政府主导下的社区居家养老服务运行困境——基于杭州市四个社区的实证分析

社区居家养老服务模式已成为老龄化社会的重要选择,然而其在实际运行中仍暴露出四个方面的困境:政策困境、服务体系构建困境、“行政社区”困境和服务资源整合困境.对杭州经验的分析概括,目的是能进一步完善社区居家养老服务机制,提升养老服务的水平.     

“生活型”政策视阈下的医养结合养老服务研究

中国已进入老龄化社会,医疗和养老成为老年人两大需求。医养结合养老服务作为社会福利政策,在应对人口老龄化,回应老年人健康养老需求方面起到了积极作用。与此同时,也面临一些困境。本文从"生活型"社会政策视角就当前医养结合养老服务中出现的困境进行分析,并就构建"生活型"医养结合养老服务政策提出建议。     

社区居家养老医养结合服务模式比较研究

社区居家养老是中国老年人首选的养老方式。老年人的医疗需求日益增长,开展医养结合服务能有效破解我国"医养分离"的养老困境。目前国内外多地开展社区居家养老医养结合服务取得良好成效,但缺乏规律分析,没有形成一个可复制的模式。在比较分析国内外各地经验做法的基础上,构建具有普适意义的社区居家养老医养结合服务模式,以期对中国社区居家养老医养结合服务发展提供参考。     

上海福苑：养老机构规范化建设助推器

在2009年9月召开的“中欧养老服务业发展论坛”上，民政部社会福利和慈善事业促进司王振耀司长就“中国养老服务业的现状与前景”作了重要讲话，提出“解决中国养老服务业发展困境的关键在于：业内知识生产方式的转型、需要组建多种领域而又中外结合的养老服务咨询公司”的观点。     

江苏泰州市:立足需求 完善居家养老服务

正泰州市人口老龄化形势严峻,为破解养老服务难题,弥补传统家庭养老和机构养老的不足,泰州市大力发展社区居家养老服务,努力实现老年人养老不离家的愿望。为积极应对人口老龄化,回应老年人多元化养老需求,建议应从"八个强化"入手,着力发挥居家养老基础性作用,让全市老年人安享幸福晚年。传统养老困境养老机构供给严重不足。截至2013年底,泰州市拥有各类养老福利机构149所、床位29670张,每千     

普惠型居家社区养老服务的模式创新——以北京市养老服务联合体为例

我国居家社区养老服务正经历着“保基本—适度普惠—普惠”的转变过程,谁能长期地提供普惠型养老服务是当前亟须厘清的问题。通过规范分析法,基于利益共同体理论,从“共识”“共赢”“可持续”和“内部结构”进行分析发现,当前居家社区养老存在着以下发展桎梏：价值共识未达成;劳动密集型特征明显,创新发展程度缓慢;建设者与运营者为一体,服务市场良莠不齐;养老市场服务链未完善,信息不对称与碎片化并存。究其背后原因,在于有效需求未满足、资源诅咒、能力欠缺及质量缺陷。以北京市养老服务联合体为例,从价值空间、物理空间、社会空间及技术空间的四维生产进行回应,认为能通过服务模式的创新、特定情境的拓展、社会关系网络的缔联及保障老年人数字权益的方式消解困境。     

居家养老的困境与出路——探索一种适合中国国情的养老模式

面对汹涌而至的"银发浪潮",如何让老年人安享晚年,消除人口老龄化给社会经济可持续发展带来的负面影响,这已经成为全社会普遍关心的问题。虽然居家养老在解决我国现阶段的养老困境方面有家庭养老和机构养老所没有的优势,但如今也正经历着制约制度发展的"瓶颈"而陷入了困境。因此,应积极探讨完善居家养老的方法和对策,使其更加符合我国的国情,成为一种真正适宜中国国情的养老模式。     

"三社联动"下专业社会工作嵌入社区养老服务的实践路径

"三社联动"供给社区养老服务作为一种养老服务新模式,是在当前老龄化日益严重的背景下满足庞大养老服务需求的新思路和新方法.这一模式通过联动社区、社会组织和社会工作,能在一定程度上弥补家庭养老和机构养老的短板.其中,专业社会工作的主动嵌入,能够产生知识获取效应、治理效应与共享效应三大效应,提升服务供给水平.这个过程需有机融合各方要素,克服信任问题与组织问题两大困境,从品牌宣传、职责确定、专业水平与组织结构四方面着手,夯实基础,维护网络,增进信任,培育组织,以谋求"三社联动"社区养老服务的深化和发展.     

社区照顾——养老模式的新探索

社区照顾作为一种理念,最先由英国提出。社区照顾的服务对象包括所有有需要的社区成员,而对长者的照顾最能体现社区照顾的特点与优势。社区照顾的养老模式是通过各种社区资源的调动使居家养老的长者能够在他们熟悉的社区环境下维持独立的生活,又获得必要的照顾。这种方式对于目前我国机构养老的床位不足的困境,应该是很好的补充。     

农村养老服务资金保障的困境与出路

农村养老服务资金保障的困境 投入与资源严重不足,供给与需求矛盾尖锐 中国长期实行的是城乡二元分割体制,一直对农村养老服务工作缺乏重视,国家和集体对农村养老服务工作的资金投入严重不足。     

Research Review: Teenage pregnancy and motherhood: the contribution of support

This paper aims to provide a critical analysis of the role of support in teenage motherhood. Family, partner and peer support are considered and literature emanating from both the USA and UK is reviewed. In summary the research literature indicates that family support is particularly important to teenage mothers and has been found to have a positive influence on parenting behaviours and practices. However, the mother–daughter relationship is not always a straightforward one and conflict between the two can diminish some of the positive impact. The research on partner support highlights how support from fathers and/or other male partners has been linked with improved financial and psychological outcomes for teenage mothers as well as having a positive influence on parenting behaviours. There is also evidence to suggest that support from partners may become increasingly important to teenage mothers over time and can be a valuable source of socializing participation and positive feedback. While the research available on peer support is much more limited it suggests that the emotional support of peers is perceived as being important by teenage mothers. Current research findings suggest that families, partners and peers tend to provide different, but complementary, forms of support for teenage mothers which, on the whole, appear to contribute to more positive outcomes for this group.     

Informal support and psychological well-being of older Chinese community residents

Social support is a critical factor in the well-being of older Chinese adults. Studies have found positive relationships between social support and psychological well-being. The findings, however, vary by kind of support. This article examines the relationships among objective and subjective social support from family members and close friends and three measures of psychological well-being, including loneliness, depression, and life satisfaction. The study sample consisted of 298 elderly Chinese community residents from Chongqing, China. The relationships between objective social support from family and friends and psychological well-being were, for the most part, not statistically significant. The relationships between subjective social support and well-being were fairly robust and statistically significant.     

中国林业扶持的依据

中国目前经济发展的程度和所处的阶段,已有能力和条件转向对林业的适度扶持.林业的供给与需求的重要性决定了必须对林业进行扶持.林业的弱质性是林业扶持的现实依据.尽管中国已消灭了森林资源赤字,实现了森林资源面积和蓄积双增长的局面,但中国林业的发展仍面临一系列严重问题,构成必然对林业进行扶持的迫切依据.     

The Melanoma Patient Exchange: Insights from a Supportive Group Intervention for Melanoma Patients and their Caregivers

Melanoma is one of the fastest growing cancers worldwide, and the psychosocial impact of its diagnosis and treatment can be substantial. The authors implemented a support group for melanoma patients and caregivers to address a gap in support services. The authors describe insights from the first year of the program, including group format and dynamics, participant feedback, and satisfaction. Feedback was collected using the Group Session Rating Scale and two open-ended questions. Sixty-six members participated and responses demonstrated high satisfaction with the group (Mean = 38.7/40.0). Similar organizations may utilize these strategies to provide a support group option for their population of interest.     

Grief Support Groups Used by Few—

Abstract

Few adult bereaved attend closed grief support groups, yet many of those who do attend say they are extremely helpful. This research explores factors influencing support group attendance, and the extent to which bereavement support needs are being met. Focus group discussions reveal that a broad scope of sources of support is available to the bereaved. Results show what is seen as unhelpful to them, and what might be more helpful to them. The study indicates many adult bereaved suffer from an overall lack of support and would benefit from more caring overtures from those around them. Findings from this small frontline hospice bereavement study point toward ideas for adjustments in support groups and innovative bereavement education and programming.     

家庭功能变迁中的养老选择

进入人口老龄化的中国正处于高速转型期。社会结构、社会的价值观念等都发生着剧烈的变化。而这一切又正冲击着家庭的养老功能,形成养老方式多样化的格局。不过无论这些养老方式走向何方,居住方式皆是养老选择的一项重要影响因素。     

北京城市贫困家庭的社会支持网

本文在问卷抽样调查的基础上对北京城市贫困家庭社会支持网的规模、功能、关系构成及各类关系的支持作用进行了分析。研究发现,社会支持网的平均规模为2.21;社会支持网的功能以无偿经济援助和精神支持为主,在劳务支持方面有一定作用,但在为贫困家庭解决就业问题方面,作用十分有限;以近亲(父母、兄弟姐妹)为主的亲属是贫困家庭获取社会支持的最主要来源,其他亲戚在各种支持中的作用都很弱,而非亲属在就业支持方面有较大作用。     

Counting family support

Preventative family support approaches are positioned as central to child welfare policy reforms aiming to address the problems of relying upon investigation and out‐of‐home care as the main modes of intervention. Extensive claims are made for family support but relatively little is known about its scope, processes and impact. This study examines the provision of family support in one jurisdiction. A census‐type survey of family support services in one Australian state was conducted using a performance measurement framework in which inputs, outputs, processes and outcomes were measured. Family support services constituted a minor part of child welfare expenditure. They provided a narrow range of service types, and most families received short duration, low intensity services. Workers had difficulty identifying the specific child and family needs that were met by services. For family support to be a genuinely alternative response to concerns about the care of children, it must be capable of making an observable difference in the lives of families experiencing serious difficulties. The collection of aggregate performance data on family support would assist in understanding the nature and outcomes of service provision, as well as ensure family support is ‘counted’ in measurement‐orientated policy and budget processes.     

A comparison of state support for young people leaving care in Norway and Sweden: Differences within comparable welfare systems

The aim of this article is to account for and discuss support to young care leavers within the comparable welfare regimes of Norway and Sweden and to explore key differences between these 2 countries. This model implies that children and young people are included and entitled to support through being family members, not as independent actors in their own right. This makes young care leaver's transition from care to adulthood problematic—as they often do not have access to family support, they may be positioned in a vacuum where they are clients neither entitled to support from the child welfare system nor supported by their families of origin. In Norway, legislators and policymakers have agreed that care leavers need particular attention and targeted support, whereas in Sweden, there has been no such agreement. However, the Norwegian system of giving leaving care services is not strong enough to provide transition support to all care leavers, even if the legislation gives stronger protection than in Sweden. The article discusses the need for targeted measures of support for a successful care‐leaving process.     

The social support in kinship foster care: a way to enhance resilience

This paper analyses how social support enhances family resilience in kinship foster families by involving the families in an educational group programme. Sixty‐two kinship foster families from Spain participated in the research. The data were collected before the programme (interviews) and after the programme (interviews and focus groups), and these were analysed by content analysis with the programme Atlas.ti. The results show that the factors that contribute most to the development of family resilience are as follows: (i) feeling able to look for solutions when facing problems; (ii) an increase of their network of formal support; (iii) being able to offer support to other foster families; and (iv) feeling that the support they give to parents' foster children is socially recognized.