社会工作介入环境群体性事件预防的机制与路径--基于大数据视角

预防因环境污染问题引发的群体性事件，是当前社会治理的难题。利用大数据，改进传统个案、小组、社区工作的方法来应对邻避效应，帮助社区居民缓解对环境污染的抗争情绪，建立预防环境群体性事件的社会工作介入机制与路径。社会工作扎根于社区，搭建社区线下数据平台和网络线上数据平台，收集、分析、预判社区居民对环境污染事件的态度、行为反应，挖掘社区舆情信息，捕捉居民心理状态，为服务对象开展点对点的情绪疏导、困难帮扶、社区反馈、微治理、网络社会工作等专业服务，制定精准关顾策略，达到预防目标。     

推进精神扶贫的路径选择

精神扶贫工作必须从瞄准扶贫对象,加强教育,精神与物质扶贫结合,加强干部队伍建设等方面着手,才能有序开展工作,实现贫困人员的精神脱贫。     

甘肃民族地区旅游扶贫效应的调查研究

在中国,民族地区、贫困地区与旅游资源富集区具有高度的重叠性,旅游开发成为民族地区反贫困的主要手段。以甘南州迭部县为调查对象,通过问卷调查、二手资料收集、实地观察和深度访谈等手段获取相关资料和数据,对其旅游扶贫效应进行调查分析。结果显示:旅游开发对贫困减缓有一定的促进作用,大部分社区居民对旅游开发带来的经济效应感知明显,对社会文化效应及环境效应认同程度相对不高,对旅游开发带来的负面效应大多表示认同和担忧;民族地区社区居民参与旅游扶贫的现状不乐观,参与水平低、范围窄,存在不少制约因素,进而影响旅游扶贫开发的综合效应。建议以社区导向理念指导民族地区旅游扶贫开发,每一个主体的利益都应得到充分的保护,集合各种推动力量使民族旅游能够得到永续发展。     

社会工作介入农村精准扶贫：阿马蒂亚?森的赋权增能视角

阿马蒂亚?森的权力贫困观和能力贫困观，为我国精准扶贫工作提供了基本伦理——赋权增能。社会工作的专业理念和实践经验，与扶贫、赋权增能有着天然的亲和性，在赋权增能的视角下，研究社会工作如何介入农村精准扶贫具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。本文设想了社会工作介入农村精准扶贫的四条路径：第一，从“外力推动模式”，渐次推进到“内力推动模式”；第二，以精准识别主体需求为起点，定制增权计划；第三，以文化教育服务为基点，推升贫困农民综合素养；第四，以自治经济组织为依托，挖掘脱贫的内生动力。然而，社会工作有效介入农村精准扶贫尚面临着一系列的困境，主要包括：在扶贫体系中的定位和分工尚不清晰，农村社会工作队伍的规模化、专业化、职业化严重滞后，实践中易出现专业融合和文化识盲问题。     

扶贫扶心:乡村振兴背景下贫困地区青少年心理健康教育服务模式探索——基于云南X县的调研和实践

治贫先治愚,扶贫先扶智。只有靠教育,才能真正阻断贫困的代际传递。在贫困地区,青少年的心理健康问题是一个不容忽视的问题。留守儿童、家庭暴力、学校欺凌、情感缺失等等现象,在农村地区,尤其是贫困农村地区体现的非常明显。扶贫先扶志,要让贫困群众变"要我脱贫"为"我要脱贫",这是战胜贫困的动力;扶贫要扶智,要通过知识使贫困群众摆脱愚昧和落后,这是战胜贫困的本领;扶贫也要扶心,要通过心理健康知识的普及,使青少年的生活中充满阳光,这是他们战胜贫困的心理支持!在扶贫"扶志+扶智"的方程式中,加入一个"心"元素,用"扶心"为孩子们的成长注阳光,探索一条适合贫困地区的青少年心理健康教育服务体系,是我们工作的一个重要内容。     

社会工作在城市社区建设中的创新与发展

在推进我国社会工作职业化的进程中，城市社区是一个广阔的平台。通过专业理论、方法和技巧运用于社区，可以不断回应居民的需求、提升居民的能力、推动社区的和谐。目前，城市社区建设依然存在较多的缺陷与不足，主要是：行政管理的理念和方式，社区管理与服务实践中职能和角色模糊，社区服务的模式粗放、经验主义式的运作，社区中人际关系渐趋淡漠，社区工作者年龄普遍偏大、     

学校社会工作介入高校贫困生帮助模式的探索

社会工作是一种帮助人和解决社会问题的工作,其助人自助的理念,与高校贫困生帮助模式的持续发展的理念相一致。学校社会工作主要通过个案工作、小组工作和社区工作的专业技巧辅助贫困生正确看待物质贫困和心理贫困,从微观和宏观的角度解决贫困生＂双贫困＂问题。这种帮助模式改变了以往贫困生资助体系的粗放式状态而以精细的角度帮助有困难的学生提高适应学习和生活的能力,克服成长中的障碍。     

学校社会工作介入高校贫困生帮助模式的探索

社会工作是一种帮助人和解决社会问题的工作,其助人自助的理念,与高校贫困生帮助模式的持续发展的理念相一致。学校社会工作主要通过个案工作、小组工作和社区工作的专业技巧辅助贫困生正确看待物质贫困和心理贫困,从微观和宏观的角度解决贫困生"双贫困"问题。这种帮助模式改变了以往贫困生资助体系的粗放式状态而以精细的角度帮助有困难的学生提高适应学习和生活的能力,克服成长中的障碍。     

当前中国城市扶贫工作中的贫困界定问题

科学、合理地界定城市贫困,是开展城市扶贫工作的前提。如果仅从字面上理解,城市贫困应当是指发生在城市区域内的各种贫困现象,凡是在城市区域内生活困难的人群,都应该是城市扶贫工作的对象。但是,目前在实际的扶贫工作中,对于城市贫困的界定还存在着各种各样的问题。     

"三全育人"理念下高职院校资助育人功能实现路径研究

"三全育人"理念的提出体现了国家对高校教育工作和管理工作的重视,这也提醒高校要加强学生思想政治教育工作,促进学生的全面发展.实施资助育人能够全面贯彻党和政府教育扶贫、精准扶贫的重大战略部署,阻断贫困代际传递.高职院校所具有的资助育人功能也应该在"三全育人"理念下得到不断进步和发展.该文主要对目前高校资助现状和资助育人实现路径展开研究和讨论.     

单亲贫困家庭子女学校适应问题与社会工作的介入策略——以安徽省某街道五户家庭子女为例

采用定性研究方法,通过对安徽省合肥市蜀山区某街道的五户单亲贫困家庭子女进行深入访谈,从学业层面、情绪层面、人际层面分别了解他们对生活的感受与理解,提出他们在学校适应方面存在着一定的困难和障碍,以及社会工作有相应的介入空间。尝试从专业视角出发,采用赋权理论,探讨社会工作介入的必要性、可能性,以及社会工作介入的途径与方法。社会工作的介入,既有助于帮助他们更好地适应因家庭环境不良在学校所陷入的困境,提升他们应对学校适应困难和解决问题的能力,也有利于解决由单亲贫困家庭所带来的系列社会问题,维持社会秩序、实现社会稳定。     

Crossing Boundaries: An Exercise in Partnership Provision

Correspondence to Bill Whyte, Department of Social Work, University of Edinburgh, Adam Ferguson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LL Summary The international movement to develop school enhancement strategiesin secondary schools recognizes the important relationship betweenschool, family, and community as a crucial medium for assistingdisadvantaged children (Crowson and Boyd, 1993). These childrenare equally the responsibility of social work and other publicservices. Many local authorities in Scotland throughout the1980s established what have become known as ‘youth strategies’to improve formal co-operation between education and socialwork, health and police services. This was an attempt to ensureearly identification of young people's difficulties in the expectationof promoting social welfare, enhancing educational attainment,and preventing, among other things, school absent-eeism andthe difficulties associated with school failure. In recent years,the ambition of such strategies has been to focus on primary-agedchildren and their families, as a preventive and protectiveapproach to the damaging effects of multiple disadvantage. Thispaper reports on an innovative project which was establishedto assist pre-school children experiencing multiple disadvantageto make a successful transition from home to primary school.The importance of good collaborative service provision is highlighted, together with an exploration of parents as educators,the provision of social services in an educational settiog.and issues of multi-disciplinary provision.     

Food Access Among Elderly Japanese People

With a rapidly growing aging society, many elderly people in Japan have been facing difficulties of shopping in their daily life. Recently, this phenomenon has been found in urban areas, especially local cities. This growth of the aging society, combined with alterations to the food supply system, has caused food insecurity over a large area.The food insecurity may induce poor nutrition and disease in elderly people. The Ministries and local governments have taken measures for improving food access. Although NGOs, social organizations and the private sector manage social‐related businesses in many areas, they also rely on government funding. This paper proposes solutions for stakeholders to alleviate this considerable issue: (i) share research outcome, (ii) organize platforms for discussion, and (iii) strengthen community empowerment.     

Non‐Governmental Organizations' Role for Social Capital and Community Empowerment in Community Development: Experience from Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to investigate contributions by non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) to social capital and community empowerment that facilitate community development. A multi‐method research approach was conducted, where a number of qualitative data collection methods were employed. Data was collected from two indigenous communities, goldsmith and blacksmith, served by two NGOs—Proshika and Practical Action Bangladesh (PAB). The findings showed that both NGOs played a substantial role in social capital development and community empowerment toward community development. The findings of this study will provide valuable input to the community development field.     

An international definition of social work for China

There are differing opinions on how far the international values and internationally understood practice of social work, as epitomised by the international definition on social work, can apply universally to all countries, notably China. The lack of capacity in the Chinese social work community to develop evidence-based and adaptable practice has hindered the effective learning and systematic 'indigenisation' of overseas social work knowledge. This article argues that the international definition can serve as an active working platform where Chinese social workers and the international social work community can search for commonalities and facilitate mutual understanding. Social workers can only effectively respond to the trends towards globalisation by trying to find out more about their common identity and similarities through interactions, while at the same time showing more acceptance of the differences between countries.     

新生代农民工社会工作支持研究

作为"80后"的新生代农民工相对于传统农民工在经济、社会和心理层面对社会工作支持有新的利益诉求。社会工作可以从制度、社区、企业、家庭等层面针对该群体从不同角度提供最直接、最基本的社会服务,帮助他们融入城市。     

社区教育：高职院校社会资本生成的重要载体

文章在回顾我国学校社会资本作用和生成途径研究现状的基础上，指出我国学校社会资本研究存在的不足，提出社区教育是高职院校生成社会资本的重要载体，主要表现在四个方面：一是通过开展社区教育活动，汲取更多的社会资源；二是通过成立社区教育研究与指导中心，构建社会关系网络；三是通过开展社区教育研究，赢取社会信任；四是通过政府赋予的社...     

Towards Establishing School Social Work in Malaysia

This paper calls for the introduction of school social work in Malaysia. Many industrialized countries have introduced school social work, partly because teachers are not able to tackle students' personal and social problems. Teachers are burdened with teaching tasks and are not trained to handle social problems. The introduction of school social work in these developed countries was an admission that there was only so much teachers could do in addressing the problems of school children. Even with school counselors, the problems have not decreased. Many parents in Malaysia perceive schools to be incapable of providing sufficient education to excel in the major exams. The existence of many private tuition institutions and private teachers is a testimony to that perception. If society has already deemed these teachers to be incapable of providing quality education, to expect them to look after students' social problems is presumptuous on society's part. The need for school personnel who understand the social ills of the community is urgently needed, and it is the contention of this paper that school social workers are best equipped for that responsibility.     

Peer relationships during late childhood in internationally adopted and institutionalized children

The aim of this study was to analyse the interpersonal relationships in the school context of children living in different care settings (adoptive families, residential care centres, birth families). Participants were 76 children between eight and fourteen years of age (M = 10.78, SD = 1.38), belonging to one of three groups: international adoptees, children living in residential care in Spanish institutions, and a comparison sample of Spanish children living with their birth families with no connection with child protection. Sociometric information was collected in the classroom of each child during school hours. Internationally adopted children from Russia showed considerable difficulties in their relationships with peers; they were more likely to be rejected and their peers described them as less prosocial and somewhat more aggressive. With a better sociometric position than the adoptees, children in residential care were rated by their peers as more aggressive and less prosocial than the normative population. Coordination and integrated work between the family, protection centres, schools, and other social services should be a strategic priority in the promotion of healthy social development in these groups of children.     

打工子弟学校社会工作的实践与反思——以北京市打工子弟学校教育援助项目为例

打工子弟虽然大多已有条件接受基础教育,但他们普遍存在社会适应、城市融入、人际交往的能力差以及亲子沟通障碍等问题。为了解决这些问题,帮助打工子弟在大城市健康成长,我们尝试在两所北京市打工子弟学校运用学校社会工作的方法开展了一系列服务,包括个案、小组和社区教育等。通过这些服务,服务对象在个人卫生习惯、人际交往等方面比以前有了显著改善,不少打工子弟尊重和关心他人的意识增强,架设了学校、打工子弟、打工子弟家长三位一体的沟通桥梁。但是,我们的服务也暴露出了一些不足,比如个案工作开展得不够深入、社会动员不够等。导致这些问题的原因包括实习学生经验不足和未能充分利用社会支持系统等方面。以上问题,希望在今后进一步服务过程中能够加以避免和克服。