不同权力结构下制造商双渠道供应链的博弈分析

在单个拥有线下传统批发及线上直销双渠道的制造商和单个零售商组成的供应链中,基于供应链成员博弈权力的差异,构建制造商占优或零售商占优的两类Stackelberg博弈及双方同等权力的Nash博弈模型,分析了三种博弈权力结构对供应链成员价格,需求和利润的影响。研究发现：当制造商线下传统批发渠道所占市场份额较小时,（1）渠道交叉价格弹性系数为0时和不为0时,三种博弈权力结构对制造商双渠道供应链均衡解的影响具有一定的鲁棒性;（2）三种博弈权力结构下,制造商线上直销渠道价格相同;两类Stackelberg博弈权力结构下,线下传统批发渠道价格相同且大于Nash博弈下的传统渠道价格;制造商批发价格随其博弈主导地位下降逐渐降低;（3）当渠道交叉价格弹性系数为0时,三种博弈权力结构对线上直销渠道需求的影响是无差异的;当渠道间交叉价格弹性系数不为0时,两类Stackelberg博弈权力结构下的线下传统批发渠道需求相同且小于Nash博弈下的传统渠道需求,线上直销渠道需求相同且大于Nash博弈下的线上直销渠道需求;（4）三种博弈策略下,制造商收益及零售商收益随其博弈主导地位下降逐渐降低;Nash博弈下,供应链总利润最大。     

渠道关系强度对渠道权力应用的影响——关系嵌入的视角

传统渠道权力研究缺少对渠道关系网络背景的关注。从社会网络关系嵌入的视角切入渠道权力的研究,将社会网络理论中的关系强度变量纳入渠道权力研究框架,考察渠道关系强度不同维度对渠道成员应用渠道权力以及权力应用对渠道冲突和渠道合作的影响。以制造商及其与分销商关系为研究对象,获得278个制造商样本的调查数据,应用SPSS 15.0软件和多元层次回归方法对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,渠道关系中的亲密程度和互惠程度对渠道成员应用强制性权力和非强制性权力分别具有负向和正向显著影响;情感强度对制造商应用强制性权力有显著正向影响,而对其应用非强制性权力没有显著影响;渠道关系嵌入的行为和情感要素对渠道权力应用有不同影响。     

考虑线下权力结构的制造商线上销售模式选择研究

在线下垂直实力对等、制造商主导和实体店主导三种渠道权力结构下，构建制造商、实体店和电商之间的博弈模型，探讨线下渠道权力结构与制造商线上销售模式的匹配关系。研究结果表明：（1）当电商要求的佣金比例较小时，在不同的线下渠道权力结构下，制造商都应该选择线上代销模式；而当电商要求的佣金比例较大时，在线下垂直实力对等结构下，制造商应该选择线上转销模式，而在制造商主导和实体店主导结构下，制造商应该选择线上代销模式。（2）当制造商选择线上转销模式时，在线下制造商主导的结构下，制造商给予实体店的批发价格最大，在垂直实力对等结构下次之，在实体店主导结构下最小。然而，线下渠道权力结构的差异并不会影响制造商给予电商的批发价格。（3）当制造商选择线上代销模式时，在线下制造商主导结构下，线下销售价格最高；在线下垂直实力对等结构下，线上销售价格最高。     

得渠道者得天下--提升制造商渠道权力的策略

营销渠道是实现产品价值的载体。制造商和经销商出于对各自利益的追求,都渴望成为营销渠道的主宰。因此,渠道成员合作的背后始终伴随着渠道权力的争夺。制造商渠道权力的失落这里所说的渠道权力是指一个渠道成员对于另一个在同一渠道中不同层次上的渠道成员的控制力或影响力。它包含两层意思:一是一个渠道成员相对于另一个或一些渠道成员拥有某种权力,二是这种权力是一种力量,会促使其他成员做一些他们原本不会做的事情。例如,一个制造商可以运用渠道权力迫使一个经销商储备其全部生产线的产品,尽管该经销商只对制造商的畅销产品感兴趣;相反…     

渠道关系中的感知不公平研究——基于心理契约及不公平容忍区域的视角

营销渠道中的不公平对渠道关系极具破坏性。长期以来,文献多限于间接分析公平对渠道关系的影响,缺乏直接从不公平角度展开研究。对此,本文重点探讨渠道关系中的感知不公平。本文在显性契约、关系契约的基础上,引入了心理契约维度,重构了渠道关系及分析框架;指明心理契约与感知不公平存在相关性,前者可对后者进行衡量;界定并刻画了不公平容忍区域,讨论了不公平类型、角色定位对不公平容忍区域范围的影响。本文构建的分析框架提出了一个新视角,有助于打开"渠道成员行为发生"的"黑箱",对营销渠道不公平的深入研究大有裨益。     

浅析营销渠道行为理论

营销渠道就是商品和服务从生产者向消费者转移过程的具体通道或路径。渠道行为研究是渠道理论研究的一个重要的领域。主要研究渠道成员如何运用权力，如何进行渠道合作及如何处理渠道冲突，归根结底是以研究渠道成员之间各种行动关系为主要内容的。     

非成员利益相关者联系对渠道权力结构的影响:一个理论分析框架

本文考察了渠道关系中非成员性利益相关者对权力结构的影响。研究发现当只有一方与利益相关者联系时,该联系对成员权力地位的积极影响主要是通过资源提供来实现的;当双方都与同一个利益相关者建立联系时,关系的强度与性质则决定了影响的方向;当双方分别与不同的利益相关者建立联系时,影响的方向则很难明确。     

不同补贴对象下的闭环供应链定价模型北大核心CSCDCSSCI

基于混合回收渠道的充分竞争闭环供应链中的研究假设,针对政府采取不同补贴对象策略(消费者、零售商、制造商或第三方回收商)分别建立闭环供应链定价模型;通过不同补贴对象下闭环供应链的销售渠道定价指标、回收渠道定价指标以及渠道成员利润分配的对比研究对不同补贴对象的影响系数对渠道成员定价决策和利润的影响进行分析。研究结果表明:当政府直接补贴给消费者和零售商时,销售渠道上的定价指标(产品批发价和市场销售价)较高,而回收渠道上的定价指标(废旧产品第三方回收价和制造商回收价)以及渠道成员的利润分配较低;而当政府补贴给制造商和第三方回收商时,销售渠道上的定价指标较低,而回收渠道的上的定价指标以及渠道成员利润分配较高。     

营销渠道整合分析--以家电市场为例

本文借助于家电市场介绍渠道整合相关概念,分析现状,从渠道结构、渠道关系、渠道行为和渠道顾客关系管理方面对影响企业渠道整合的障碍分析:通过自建销售渠道、采取扁平化策略来构建渠道结构的整合;其次是通过形成联盟协同关系来寻求渠道关系的整合;再者,通过建立高效的物流配送体系来实现渠道流程的整合,最后,通过树立客户关系导向理念实现客户关系的整合。     

营销渠道冲突产生原因及对策分析

本文分析了引起渠道冲突的主要原因,有目标、价格、大客户、资金、技术咨询与服务等方面。最后,建议应该从发展超级目标、加强信息交流、精简渠道结构、有效选择和激励渠道成员等方面管理解决好渠道冲突。     

Action Research for Management Research

Action research has become increasingly prominent among management researchers as an espoused paradigm used to justify the validity of a range of research outputs. In this paper we introduce and discuss 12 contentions which, we argue, justify an action research project as quality research. The contentions are presented through a discussion of a number of important issues: generality and theory generation, the type of theory development appropriate to action research, the pragmatic focus of action research, designing action research and validity of action research.     

Expanding the Domain of Festival Research: A Review and Research Agenda

Festivals are an important sub‐field within event studies which, until recently, have not been studied as separate experiences. A systematic review of the emerging literature on festivals reveals several key characteristics. While festivals are diverse in nature and geographical location, scholarly interest focuses on five main themes: the motivations for organizing, funding and attending festivals; the experiences of festival attendees; the relationship between festivals and their local environments; the economic and sociocultural impacts of festivals; and the management of festivals. Despite growing interest in festivals as research sites, little attention has been afforded to investigating festival processes. In particular, considerations of how festivals are established, and which individuals are involved in their initiation and regular staging, offer opportunities for research. This paper highlights the significant role festivals play within their local communities, including their facilitation of social cohesion and regional identity. Our study reveals that the literature rarely discusses the development of festivals over time and the wider networks in which festivals are embedded. This critical review of festival research identifies various research gaps and directions for future research to develop theory and practical understanding of festivals.     

Research on global strategy

This paper reviews the extant literature on global strategy. We argue that the literature has developed along three major directions, namely: (1) the literature identifying the emergence of a global village; (2) the literature identifying the advantages to a firm following a global strategy; and (3) the literature addressing the management challenges and the implementation issues faced by an international firm. We find that the literature has arrived at a number of important conclusions, namely: (1) the global environment places conflicting demands on participating firms; (2) there is no one strategy called global strategy, firms adopt different strategies to compete in the global arena; (3) the benefits accruing from a global strategy are contingent on the industry environment; (4) it is imperative to have multidimensional capabilities in the global arena; (5) matrix structures are becoming increasingly vital in implementing global strategies; and, finally, (6) the actual benefits of adopting matrix structures are contingent on the adoption of appropriate management processes. We identify the trends in the literature and suggest some directions for further research on the topic.     

Management Research After Modernism

If the duty of the intellectual in society is to make a difference, the management research community has a long way to go to realize its potential. The Starkey and Madan (2001) report is a useful entry point into the debate about what kind of management research, but it defines the issues too narrowly and seeks solutions too particularly. The big strategic issues about management research are about capacity, capability and delivery. In an era of knowledge production after modernism there is a more receptive context to meet the double hurdles of management research. Research without scholarly quality will satisfy no one and will certainly disable our capacity to meet the double hurdle of scholarly quality and relevance. A more contextualist and dynamic view of knowing needs to be supported by a re-engagement of management researchers with social scientists and users, a re-engagement between European management researchers and their colleagues in the USA and a period of experimentation and learning with all the potential partners out there waiting to engage with us.