A Study of Women and Social Changes

Duringtheearly1980s,thedriveforreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldwasundoubtedlyaboontothedeve1opmentofwomen'sstudiesinChina.MostofthestudiesmadeinthepastdecadehavebeenrelatedtothenewproblemsraisedbyChina'seconomicreformsandsocialchange.Ⅰ.EstablishingtheIn…     

A Clash in Perspective? A Study of Worker and Client Perceptions of Social Work

Summary This study explores in a small sample of a worker's own clientswhether clashes in perspective occur between clients and socialworker, and how this is linked with satisfaction and dissatisfaction.Dissatisfied clients did not share a framework with the worker,but felt blamed and criticized by her, and the worker's ownbehaviour at the contract setting stage contributed to this.In contrast, satisfied clients and the worker appeared to havea positive shared perspective of the treatment process.     

A Comparative Study of the Patterns of Discourse in Chinese and Western Drama

Intermsoftextualmorphology,dramaisameansofcommunicationwithatextualdiscoursethattakestwoforms'narrativeanddialogue.Intheformer,thediscourseexistsinanactualspace-timecontinuumandisconductedbetweentheplaywright/actorsandtheaudience.Inthelatter,thediscourset…     

Mode of Classified Responsibility for Social Organizations:Innovative Exploration in Social Organization Management System——A Case Study of Beiiing Associated Social Organization Management

全能政府向有限政府的转化和市场经济的发展,使社会组织获得了生长的契机,在社会建设中发挥着不可替代的作用.社会转型带来的全面变革使传统社会组织管理中的问题日益凸显.北京市以“枢纽型”社会组织建设为契机,对传统社会组织管理体制进行了分类负责模式的探索.     

Chinese and American Decision-making in the Korean War:A Comparative Study

50年前中国与美国在朝鲜的战争是两个大国在各自境外进行的一场大规模的局部战争,这在二战结束以后至令都是绝无仅有的。双方在朝鲜战争中的决策目标明显地都有一条类似的变化曲线。美国的目标是从决定进行军事干涉转变为越过三八线、用武力统一朝鲜,再被迫回到基本恢复战争爆发前的状态。中国是从决定抗美援朝转变为越过三八线、将联合国军逐出朝鲜半岛,再到沿三八线地区停战。这种变化从根本上说是双方均执行“战争局部化”的战略指导原则的结果,而这种战略指导原则的形成是基于中美双方对各自在朝鲜半岛的战略利益的认识、双方力量对比的状况以及它们同各自同盟国的关系等等因素。     

A Comparative Discussion of the Gendered Implications of Cash-for-Care Schemes: Markets, Independence and Social Citizenship in Crisis?

There are moves across many countries away from state-led provision of services for disabled people towards cash-based systems, which have been welcomed by disabled people as increasing choice and control over services and support, and increasing independence and social participation. However, feminist scholars have long warned about the implications of commodifying care for women, and the possible consequences of substituting cash for services for social citizenship have remained underexplored, for both disabled people generally, disabled women and mothers more particularly, and for personal assistants/care workers. This article will attempt to address that gap by carrying out a comparative literature review and policy analysis of the role of policy development and outcomes in cash-for-care schemes, looking comparatively across policy developments in several countries, as well as developed welfare states beyond Europe to examine: (a) the impact of the tensions between various governance levels, particularly local and national government; (b) the gendered impact of such policies on (for example) gendered divisions of paid and unpaid work, citizenship and social participation; (c) the impact such policies have, or are likely to have, on different groups of men and women across the life course and across different social and economic groups; and (d) how such policies can contribute to the well-being and/or detriment of different groups of women (and men) within different social, political, economic and historical contexts.     

Innovation Awareness and Social Responsibility in Social Science Studies: A Survey of the Symposium on Social Sciences and Social Problems in Contemporary China

Since adopting a policy of reform and opening, Chinese society has seen tremendous changes. What opportunities does this social reality bring to social science? How may to social science serve it? Studying these     

Reconstituting China''''s Social Security System——A Survey of the Seminaron Theory and Practice of Social Welfare

As China's market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of Social     

The Mechanism of Social Mobility in Large Cities—An Empirical Analysis of a Questionnaire Survey of Tianjin Residents

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Theory ,Practice and Lessons Drawnfrom Other Countries and the Development of Chinese Economics—Using Research on the Theory of the Industrial Structureas an Example

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The Error in the Theory of Quantifying Every Variable in Economic Studies:With Transaction Costs as an Example

It should be said that the issue of how to measure transaction cost has existed ever since the day the idea of transaction cost came into being, although the concept was only formally put forward as late as 1960 by Kenneth J. Arrow. According to Ronald Coase, "The main reason why profitable to establish a firm would seem to be that there is a cost of using the price mechanism." "The explanation for the existence of enterprises that allocate resources through internal managerial decisions lies in the avoidance of the cost that would be incurred if the transaction was carried out through the market." Obviously, what needs to be done next is to quantify the "cost of making use of the price mechanism."     

From “State and Society” to “Institutions and Life”: A Shift in the Study of Social Change in China

Abstract

The term “institutions and life” is proposed as an alternative perspective to “state and society.” Here, “institutions” refers to formal institutions set up in the name of the state and supporting its agents at various levels and in different departments in the exercise of their functions. “Life” refers to the everyday activities of social beings, involving not only the interests, powers and rights-based claims of expedient production and life strategies and techniques, but also relatively routine popular mores and informal institutions. The purpose of constructing and applying this perspective is to probe the complex mechanism of the interaction between living subjects and the agents of formal institutions in institutional practice and thereby analyze the actual logic and changing direction of China’s formal institutions and explore the mechanisms behind changes in mores so as to grasp the main thread running through China’s modern nation building.     

An Analysis of the Social Costs of State-owned Enterprises—Results of a Survey of 50 8 Enterprises Conducted in TenLarge Cities

Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆａｄｉａｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｅ ｏｗｎｅｄｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓ (ＳＯＥｓ)ｗｅｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄａｐｅｒｐｌｅｘｉｎｇｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎ :ｓｉｎｃｅ 1 978,ＳＯＥｓｈａｖｅｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｍａｒｋｅｔ ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｒｅｆｏｒｍｓｉｎｗｈｉｃｈ ｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙｗａｓｇｉｖｅｎｔｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ ;ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｅｒｅｆｏｒｍｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｈａｖｅｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄ…     

Innovation and Development of Social Structure of Accumulation (SSA) Theory: A Discussion with Lü Shoujun

The social structure of accumulation (SSA) theory is one of the important schools of Western Marxist economics, but China’s theoretical circles do not fully understand its developmental path or its latest research findings. This is reflected in the comments about the SSA School in Lü Shoujun’s paper, “Grasping Intermediate-Level Analysis of Contemporary Capitalism: The Evolution of the French Regulation School’s Theoretical System.” We need to give a clearer explanation of the relation between SSA theory and the French Regulation School. In particular, we need to review the major innovations and developments in SSA theory in recent years, including its theoretical analysis of the 2008 financial crisis, of sustainable SSA (SSSA) theory, and of China SSA (CSSA) theory.     

Social Enterprise – A New Phenomenon in the Field of Economic and Social Welfare?

Drawing upon insights from historical institutionalism, this article critically examines the origins of social enterprise and its emergence into the mainstream policy arena. It begins by relating the social enterprise idea to major non‐state/non‐private institutional traditions, including the European social economy, US non‐profits and the UK charitable sector, and places it within the specific field of economic and social welfare. In so doing, the article contests the idea that social enterprise is a new phenomenon in the social welfare field and proposes instead that the supposed ‘novelty’ of social enterprise as an organizational form and a subject of public policy lies primarily in the nature of the socio‐political and economic context of the 1980s–1990s, during which time it became ‘en vogue’. The process of institutionalization of social enterprise and its ascension into the mainstream policy arena is examined in more detail in the case of England during the time New Labour was in office and beyond, and lessons are drawn from this experience concerning both the role that social enterprise plays or is expected to play as a vehicle to address economic and social needs, and how this is intertwined with both a dominant neo‐liberal discourse, as well as alternative perspectives that emphasize more equalitarian and sustainable development paths. The article concludes with some reflections in relation to the apparent consensus that seems to exist around social enterprise as a legitimate subject of public policy and the resulting social enterprization of public services which is currently taking place in England.     

Perceptions of Distributive Justice of the Residents in Contemporary China’s Large Cities: An Empirical Study Based on the Survey in Shanghai〖JP〗

本文从自利理论和归因理论出发,以2006年8月-2007年1月上海大学社会学系“上海市居民的阶层地位与社会意识”调查数据为基础,分析当前中国大城市居民的分配公平感及其形成机制。研究发现,大城市居民对主要社会群体的收入分配感到明显不公平。阶层地位是否具有优势对居民分配公平感的形成没有显著影响,但社会经济地位及其对导致社会不平等的归因则与分配公平感明显相关。具有优势经济地位的群体既直接影响人们的分配公平感,又通过对社会不平等的归因偏好间接影响人们的分配公平感。归因偏好对分配公平感的影响比社会经济地位的影响更加显著：越是将社会不平等归因于个人绩效因素（内因）,其分配公平感就越强;越是将社会不平等归因于权力、政策因素（外因）,其分配不公平感就越强。     

Meditation Program Enhances Self-efficacy and Resilience of Home-based Caregivers of Older Adults with Alzheimer’s: A Five-year Follow-up Study in Two South Asian Cities

This article reports a five-year follow-up study in two South Asian cities on the impact of a long-term meditation program in enhancing self-efficacy and resilience of home-based caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer’s. Intervention group caregivers (pre-test N = 96; post-test N = 78) reported lower perceived caregiving burden, higher self-efficacy in obtaining respite, responding to disruptive patient behaviors and controlling upsetting thoughts, and greater resilience, post-test, in comparison to the control group (pre-test N = 89; post-test N = 67). Gender and relationship with the patient were two strong moderators determining program impact. Caregiver women, spouses, Hindus, middle class, with college and higher education, homemakers, who attended at least 75% of the meditation lessons and regularly practiced at home (i.e. once weekly for at least 75% of the weeks) reported lower post-test perceived caregiving burden, higher self-efficacy, and resilience. Results of the Tobit regression models confirmed the meditation-related moderators and indicated that home practice was the strongest predictor of post-test scores. Overall the meditation program is an effective intervention, however, would need to be refined for specific caregiver subgroups such as men, children and children-in-law and those working outside the home, to suit their realities.     

The Project System and the Mobilization of Basic Level Governments： A Sociological Study of the Project-oriented Operation of Social Management

在基层行政资源紧张条件下,上级部门为达成工作目标,越来越多地通过项目制来调动基层政府。相比于传统的科层体制,项目制使得上级部门拥有集中的资金管理权、特殊的人事安排权以及高效的动员程序,从而能更快地见到成效。项目制在基层政府的推行使得科层体系发生重构,政府内部动员由“层级动员”转向“多线动员”,行政资源的分配也演变为项目中心模式;同时,项目制的“自我扩张”效应使得项目制越来越深入到政府体系中,具有持续性及不断增长的影响力。     

Variables and Constants in Literature:A Discussion of “Extrinsic Research” and “Intrinsic Research”

The variables and constants in literature are as difficult to separate and understand as the intricacies of quantum physics. This is the basic mode of literary existence and also an important precondition for the longevity of literary classics. However, since the late 19th century, literary currents have been turbulent, and wave upon wave of critical theory has evinced a discord between “the intrinsic and the extrinsic,” even amounting to mutual exclusion, with the result that literary constants...     

A Study of Temple Fairs in Northern China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

TemplefairswereanimportantcomponentofsociallifeinancientChina.Theywerealwayscloselylinkedwiththepeople'seconomicandculturalactivitiesintraditionalsociety,andeventodaytheystillflourish.However,uptonow,nocomprehensiveandin-depthstudieshavebeendevotedtothem.WhilestudyingChina'stempleculture,theauthordiscoveredthattemplesembodiedmanyeconomicandcultural-recreationalfunctionswhichwereexhibitedintheirfairs.Notalltemplesheldtemplefairs,butthosethatdid,offeredcomplementaryservicestothetemporaryormarke…