效.论文是首个基于服务主导逻辑的视角对产业品牌价值的形成机理进行的实证探索,研究结论具有启发产业服务企业关注多重利益相关者构建的社会网络中的互动性价值共创活动,以此提升品牌管理绩效.     

基于利益相关者的企业社会责任与企业价值关系研究

基于利益相关者理论,企业对不同利益相关者承担着一定的社会责任,企业履行社会责任对企业价值有一定的影响.在定性分析企业社会责任与企业价值关系的基础上,选取具有代表性的社会责任指标,通过强制性因子分析进行筛选,最终确定11个社会责任指标和2个企业价值指标.以2008年至2010年沪深两市328家上市公司的数据为样本,建立结构方程模型,运用统计软件SPSS 16.0和结构方程软件LISREL 8.7,针对企业承担的对不同利益相关者的社会责任与企业价值的相关性进行实证研究.研究结果表明,企业承担的对不同利益相关者的社会责任与企业价值存在正相关关系,企业对不同利益相关者的社会责任对企业价值的影响程度不同,企业对股东的社会责任对企业价值的贡献度最大,企业对不同利益相关者履行社会责任存在相互影响.     

如何打造品牌的核心价值？

一个品牌是否拥有核心价值,是企业品牌经营成功与否的重要标志所谓“品牌核心价值”,是指一个品牌承诺并兑现给消费者的最主要、最具差异性与持续性的理性价值、感性价值或象征性价值,它是一个品牌最中心、最独一无二、最不具时间性的要素。那么,企业如何打造品牌的核心价值?     

论企业的审美化过程

本章首先分析了企业审美化的目的——塑造具有生命力与吸引力的产品品牌与公司品牌,建立起一个成熟、完善并且清晰的公司身份,从而使得企业的广大的利益相关者形成一个良好的组织身份;其次分析了企业审美化的发起者——企业的高层决策者和受众——企业广大的利益相关者;而后对企业审美化的实现载体——组织制品进行深入分析;最终总结出企业审美化的一般过程。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.