"能说就要说"还是"能不说就不说" ——自愿性信息披露与企业创新

外部融资约束和内部代理冲突是制约企业创新的重要因素,降低二者对创新的不利影响需要高效的资本市场和互信的股东与经理层关系,这有赖于企业充分的信息披露.利用上市公司自愿性信息披露指数,探究自愿性信息披露能否促进企业创新,并从声誉效应、 治理效应和安全网效应三个方面深入研究其影响机理.结果表明,自愿性信息披露对企业创新绩效具有显著的提升作用,其影响机制是自愿性信息披露可以显著减轻企业融资约束和代理成本对创新的负面影响(声誉效应和治理效应),降低CEO离职业绩敏感性(安全网效应),从而促进企业创新.进一步研究发现,三种影响机制在国有企业并不显著,这可能与国有企业政策工具性和垄断性特征有关系.     

农业上市公司内部控制信息披露对融资约束的影响

农业上市公司由于产品生产周期长，存货占资产总额比重大，并且具有典型的生物性资产特征，使得公司在发展过程中不仅具有经营风险，同时也面临着较大的融资约束。农业上市公司内部控制信息披露对融资约束能够产生影响，并且公司处于生命周期不同阶段，其影响程度也不同。研究表明：上市公司内部控制信息披露对融资约束具有显著的负向影响，并且这种影响存在U型特征，当公司处于成长期阶段，内部控制信息披露对融资约束的负向影响程度最高，随着生命周期的演进，内部控制信息披露对融资约束的负向影响程度逐渐降低。另外，在内部控制五要素中，信息与沟通、内部监督信息的披露对融资约束具有显著的负向影响。     

上市公司信息披露质量与盈余管理关系的实证研究

目前,我国上市公司普遍存在着盈余管理,它严重影响着投资者的决策与相关各方的利益。国外学者在对信息披露与盈余管理关系的研究中指出二者存在负相关关系。选取2007-2010年深圳上市公司的数据,运用修正的Jones模型,对上市公司盈余管理及这些公司的信息披露质量进行相关性实证分析,发现我国上市公司信息披露质量与盈余管理也存在显著的负相关关系。为此,应对上市公司从完善上市公司内部治理结构及健全上市公司外部环境两个方面入手提升信息披露质量,进而实现抑制上市公司的盈余管理行为,确保投资者及利益相关者的利益,并促进上市公司的健康发展。     

企业核心能力信息披露研究

企业披露核心能力信息主要有社会经济环境的变化、资本市场的要求、企业自身不断发展等三个方面的动因。我国上市公司核心能力信息披露具有对内外信息披露相结合、突出风险及风险管理能力、以披露无形资源信息为主的特点。企业核心能力信息披露主要包括企业战略管理能力、价值识别和分析能力、价值实现能力、风险管理能力、创新管理能力、组织整合能力。企业核心能力信息披露方式主要有增加表内确认项目与表外补充说明相结合,编制单独核心能力信息报告进行披露和采用其他信息披露形式。     

东北三省上市公司环境信息披露的实证研究

对外部利益关系人和内部利益关系人的要求,是企业环境信息披露的动因。逆向选择模型与道德风险模型为企业环境信息披露提供了有力的理论支持。对东北三省上市公司环境信息的披露现状进行调查与分析的启示是:企业对环境问题的重视程度与政府的环境政策和环保法规的健全性、可操作性及检查的严肃性密切相关:只有设立强制性的规定,才有可能是企业环境信息的披露走上全面、系统、规范的轨道;应当建立与健全证券发行时的环境信息披露与持续经营过程的环境信息披露制度;要确定相对固定的环境报告方式并对环境会计信息披露提出规范要求。     

会计信息披露及对证券市场的影响

保护投资者利益,研究证券市场会计信息披露问题十分重要。目前,我国证券市场信息披露不真实、不充分和不及时问题依然存在。为保护投资者利益,完善信息披露制度,应扩大会计信息披露,完善公司治理结构,规范会计信息披露制度,健全信息披露法律体系。     

上市公司信息披露真实性博弈分析及对策

本文通过对上市公司虚假信息披露问题产生根源的描述,从非对称信息和博弈论的角度分析上市公司信息披露真实性问题的博弈模型与博弈均衡,提出抑制虚假信息披露的对策建议。     

我国上市公司信息披露的影响因素研究

上市公司进行有效合理的信息披露是证券市场健康、稳定发展的基石,要提高信息披露质量,辨析其影响因素并分析它们之间的作用关系,揭示信息披露的本质规律是关键。在概述了信息披露的理论基础、制度变迁,并对信息披露影响因素的相关文献进行了梳理之后,对我国上市公司信息披露的内外部影响因素进行研究,运用系统论的观点分析系统内各影响因素之间的相互作用关系。     

浅析上市公司收购信息披露制度

公司制度和证券市场日益发展的今天,上市公司收购已经成为广大公司谋求外部扩张的重要手段,为了保证上市公司收购的稳定、持续、健康发展,一个完善的上市公司收购的法律体系就显得格外的重要。目前来说,上市公司收购的信息披露制度是实现上市公司收购功能的前提,是防止收购中欺诈和权利滥用的保证,是进行上市公司收购监管的主要方式。     

国外会计信息披露模式的新发展

信息的失真与滞后是传统的会计信息披露模式难以逾越的障碍,如何更新会计信息披露的模式成为会计工作者研究的重要课题。国际会计准则委员会建议使用可扩展的企业报告语言为用户提供相关信息。美国会计学者沃尔曼提出了“进入会计”的思想,尝试着运用信息技术改进现行的会计信息披露模式。本文是对这一观念的介绍与进一步探讨。     

HIV Diagnosis Disclosure: Stigma Management and Stigma Resistance

This article reports diagnosis disclosure decision comments arising serendipitously in five focus group discussions with 34 HIV-infected New Yorkers over age 50. Three overarching disclosure themes demonstrate the complexity of diagnosis disclosure decision-making: (a) hiding or selectively disclosing, or stigma management; (b) partial disclosure because of the perception of partial control of the information; and (c) widespread or complete voluntary diagnosis disclosure, representing stigma resistance. Social workers and other human services practitioners should remember the diversity in the HIV population, the aging population, and the HIV-positive aging population. Experiences of HIV stigma and choices about diagnosis disclosure and stigma management or resistance are individual, reciprocal, and dynamic.     

Preferences and Expectations for Delivering Bad News Among Korean Older Adults

ABSTRACT

 The purpose of this study was to explore Korean older adults’ perspectives toward physicians’ disclosure of serious illness to patients. Seventy Korean older adults residing in the community were interviewed in person using a semistructured interview guide. Major themes included conflicting desires among participants to: 1) inform the patient directly, 2) inform the patient indirectly, and 3) inform only the family. Subthemes under the first theme included: a) decision making about treatment, b) planning and preparation for the future, c) need for use of an ethical standard, d) consideration of patient coping responses, and e) disclosure of serious illness as a relational process. Disclosure of bad news is more than revealing or concealing information. Needs and preferences regarding to what extent and how information is delivered differ by culture. Thus, understanding preferred communication pathways for advanced care planning in specific cultural frameworks is important. Future studies using clear concepts and measures about serious illness disclosure can better prepare health care professionals in interacting with those from minority cultures. In addition, studies of those with poor health status from diverse cultural groups may further assist social workers to tailor interventions to accommodate cultural needs and expectations in end-of-life settings.     

以数字社区为切入点建设和谐的社会生活共同体

把城乡社区建设成为管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和的和谐社会生活共同体是党的十七大提出的重大目标,利用互联网络及社区信息化平台建设现代化数字社区则对建设管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和的社会生活共同体有重要的推动作用。它是实现居民自治的硬件基础;是实现管理有序的依托平台;它为完善服务提供网络资源;为实现文明祥和、环境和谐提供精神保障。     

美、日地方政府债务管理及其对我国的启示

地方财政困难和债务危机是当前我国财政领域的一个突出问题,通过分析我国当前地方政府债务管理的现状,详细阐释美国和日本的地方政府债务管理特点和方式,认为我国应该从制度上建立健全完善的地方政府债务管理组织架构、债务预算管理模式和债务信息公开披露制度等。     

我国社会保障管理信息系统构建探析

社会保障即是保障公民基本生存权利的重要体现,也是保障社会经济稳定发展的重要因素,而使用信息技术对社会保障工作进行管理升级必将是未来社会保障管理工作的发展趋势。解决目前社会保障管理系统建设中存在的体制、技术、人才等问题,就需要适应政策变化,扩大系统覆盖面;建设统一的信息管理系统,实现数据充分集中;加大资金、技术、人才投入,确保信息安全;体现“以人为本”,向服务型系统转变。     

Conflict of Interest Policies and Industry Relationships of Guideline Development Group Members: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression

Because of increased attention to the issue of trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines, it may be that both transparency and management of industry associations of guideline development groups (GDGs) have improved. The purpose of the present study was to assess a) the disclosure requirements of GDGs in a cross-section of guidelines for major depression; and, b) the extent and type of conflicts of panel members. Treatment guidelines for major depression were identified and searched for conflict of interest policies and disclosure statements. Multi-modal screens for undeclared conflicts were also conducted. Fourteen guidelines with a total of 172 panel members were included in the analysis. Eleven of the 14 guidelines (78%) had a stated conflict of interest policy or disclosure statement, although the policies varied widely. Most (57%) of the guidelines were developed by panels that had members with industry financial ties to drug companies that manufacture antidepressant medication. However, only a minority of total panel members (18%) had such conflicts of interest. Drug company speakers bureau participation was the most common type of conflict. Although some progress has been made, organizations that develop guidelines should continue to work toward greater transparency and minimization of financial conflicts of interest.     

Weighing the Public Interest in the Disclosure of Government Information

Disclosure of government information involves the interests of the applicant, third parties and the public. Both systems for assessment of the public interest and the lessening importance of the applicant’s qualifications make public interest the principal driver for disclosure of information. Exemptions to disclosure contain an implicit public interest. In conflicts between opposing interests over disclosure and non-disclosure, public interest is the key to balancing interests. Public interests supporting disclosure are related to such values as the right to know, democracy and public participation, whereas the interests supporting non-disclosure tend to be implicit in the exemptions to disclosure. Multiple interest entities and the two-sidedness of public interest increase the complexity of weighing the interests involved. Full and comprehensive analysis of interests and the exclusion of unrelated considerations are the premise for assessment of interests. Prioritizing the public interest and prioritizing openness are institutional values of the laws on disclosure of information and the fundamental principle for assessing interests.     

Information transparency and equilibrium selection in coordination games: an experimental study

We experimentally investigate the role of information transparency for equilibrium selection in stag hunt coordination games. These games can be transformed from a prisoner’s dilemma game by introducing a centralized reward or punishment scheme. We aim to explore the impact of the disclosure of information on how final payoffs are derived on players’ incentive to coordinate on the payoff-dominant equilibrium. We find that such information disclosure significantly increases the tendency of players to play the payoff-dominant strategy and reduces the occurrence of coordination failure. The mechanism works directly through the positive impact of disclosure on the saliency of the payoff-dominant equilibrium, and indirectly through the positive influence of disclosure on players’ belief about the likelihood of cooperation by the opponent.     

国外关于书面情感表露的研究综述

大量文献证明，情感的表露有助于个体的心理健康。然而，在大多数传统的心理治疗理论中，关于情感表露的研究主要集中在思想或感觉的口头表达上。然而，对于个体来说，并不是所有的情感都可以通过口头表露表达出来的，有些情感需要通过书面的形式表露。近来，国外一些关于个体情感经历的书面表露的研究表明，情感的书面表露对个体的心理和生理健康都有益处。本文总结了国外书面情感表露研究的基本范式和研究成果，讨论了记录的效果的机制及影响表露效果的因素问题。有关其隐含的理论还有待进一步探讨。     

The Role of Housing Managers in the Implementation of Community Care

This article will outline the response of housing management to the implementation of community care policy in the North East. It will locate housing's role within the broader development of community care policy, and briefly review the reasons for housing's relatively late arrival as a key partner, alongside social services and health, in the planning and delivery of services. Using information gathered from interviews with housing professionals, part-time housing students, voluntary organizations, and workers within health and social services, it outlines and evaluates five main factors which appear to be affecting the successful integration of housing management into the process of planning and delivering community care services in the North East.