Mit beiden Augen sieht man besser

In this article the author is discussing the characteristics and differences of expert consultation and process consultation. After deducting the necessity of an integrated approach, the author describes the key success factors of a synthesis and the resulting added-value for the client. Selected case studies show the substantial enrichment of expert consultation through process consultation and vice versa.     

Gruppensupervision als Prozessbegleitung zum Modellprojekt „Familien brauchen Väter“

The author presents an evaluation report based on the accompanying consultation process of the project ?Families need fathers – an experimental project aimed at strengthening paternal competence with regard to pregnancy and parenthood”. Within the protected sphere of supervision the counsellors are confronted with the challenge of developing their role as counsellor of fathers-to-be in a field of consultation in which women predominate. The process of reflection serves to facilitate a professional exchange of ideas as well as helping to develop a mutual, cooperative understanding of the role of the counsellor, thus providing a common framework to reflect the individual situations.     

Patient dynamics, staff burnout, and consultation-liaison psychiatry

This paper discusses the valuable role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist in reducing hospital staff burnout, particularly in working with difficult patients admitted to nonpsychiatric services. Direct patient consultation is a reimbursable service. However, staff-oriented consultation, while not reimbursed by most third-party payers, can be an invaluable means of improving staff-patient relations, reducing liability risk, and alleviating staff stress. The consultation-liaison psychiatrist can be an important element in a hospitalwide, ongoing, comprehensive program to reduce burnout and thereby optimize staff retention and staff effectiveness.     

Consulting--Part 2. The art and science of using consultants

Part I of this series described a research project--a survey of more than 300 physician executives. Asked to share their personal experiences of unsuccessful consultations, our correspondents painted a clear picture of what can go wrong when organizational consultants enter health care systems, and described the lasting destructive sequelae to failed consultations. The two issues responsible for most failed consultations were the intrusion of internal politics into the process and the failure to clearly establish and maintain consensual goals. In Part 2, the consultation process is explored from a very different perspective. What are the issues that often trigger requests for consultation services, as well as the dynamics that can foreshadow success or failure before consultants are even engaged? What are the pitfalls and pointers for the successful use of consultation services?     

Führungskulturen an der Universität: Feedbackinstrumente als Schlüssel zur Personalentwicklung

Management culture at German universities. Guided feedback as an instrument to develop leadership skills In future, universities will be fundamentally more exposed to national and international competition than they are today. The challenges for Germany’s universities arising from this are increased by the reform pressure towards a modernization of the governmental administration. On grounds of these new tasks and challenges, inner-organizational changes as well as the development of a leadership responsibility and further training of the employees’ social skills are necessary. Therefore up-to-date personnel development belongs to a university’s modernization program. At the Berlin University of Technology appraisals by subordinates are practiced in order to design a fair leadership culture. The crucial factor for this is the professor’s and administration manager’s identification with their leadership role. For a further process consultation the adoption of coaching is recommended.     

MOTIVATING STUDENTS IN THE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CLASS: CHALLENGES FOR THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY

Motivating students to learn and apply operations management concepts is an important aspect of the learning process in an operations management class. While an emphasis on techniques and pedagogical technology has some motivational benefits, this paper proposes an emphasis on student/teacher interaction and a deeper understanding of complex situations. To support this approach, publishers should provide the materials to effectively use the new classroom technologies and the tools to support a wide variety of teaching styles. In addition, publishers should provide creative cross-functional simulations so that students can understand the role of operations management in the context of the firm. Finally, rich decision-making environments are needed to put the students in more realistic situations.     

Ist Coaching reine Prozessberatung oder sind hier auch andere Beratungsmodelle relevant?

The author discusses the question, if Coaching is more process consultation or more expert counselling. At first she explains the concept of Edgar Schein with its background. After this she describes the process of coaching with its special sequences of process consultation or expert consultation. Finally, the consequences for coaching education are discussed.     

Maintaining Relevance in Business Education. A Framework for Exploring Alternative Teaching Paradigms

Relevance has become a critical factor in business education programs. Such programs must deliver the skills and knowledge that enable participants to learn and thrive in a context of change, growing business complexity and technological sophistication. This paper explores the need to realign our teaching approach to the new demands of business managers in pursuit of maintaining relevance. It considers the changes this requires in the learner: teacher relationship, and the way in which information communication technologies have a powerful role to play in developing and managing this new relationship. A model is proposed to explore the alternative teaching paradigms associated wich might be best described as seismic shifts in the learning landscape. For educators it suggests a change in teaching values that emphasise stronger attention to process skills, less teacher autonomy, direction and control, and a more creative use of technology to encourage diversity, dialogue and distributed team learning. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Crisis management in education: Human and legal concerns

This hypothetical situation, set in a school district which many would consider successful, posits a situation where a well-established science teacher is accused of non-professional conduct. The administration is in a dilemma. Two of the three mayors of the school district are demanding his dismissal. Several parents are concerned at the behavior of the teacher in class. The reputation of the teacher for preparing his students for the Advanced Placement examination in Biology, however, is legendary. He is constantly visited by ex-students who have been successful in the world, and consider him to be a major reason for that achievement. The law is established to serve the legitimate ends of society, to handle conflict in a structured and accepted way, and to provide reasonable solutions to difficult problems. In this situation, it is claimed that the law not only serves the interests of the district, but also of the accused teacher and his students. It is further claimed that without enforcing the law—deciding not to do anything—would result in a problem immeasurably bigger and more difficult to control.     

权威董事专业性、高管激励与创新活跃度研究

通过我国A股上市公司2007年～2015年的数据, 实证检验了权威专业董事通过高管激励影响创新活跃度的逻辑链条.发现权威专业董事通过影响高管激励的结构与水平增强了企业创新的活跃度, 且不同类别的权威专业董事均能够产生积极作用.这种影响不仅促进了企业的实质性创新, 提升了企业的创新效率, 并使之具有可持续性.研究结论在对主要变量采取不同度量方式以及控制了内生性等因素影响的情况下依然成立.本文的研究结论拓展了权威专业董事职能发挥的途径, 增补了上市公司高管激励的经验证据, 同时, 为董事会治理有效性的识别提供了新的视角.对于当前企业高管创新激励机制的匹配性设计, 以及监管部门完善董事会治理规则具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Coaching im Rahmen von Bedrohungsmanagement

Threat management is a young discipline in practice as well as theory. Coaching of executives shows a new, specific intervention form in this context. For this matter it requires a high professional knowledge which allows an expert’s consultation and a professional process consultation, to do justice to process-like threatening events or to the adequate contact. The present contribution reflects the complicated connections of male executives in particular with the focus on emotion regularisation and action optimisation.     

Consulting--Part 1. Why consultations fail

The first article in this series describes a research project--a survey of more than 300 physician executives. Asked to share their personal experiences of unsuccessful consultations, our correspondents painted a picture of what can go wrong when organizational consultants enter health care systems, and described the lasting destructive sequelae to failed consultations. The two issues responsible for most failed consultations were the intrusion of internal politics into the consultation process and the failure to clearly establish and maintain consensual goals. Part 2 of this series will explore the consultation process from a different perspective, examining the issues that often trigger requests for consultation services and the dynamics that can foreshadow success or failure before consultants are even engaged.     

The Role of Leader Influence Tactics and Safety Climate in Engaging Employees'' Safety Participation

This study examines the effect of leader influence tactics on employee safety participation in a U.K.-based manufacturing organization, examining the role of safety climate as a mediator. Structural equation modeling showed that leader influence tactics associated with a transformational leadership style had significant relationships with safety participation that were partially mediated by the safety climate (consultation) or fully mediated by the safety climate (inspirational appeals). In addition, leader influence tactics associated with a transactional leadership style had significant relationships with safety participation: rational persuasion (partially mediated by safety climate) and coalition tactics (direct effect). Thus, leaders may encourage safety participation using a combination of influence tactics, based on rational arguments, involvement in decision making, and generating enthusiasm for safety. The influence of building trust in managers is discussed as an underlying mechanism in this relationship. Practical implications are highlighted, including the design of leadership development programs, which may be particularly suited to high-reliability organizations.     

How do I get my way? A meta-analytic review of research on influence tactics

Despite considerable research investigating the role of influence tactics on work-related outcomes in organizations, consensus on the effectiveness of influence tactics has been elusive. Specifically, there is a lack of integration concerning the relationships between proactive influence tactics and their outcomes. We investigate the effectiveness of 11 influence tactics from a comprehensive perspective using meta-analytic techniques. In particular, the current study focuses on relationships between each of the 11 influence tactics (i.e., rational persuasion, exchange, inspirational appeal, legitimating, apprising, pressure, collaboration, ingratiation, consultation, personal appeals, and coalition) and task- and relations-oriented outcomes. In addition, we investigate the moderating effects of the direction of influence tactics, measurement of influence tactics, singular influence tactic (versus use of a combination of influence tactics), independence of data sources, and study setting involved in the study. Regardless of task- and relations-oriented outcomes, based on 49 independent samples (N = 8987), our results show positive relationships between outcomes and rational persuasion, inspirational appeal, apprising, collaboration, ingratiation, consultation, and a negative relationship between pressure and outcomes. Rational persuasion is the only tactic which held stable positive relationships with both categories of outcomes regardless of moderating factors. Implications and directions for future research in the area of influence tactics are discussed.     

Improving medical decision-making with a management science game theory approach to liver transplantation

Even though nowadays medicine is necessarily linked with technology, it is still a service involving human interaction, which frequently requires the help of management science tools. Indeed, a medical consultation can be an extremely complex example of human interaction. Management science, operations research and in particular game theory may play a key role in helping to improve the results of medical decision-making processes. Game theory is widely used in a large variety of decision-making studies, but there is little application to health care issues, namely the doctor-patient relationship. This paper uses game theory to model the liver transplantation consultation for patients suffering from Alcoholic Liver Disease. This disease is very delicate, and patients at its end-stages require special dedication where management science tools are of utmost importance. They may try to deceive doctors, which may lead to bad outcomes. The Nash equilibrium behaviors by doctor and patient are obtained. Results show some health policy and managerial implications on the decision-makers’ parameters and on the order of play so as to achieve, for instance, higher rates of patient’s cooperation.     

Auftragsklärung: Interventionen auf dem Wege zur Konstituierung eines Beratungssystems*

The author demonstrates basing on a case study, that the development of a consultation system is a process that requires time and patience of everyone involved. Not a fast decided definition of a consultation method with the corresponding setting is the first step but a clarification of the request. That is what the author is pleading for a phase of detailed analysis with the potential client.     

Frauen und Medien

Women and mediaWomen in the past decades established themselves like in all public fields also in the field of journalisme and media, including leading positions. The larger presence of women as editors, however, not visibly changed the reporting regarding gender-democratic aspects. We cannot state that traditional role assignments were lastingly overcome. With supervision and coaching of media professionals there seems to be a need of a very specific consulting for women. A need of consultation, which might still require a deeper and a more realistic view of the world, a changed perspective regarding women and men in the society. This does not happen automatically, on instruction or by political correctness. To develop this changed perspective and represent it in public, is obviously not easier to women than to men. A way to learn it would be to conceive journalistic and editorial quality under the criterion of gender democracy and diversity.     

Assessment of Patient Classification in Appointment System Design

This paper investigates two approaches to patient classification: using patient classification only for sequencing patient appointments at the time of booking and using patient classification for both sequencing and appointment interval adjustment. In the latter approach, appointment intervals are adjusted to match the consultation time characteristics of different patient classes. Our simulation results indicate that new appointment systems that utilize interval adjustment for patient class are successful in improving doctors' idle time, doctors' overtime and patients' waiting times without any trade‐offs. Best performing appointment systems are identified for different clinic environments characterized by walk‐ins, no‐shows, the percentage of new patients, and the ratio of the mean consultation time of new patients to the mean consultation time of return patients. As a result, practical guidelines are developed for managers who are responsible for designing appointment systems.     

Reflexion als Herausforderung in der Organisationsberatung Ein kritisch-organisationspädagogischer Blick auf die Professionalisierung

Reflection of the consultants advances to a central attribute of professional organizational consulting. Particularly the systemic and process consulting render outstanding services to this strategy of professionalization. This strategy bases on the assumption, that especially reflection enables to structure experiences und the role of the consultants in consultation projects in order to learn from them, i. e. to professionalize. A (self-)critical view to practical experiences, as the article focusses on, points up the challenges, which accompany reflection: Consultants – as well as their clients – have the problem, that they are not able to disclose influences of power, instrumentalization and projection. A confrontation of practical experiences with educational perceptions promises further impulses.     

Cultures have consequences: A configural approach to leadership across two cultures

This research compares the influence of country membership and cultural values (power distance and individualism/collectivism) in a model of LMX and organizational change. The results reveal cultural differences in the relationships among LMX, consultation and affective commitment to organizational change, supporting prior studies. However, there are substantial differences in the moderation of the cultural values in the relationships among the research constructs at the individual level. Our results suggest that understanding national culture and its influence on leadership may be incomplete when we focus only on mean differences at the country level to examine cross-cultural differences. To address this concern, we offer a configural approach to examine the role of culture in a leadership model across two cultures (the U.S. and Korea).