让管理互动

没有互动管理,经济资源联盟体就无法存在。现代经济的发展和企业竞争的加剧,使越来越多的“大象型企业”涌现。让这些企业困惑的是,组织的日益复杂和员工分布的日益广泛,致使组织笨拙和不灵活,难以应对复杂多变的环境。幸运的是,这些年来,一些组织间的联合已不再走简单的并购之路,而是通过战略联盟的方式,以自身的核心能力控制少数核心业务部门,将其他业务以外包、合作等形式转移给其他公司,形成了企业联盟。     

台湾、日本与南韩的区域创新系统之比较研究

企业通常必须与其它外部组织进行互动，以取得、发展并交换多元化的知识、信息和资源，因此，创新的企业并非独立于社会之外，其创新的行为会受到制度（Institution）的影响。不同的区域可能存在着不同的制度．其下组织之创新行为与组织问的互动模式亦会有所不同。本论文的目的在于探讨区域创新系统发展上的影响因素．主要的研究构面包括：（1）基础建设层面一地方政府在财政或科技政策上的自主性；（2）制度层面一文化和学习；（3）组织与合作创新层面一以企业和其它组织之间的创新模式。本研究以日本、南韩、台湾的三个区域创新系统个案来进行比较，最后提出一些初步的结果与政策上的意涵。     

破解“资源诅咒”迷局 探析经济转型之路

研究表明,自然资源与经济增长之间存在负相关性,自然资源丰富的国家与地区,经济增长反而慢于自然资源稀缺的国家与地区,形成所谓"资源的诅咒"。尽管英、法、德、美等发达国家已经对资源型城市经济转型进行了有益的探索,但如何促进资源型区域经济可持续发展,仍然是一个世界性难题,这也是我国全面建设小康社会进程中凸现的重大课题,如何破题,仍需要国家、政府、社会、企业、个人方方面面积极探索,并为之做出不懈的努力。     

跨界搜索、资源协奏与企业商业模式创新:共享认知的调节作用

数字经济背景下,商业模式创新已经成为企业获取竞争优势的重要手段。而外部知识的有效获取以及内外部创新资源的合理整合是商业模式创新的重要驱动力。已有研究较少关注跨界搜索行为的不同维度对商业模式创新的影响机制。本文基于资源协奏理论,从组织印记与组织行为互动的视角出发,构建敏锐跨界搜索和专注跨界搜索对商业模式创新的影响模型,探究资源协奏的中介作用以及共享认知的调节作用。通过对258份企业调查问卷数据进行层次回归和Bootstrap分析发现:(1)敏锐跨界搜索与专注跨界搜索对商业模式创新的影响均呈倒U型;(2)敏锐跨界搜索与专注跨界搜索对资源协奏的影响均呈倒U型;(3)资源协奏正向影响商业模式创新,且分别在敏锐跨界搜索和专注跨界搜索与商业模式创新的倒U关系之间起部分中介作用;(4)有调节的中介效应显著,共享认知显著调节跨界搜索二元性与资源协奏的倒U关系。     

基于系统观的资源型城市经济转型初探

初步分析了资源型城市经济转型系统和基于系统观的经济转型思路,并指出进一步的研究方向。认为资源型城市经济转型是一个系统而繁杂的工程,受到宏观环境、区域经济状况、政府、企业、公众、城市能力及产业系统状况等因素的影响,资源型城市经济转型系统包括支撑力系统、牵引力系统、推力系统及压力系统,要用系统观的思想设计与实施资源型城市经济转型方案。     

产业集聚与区域经济竞争力提升的互动效应研究

产业集聚是指在某一特定领域内互相联系、在地理位置上相对集中的公司和机构的集合。产业集聚对区域经济竞争力的提升具有正面效应,同时,区域经济竞争力的提升对产业集聚具有积极影响。本文借助波特的"钻石模型"进行了创新,建立了产业集聚与区域经济竞争力的互动模型,以此说明产生集聚与区域经济竞争力提升的互动效应。     

旅游开发对区域经济的影响及发展对策研究——以浙江省龙游县为例

旅游资源开发与区域经济的发展存在良性互动的关系。旅游开发带动区域经济发展,区域经济发展又为旅游开发提供产业基础和保障,两者相互依存。本文通过对龙游旅游资源的盘点,从实际效果上分析旅游开发与区域经济发展的关系,并提出具体创新措施。     

资源拼凑影响制造企业组织敏捷性的机制研究：组织分权的调节作用

制造企业可否通过资源拼凑活动的开展来有效提升组织敏捷性在当前研究中存在争议。为弥补当前研究的不足之处,本研究基于“优势来源-位置优势”的理论框架和组织结构的权变视角来探究资源拼凑对制造企业运营敏捷性和市场敏捷性的差异化影响,并考虑组织分权的权变影响。通过对208家制造企业的问卷调查数据进行实证分析,本文发现：资源拼凑对运营敏捷性具有显著的促进作用,资源拼凑与市场敏捷性之间呈U型关系;高水平组织分权会增强资源拼凑与运营敏捷性之间的关系,也会增强资源拼凑与市场敏捷性之间的关系。上述研究发现明晰了资源拼凑将如何以及在何种情景下会提升制造企业的组织敏捷性,这将有效助力制造企业实现高质量发展。     

从企业和工业园区两个层面构建区域工业循环经济

对龙岩市工业经济增长的现状和存在问题进行了剖析,认为该区域工业经济发展处于外延扩大和粗放增长阶段,发展循环经济是龙岩市未来区域工业发展的战略选择。提出了从企业和工业园区两个层面构建区域工业循环经济的观点。探讨了龙岩市企业“小循环”体系从节水、节电、节煤,抓好工业“三废”综合利用,采用先进技术促进资源深加工和低品位资源开发利用的具体途径和工业园区主要以资源综合利用为纽带,以优化企业项目布局为手段构建“大循环”体系的构想。     

研发网络分散化,组织学习顺序与创新绩效:比较案例研究

通过对两家大型民营企业的纵向比较案例研究,本文试图破解企业在一方面面对来自全球的激烈竞争,想要通过超本地搜寻获取知识资源以实现技术赶超,另一方面面对国内制度缺陷,技术落差巨大的现实背景,在执行研发走出去战略的同时担心面临巨额成本与风险,而陷入的两难困境。研究发现:首先,研发网络分散化/收敛化的过程中,4种组织学习顺序扮演了重要角色,分别为播种型、独奏型、咨询型和增强型组织学习顺序;其次,针对企业研发网络通过技术分散和地理分散进行演化的不同方式,企业选取不同的组织学习顺序与之相匹配;最后,与研发网络分散化相匹配的不同组织学习顺序能够显著促进企业创新绩效的提升。本文结论对于理解研发网络分散化与创新之间动态关系有着重要理论和实践意义。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.