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1.
The European Social Survey, on which this issue of the journal focuses, is a 30-nation multi-funded survey series measuring
attitude change. Started in 2001, it is characterised by unusually high standards of sampling and data equivalence. Its data
are made available on-line with equal access to all, and have already attracted over 20,000 users. Many papers, articles and
books based on the ESS have already appeared. But none has yet employed the data—whether alone or with other sources—to derive
indicators of citizens’ cognitive judgements of their society. A recent EC grant is enabling the authors to fill this gap,
covering topics such as trust in national institutions, tolerance, social cohesion, social trust and fear of crime. The aim
is to be able to monitor changes over time in the distance between what citizens believe their society ought to be in these
respects and how they actually perceive it to be.
相似文献
Roger JowellEmail: |
2.
Jeremy F. Pais Scott J. South Kyle Crowder 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):321-346
Using geo-linked data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the decennial census, we compare probabilities of neighborhood
out-migration for Anglos, blacks, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans by varying ethno-racial neighborhood compositions. Analyses
for Latinos are disaggregated by nativity status. The results indicate that Anglos have a higher likelihood of moving when
they have many minority neighbors and there is little difference whether minority neighbors are black or Latino. Among minorities
there is some evidence of “minority flight” from whiter neighborhoods. Cubans, especially foreign-born Cubans, demonstrate
the strongest propensity to flee neighborhoods with large black populations, whereas the probability of moving out decreases
for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans when their neighbors are more likely to be black. Ethno-racial neighborhood composition has
little effect on blacks’ decision to leave their neighborhood.
相似文献
Jeremy F. PaisEmail: |
3.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |
4.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
5.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
6.
Anna Piil Damm 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):145-174
This paper exploits a Danish spatial dispersal policy on refugees, which can be regarded as a natural experiment to investigate
the influence of regional factors on recent immigrants’ location choices. The main push factors are lack of co-nationals and
immigrants. Additional push factors are lack of rental, including social, housing and lack of institutions for qualifying
education, which explain why recent immigrants are attracted to large cities. Finally, placed refugees tend to leave locations
with relatively high regional unemployment, and there is indirect evidence of welfare seeking.
相似文献
Anna Piil DammEmail: |
7.
Reliable forecasts of life expectancies are of importance for the financial stability of social security systems and the life
insurance industry. A discrete-time stochastic process and a continuous-time stochastic process are proposed to model the
dynamics of German mortality rates from which life expectancies are calculated. More precisely, a panel data model is utilized,
which distinguishes between a common time effect and a common age effect. The model is easy to fit, yields interpretable parameters,
and allows for a simple analysis of the forecast error. The main applications of the model are the forecast of mortality rates—and
the resulting life expectancies—and the pricing of mortality derivatives.
相似文献
Rafael Schmidt (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Empirical studies in the migration literature have shown that enclaves (networks) negatively affect the language proficiency
of migrants. Most of these studies do not address the choice of location as a function of language skills. Using data on Mexican
migration to the US, we show that migrants choose smaller networks as their English language proficiency improves.
相似文献
Ira N. Gang (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
Gil S. Epstein 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):707-715
This paper considers an economic analysis of intergenerational transition of ethnic and social trait. We consider the level
of social traits chosen by parents and its effect on their children’s choice of ethnic and social traits when reaching adulthood.
We develop a theory that suggests that parents will chose extreme ethnic and social traits to increase the cost that their
children will pay if they wish to deviate from their parents’ “ideal.” The extreme choice of the ethnic social traits of parents
has an effect on the segregation of minorities and migrants.
相似文献
Gil S. EpsteinEmail: |
10.
Analysis of casual work in British Columbia is an important issue given that the increase in casual work has been greater
in this province than in other provinces in Canada and given that the labour market has been substantially deregulated since
2001. In this paper, we analyse how individuals’ casual employment status affects their economic security based on a specially
designed survey undertaken by the authors. We follow the ILO’s classification of the dimensions of economic security but,
based on our findings, add a further dimension—Time security—As being of particular importance to casual workers. On the basis
of these results, we analyse the policy interventions that might be necessary to increase the economic security of casual
workers, policies which we suggest can best be conceptualized as providing a “security quilt”.
相似文献
Paul BowlesEmail: |
11.
Hilde Coffé 《Social indicators research》2009,91(2):155-170
Recent findings indicate that more pronounced community heterogeneity is associated with lower levels of social capital. These
studies, however, concentrate on specific aspects in which people differ (such as income inequality or ethnic diversity).
In the present paper, we introduce the number of parties in the local party system as a more encompassing measure of community
heterogeneity. This builds on the argument that the number of relevant socio-economic cleavages in the population (i.e. heterogeneity)
determines the level of party system fragmentation. Using data on 307 Flemish municipalities, we find that municipalities
with a more heterogeneous population indeed have lower levels of social capital. Hence, our study endorses—and generalizes—previous
results linking community heterogeneity to lower levels of social capital.
相似文献
Hilde CofféEmail: |
12.
13.
Gregory Ponthiere 《Social indicators research》2007,84(2):203-230
Whereas period life expectancy constitutes an intuitive indicator of the survival conditions prevailing at a particular period,
this paper argues that, given the existence of welfare interdependencies, that widespread indicator is nonetheless an incomplete
measure of the longevity achievements relevant for human well-being. The central importance of coexistence for human-beings
implies that usual life expectancy measures should be complemented by joint life expectancy indicators, which measure the
average coexistence time under particular survival conditions. After a study of the theoretical foundations of ‘single’ and
‘joint’ life expectancy indicators, it is shown that joint life expectancy measures tend to enrich significantly the comparison
of longevity achievements across countries and periods. Moreover, the introduction of joint life expectancy indicators—as
a complement to conventional life expectancy measures—into multi-variable indexes such as the United Nations’ HDI is also
shown to affect international rankings of standards of living to a non negligible extent.
相似文献
Gregory PonthiereEmail: |
14.
Ann E. Horvath-Rose H. Elizabeth Peters Joseph J. Sabia 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):119-138
An explicit goal of policymakers in drafting welfare reform policies was to reduce incentives for nonmarital childbearing.
This paper estimates the extent to which state welfare reforms have lowered age and race-specific nonmarital fertility. Using
state-level data from 1984 to 1999—a time period that includes the passage and implementation of national welfare reform—we
estimate fixed effects models corrected for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. We find evidence that the family cap,
a policy that decreases or eliminates the incremental increase in benefits for mothers who have an additional child while
on welfare, is associated with a decline in nonmarital birth ratios. However, we also find that the family cap is associated
with higher marital birth rates. Taken together with other research, our findings suggest evidence of policy endogeneity.
相似文献
Joseph J. Sabia (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
This paper examines the nonmarket interactions among migrants in the urban labor market of Bangkok, Thailand. We test whether
the population size and the labor-market performance of previous migrants have externalities to new migrants who have moved
from the same province of origin. Our empirical results, which control origin fixed effects, time fixed effects, and origin-
and year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative population size of previous migrants in the market decreases
the employment probability of new migrants (substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases
that of new migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants is high, however,
the scale effect becomes positive, which demonstrates a threshold in the informational scale economies. The results imply
that positive informational scale effect dominates negative substitution effect when the efficiency of previous migrants is
sufficiently high in the destination labor market.
相似文献
Futoshi YamauchiEmail: |
16.
Life Goals Matter to Happiness: A Revision of Set-Point Theory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bruce Headey 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):213-231
Using data from the long-running German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP), this paper provides evidence that life goals matter
substantially to subjective well-being (SWB). Non-zero sum goals, which include commitment to family, friends and social and
political involvement, promote life satisfaction. Zero sum goals, including commitment to career success and material gains,
appear detrimental to life satisfaction. Finding that conscious life goals matter can potentially make an important contribution
to SWB theory. The most widely accepted theory—set-point or dynamic equilibrium theory—essentially claims that set-points
are near-automatic consequences of hereditary characteristics, including personality traits. Life goals play no role in these
theories and major life events are viewed as having only a transitory effect. The SOEP panel data show that, over a 15–20
year period, non-trivial minorities record substantial changes in their set-points. This paper shows linkages between these
changes and (a) the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism and internal locus of control and (b) choice of life goals.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
17.
Nathanael T. Lauster 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(4):329-351
Familistic and individualistic theories both provide explanations for recent declines in family household formation. Securing access to housing plays a key role in new household formation for both these theories. Familistic theories hypothesize a positive relationship between access to housing and new family household formation. Individualistic theories hypothesize a positive relationship between access to housing and nonfamily household formation. Here I test these hypotheses in Sweden by modeling leaving home for family and nonfamily household formation using the Swedish Family Survey and supplemental housing data. I find significant support for the familistic notion that greater access to housing increases the likelihood of family household formation. I fail to find support for the individualistic theory.
相似文献
Nathanael T. LausterEmail: Phone: +1-765-655-9169 |
18.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
19.
Martin B. Schmidt 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):57-74
The competitiveness of a firm is intimately related to the productivity of its components. The distribution of profits should
then be highly correlated with the distribution of productivity—the more equal distribution of productivity the more equal
distribution of rents. To assess this argument, the present paper examines the time series behavior of competition within
Major League Baseball. The above logic would suggest that the reason for the improvement in the competitive balance in MLB
is a more equal distribution of playing talent. In the end, the improvement appears to be driven by increased player homogeneity
rather than institutional changes.
相似文献
Martin B. SchmidtEmail: |
20.
Using confidential microdata from the US Census Bureau, we investigate the performance of Asian-owned businesses. Using regression
estimates and a special non-linear decomposition technique, we explore the role that class resources, such as financial capital
and human capital, play in contributing to the relative success of Asian businesses. We find that Asian-owned businesses are
more successful than white-owned businesses for two main reasons—Asian owners have high levels of human capital and their
businesses have substantial start-up capital. Using detailed information on both the owner and the firm, we estimate the explanatory
power of several additional factors.
相似文献
Robert W. Fairlie (Corresponding author)Email: |