基于B-S模型的订单农业供应链协调机制研究

基于订单农业特点及实践中普通存在的"保底收购,随行就市"订单价格机制,构建了"公司+农户"型订单农业供应链的决策模型.研究发现传统的"保底收购,随行就市"的价格机制并不能很好地协调此类"公司+农户"型订单农业供应链.为此,提出了一种"B-S期权定价+生产协作+保证金"的合同机制来协调此类订单农业供应链.研究结果表明,公司可以通过套期保值工具——期权来降低其市场风险,从而保证公司、农户都能获得相对稳定的收益,增强"公司+农户"型订单农业供应链的稳健性.另外,实施该协调机制后,"公司+农户"型订单农业供应链可以实现完美协调,并且公司与农户双方的利益均得到改善.     

农业产业化经营关键因素分析——以广东温氏公司技术管理与内部价格结算为例

技术创新有助于农业企业获取超额利润,而技术创新成果在转化为利润之前还需要经过推广、实施和回收等技术管理过程。相比制造业企业,"公司+农户"模式中的农业企业在进行技术管理时面临着农户非员工化、生产开放化所带来的各种困难,阻碍了技术创新转化为利润。对温氏公司的案例研究表明,良好的企业内部价格结算机制在保障农户利益的前提下,能够在技术管理过程中有效防止农户投机性市场交易行为,克服技术管理中的难题,确保企业获取技术创新利润,进而稳固"公司+农户"这一农业产业化经营模式。     

基于博弈模型的“公司+农户”模式契约稳定性及模式优化

为探索解决"公司+农户"模式违约问题的优化模式和对策,通过静态博弈模型揭示了"公司+农户"模式违约问题的根本原因是市场风险的存在,并得出了稳定的"公司+农户"模式的价格波动区间;契约稳定性模型揭示了"利益共享"的分配机制、"公司+农户"经营模式交易费用的降低、约束机制的加强和信誉机制的建立都有利于"公司+农户"经营模式的稳定和发展。引入期货、期货期权对"公司+农户"模式进行优化,通过博弈模型分析得出:"公司+农户+期货"优化模式能解决公司的违约问题,但没能解决农户的机会主义行为和违约问题;"公司+农户+期货期权"优化模式从根本上扼制了农户的违约行为,规避了公司远期合约的市场风险,稳定了公司未来的得益和农产品货源,也解决了公司的风险和违约问题。     

新型订单农业合作模式的优化模型分析

根据当前的中央脱贫政策,本文考虑到脱贫方式,提出了基于新型合作模式的订单农业方式,构建了新型订单农业优化模型。首先根据区域经济发展需要成立一个农业合作社,农户以土地面积比例入股,合作社通过与农产品收购公司谈判并签订收购合同来获得收益,并把收益的一部分用于农户分红。合作社聘用职业经理负责经营,除此之外,合作社还会按所入股份给农户提供一份固定费用以保证农户的收益。根据上述内容构建了一个新的"农户+合作社+收购公司"型三级新型订单农业供应链优化模型,并在条件风险（CVaR）度量准则下得出合作社在不同风险规避度下的具体收益,在保证农户和合作社收益的前提下,建立相应的约束优化模型,利用拉格朗日函数及其相应的KKT条件得出农户加入合作社可获得更多利益的最小土地面积和合作社应提供的最小固定费用。     

深化农村经济体制改革建立和完善农业产业化利益共享机制

现阶段我区农业产业化经营利益分配的主要形式。自由交易型。根据市场需求,乡镇政府有关部门与农户签订生产“订单”,这种“订单”仅是一种实现农业生产计划的手段。企业通过市场活动对农户的产品现货收购,自由买卖,价格随行就市。这一类型在我区占大部分。     

CVaR准则下“公司+农户”模式的天气看跌期权契约北大核心CSCDCSSCI

农业是对天气变化最为敏感的行业之一,不利天气影响农业生产并使“公司+农户”模式面临着低履约率的窘境.为此,以倒春寒的低温不利天气为例,建立了天气影响下由风险厌恶农户与风险中性公司组成的“公司+农户”型农产品供应链决策模型,并运用条件风险价值(CVaR)准则构建了农户的决策目标函数,进而提出了改进的保护价格契约.研究发现该契约可以克服农资投入水平的扭曲问题,但不能消除不利天气对公司与农户双方利润的不利影响.对此,基于改进保护价格契约设计了天气看跌期权契约.研究发现该契约能够实现供应链的完美协调,并且在该契约下不利天气的变化不会改变供应链的协调状态,这意味着公司购买天气看跌期权能够外化不利天气风险,从而保障公司与农户的稳定增收.     

CVaＲ准则下“公司 + 农户”模式的天气看跌期权契约

农业是对天气变化最为敏感的行业之一，不利天气影响农业生产并使“公司 + 农户”模式面临着低履约率的窘境． 为此，以倒春寒的低温不利天气为例，建立了天气影响下由风险厌恶农户与风险中性公司组成的“公司 + 农户”型农产品供应链决策模型，并运用条件风险价值(CVaＲ) 准则构建了农户的决策目标函数，进而提出了改进的保护价格契约． 研究发现该契约可以克服农资投入水平的扭曲问题，但不能消除不利天气对公司与农户双方利润的不利影响．对此，基于改进保护价格契约设计了天气看跌期权契约． 研究发现该契约能够实现供应链的完美协调，并且在该契约下不利天气的变化不会改变供应链的协调状态，这意味着公司购买天气看跌期权能够外化不利天气风险，从而保障公司与农户的稳定增收．     

不利天气影响下“公司+农户”型订单契约设计

不利天气影响农业生产并使订单农业中各成员在履约过程中遭遇不可控风险,针对这一问题,构建了由风险厌恶的农户与风险中性的公司组成的两级农产品供应链随机利润模型,在条件风险价值(CVaR)准则下,建立了具有风险厌恶特性农户的CVaR决策模型,比较分析了不利天气对集中式与分散式决策模式下最优决策的影响。研究发现不利天气降低了供应链绩效而农户的风险厌恶特性则加剧了双边际效应,对此,设计了一种与天气指数和农户风险厌恶度相关的改进收益共享契约。研究表明:公司可依据不利天气影响的结果来设计订单契约以激励双方成为"收益共享、风险共担"的统一体,此外,在实施该订单契约后可实现农产品供应链的完美共赢协调,这弥补了分散式决策下的效率损失并增强了供应链系统的稳健性。     

大竹县黑花生产业的现状、问题及对策

大竹县黑花生产业,应以市场为导向,以科技为支撑,以专业合作组织(企业龙头)为纽带,以基地做示范和保障,实行"合作社+加工厂+基地+农户"的产业发展模式,形成生产、加工、销售一条龙的经营体系,以规模化生产、集约化经营和专业化协作推进黑花生产业的发展。     

基于B-S期权定价模型的V2G备用合约协调机制研究

基于V2G备用市场的风险中性交易特点及实践中常用的“保底收购,随行就市”合约价格机制,构建了电网公司实施期权进行套期保值前后的电动汽车用户电量预留决策模型,并对比分析了Stackelberg博弈和合作博弈下渠道双方的反馈均衡策略与最优收益。研究结果表明：仅简单地采用市场保护性的合约价格机制,将使得V2G备用市场的交易风险完全由电网公司来承担,从而无法防止其在市场行情不好时的机会主义行为;在此基础上,电网公司选择购买期权以规避由V2G备用市场价格波动所带来的风险,但是分散决策时的均衡收益小于集中决策最优收益。为此,进一步引入“B-S期权定价+预留协作+保证金”契约机制使得合作系统达到完美协调,且渠道双方的期望收益都得到Pareto改进,并给出了均衡时的V2G备用预留协作系数、交易保证金以及合约电价之间满足的解析关系。算例分析结果验证了本文提出的模型与理论分析的可行性。     

Integrity management

Integrity management is concerned with systematically and completely reviewing, analyzing and developing or safeguarding the ability of organizations to combat breaches of integrity. Breaches of integrity occur where conflicting interests are incorrectly weighed against each other, so that the actor infringes the legitimate interests of the company that employs him, or of individuals and parties inside or outside the company. These breaches of integrity cause enormous damage to the company itself, the employees and the external stakeholders. Breaches of integrity undermine the competitive advantage of the companies concerned. It is the task of the company's management to find a balance between the conflicting interests employees face and to ensure that the balance is institutionalized. This article presents a conceptual framework for describing the integrity of organizations and provides a basis for developing specific activities.     

Japanese management philosophy: Can it be exported?

Japanese organizations have three prime characteristics. They are innovative firstly. They are growth oriented and they are sensitive to new opportunity. They are flexible organizations. Jobs are ambiguous and employees are willing to do any related jobs. They are also community organizations and the company will take care of the employees for their life-time. The organizations provide more opportunity for promotion and wage increase with small differentials. These features began to take clear shape after the war. Some of them have their roots in Japanese culture but many are the results of rational judgement, and many were transferred from the U.S. and other countries. It is therefore a misconception to think that these features are too indigenous to Japan to be transferred to other countries.     

The cut-off rate for investment decisions in growth companies

In this article the author attempts to define cut-off rate for capital budgeting decisions of a “growth company” and to relate it to the firms long range planning. Dr Chandra argues that conventional measurement of cost of capital cannot be used in the growth company. In brief, he defines the cut-off rate in this type of company as— dividend yield plus the rate at which dividend is expected to grow.     

Exploring the Importance of Business Clockspeed as a Moderator for Determinants of Supplier Network Performance*

As the importance of supplier networks becomes increasingly recognized as a vital factor to company performance, researchers and practitioners alike are focusing their attention on this subject. The study's main objective is to test the specific hypotheses that effective use of Information Technology (IT) and the depth of company relationships with suppliers are directly related to Supplier Network (SN) performance, and that industry clockspeed moderates these relationships. A convenience sample of 135 manufacturing organizations was used to empirically test these hypotheses. Our results indicate that clockspeed does moderate the relationship between IT use effectiveness and supplier network performance. The same is true in the case of supplier relations depth, and hence, managers are encouraged to pay attention to the items comprising network performance as a determinant of supplier network performance.     

渐进式ERP实施战略的选择动机及影响机制:探索性案例研究

近年来,由于企业对ERP系统的投资越来越大,而且ERP对于企业的重要性也越来越被人们所认识到,与ERP有关的课题成为学术界的研究热点。许多研究表明,ERP的实施战略对于ERP实施的最终成败有着显著的影响。然而,已有文献却未曾对ERP实施战略开展过深入研究。本文通过案例研究方法,对"渐进式"这一非常重要的ERP实施战略进行了详细的分析。通过对案例公司的几位高层管理者的深入访谈,本文发现,在企业实施ERP系统的各个阶段,采用渐进式实施战略的动机包括经济压力、消化压力、技术准备、规避失败。此外,本文还归纳了当采用渐进式ERP实施战略时,会促进企业获得ERP实施成功的三个必要条件,分别是与ERP供应商的长期合作伙伴关系、有能力的并且持续的IT推动者、稳定的内部实施团队。基于这些研究发现,本文提出了一系列研究命题及一个关于渐进式ERP实施战略的理论模型。文章的最后还对本研究的理论和实践方面贡献进行了讨论。     

Building global dynamic capabilities through innovation: A case study of Taiwan's cultural organizations

This case study analyzes global dynamic capabilities, firm specific advantages (FSAs), and the international expansion of cultural enterprises in Taiwan from the viewpoint of sustainable development. From our exploratory study, we identify six global dynamic capabilities as the driving forces behind the creation of new cultural products that revitalize a company through continuous innovation. Each global dynamic capability actually leverages the company's resources. The case study results show that technology-based FSAs help cultural organizations globalize their business and create value. There are two global expansion paths that cultural organizations can take to increase value which are discussed in our paper.     

Corporate Responsibility and Compliance with the Law: A Case Study of Land,Dispossession, and Aftermath at Newmont's Ahafo Project in Ghana1

An important part of responsible business practices is compliance with the law. This article details what actually happens when the laws of the host country fail to ensure adequate protection. The focus here is on land dispossession and loss of livelihood in relation to a gold mine project in central Ghana. How is it that a well‐known international company—Newmont—with its own corporate social responsibility (CSR) statements sets up a project in the year 2003 that displaces subsistence farmers from their land without compensating in cash or with replacement land? The analysis identifies the factors that lead the company to not compensate farmers for their lost land: cost‐cutting, strict adherence to the law, CSR commitment that was new and not internalized, complexities of the Ghanaian land tenure system, peer pressure to preserve the status quo, selection of an “old‐school” CSR manager, and the inadequacy of Ghanaian mining law to account for relatively novel, “open‐pit” mining techniques. However, the specter of famine raised by civil society activism, the involvement of the International Financial Corporation, and a better qualified CSR team constitute another set of factors that lead to a comprehensive package of livelihood improvement measures. There is a contrast between the complexity, long‐term, and advanced type of assistance Newmont currently envisages and the backward, short‐term, formalism, and brutality of denying compensation for land back in 2003. This research is based on the extensive documentation Newmont makes available on its web site, interviews conducted in Ghana, and literature research.     

新能源汽车分时租赁市场竞争的进化博弈模型研究

针对"互联网+分时租赁"市场竞争存在有限理性,且不断模仿、学习和改进的特点,本文通过构建进化博弈模型,来揭示租车软件进出市场、抢占市场的博弈过程,并结合当前打车软件市场采用最多的价格战对模型进行了具体化分析和算例验证。研究表明：一个初期稳定的分时租赁市场受到某一公司价格战策略的突变冲击后,不存在纯策略的进化稳定状态,但一定有混合策略的进化稳定状态;对于准备进入市场的公司或想扩大市场份额公司,其最优策略是选用价格战;而对于已经在该市场内运营的公司,其最优反应策略也是降价。     

Group technology cell design: a case study

Rising production costs, combined with competitive pressures, have resulted in an increased focus on the need for effective manufacturing planning and control. To remain competitive, organizations are exploring new ways for increasing productivity while reducing work-in-progress inventories and product lead time. This article describes a case study of the successful introduction of production cells in a company engaged in small batch production. The company is described and its manufacturing problems presented. Following a detailed analysis of the utilization of machines in the company's machine shop, a new manufacturing technique, giving improved work flow, is proposed.     

Talent management as a management fashion in HRD: towards a research agenda

This paper addresses the effects of corporate change programmes on the emotions and ultimately the performance of the so-called ‘middle managers’ within these organizations. Drawing on empirical data from a recent case study in a large engineering company, the paper addresses the extent to which Hochschild's highly original writing on the commercialization of human feeling (1983) and the concept of emotional labour is applicable to managers in today's organizations. Emotional labour is defined as: ‘the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display’ requiring one ‘to induce or suppress feeling in order to sustain the outward countenance that produces the proper state of mind in others’ (Hochschild 1983: 7). The conclusion reached is that emotional labour appears to be a growing but much ignored phenomenon in organizations today, which is worthy of attention and further research by the HRD community.