少数民族习惯法领域本体构建与社会和谐发展

论述了少数民族习惯法与社会和谐发展的关系,提出构建少数民族习惯法领域本体对于加强民族习惯法研究及社会和谐发展的现实意义.同时还介绍了少数民族习惯法领域本体构建的方法,并用OWL对该本体进行了形式化描述.     

中国少数民族习惯法序论--以民族法制及其相关领域为中心

本文是对民族法制以及与此有关的少数民族习惯法所作的基本研究。主要探讨了四个问题 :关于中国民族习惯法的概念和形式 ;关于习惯法的内容 ;关于习惯法的特征 ;关于民族法制中民族习惯法的意义和课题     

论少数民族习惯法对农村承包地调整的影响

少数民族习惯法在少数民族地区仍然存在或者仍然具有较强影响力,是少数民族习惯法适当介入和补充农村承包地调整的必要前提.农村承包地调整制度自身的缺陷为少数民族习惯法适当介入少数民族地区的农村承包地调整提供了必要的空间.在少数民族地区少数民族习惯法适当介入农村承包地调整可以起到积极的补充作用.     

广西壮族习惯法中的恢复性司法要素探析

恢复性司法是一种全新的看待罪与罚的刑事理念,一种强调以"被害人——加害人"为中心构建刑事纠纷的调处机制.根据恢复性司法理念及其调处机制的特点,笔者选取广西壮族民族习惯法作为比对样本,寻找其内在的恢复性要素,以探讨法律移植的可行性.并在此基础上,以恢复性司法机制为借鉴,通过民族地区刑事特别立法、引入民族习惯法刑事和解机制及刑事民族习惯法查明机制三个层次的制度设计,来对壮乡少数民族习惯法介入刑事解纷领域的进路进行初步设计与构建.     

少数民族习惯法与国家法的均衡路径探析

在民族法研究领域,国家法与少数民族习惯法之间的互动关系一直是研究的热点和难点.本文在综合前人研究的基础上,尝试采用经济学的相关理论对少数民族习惯法与国家法之间的关系进行新的阐述,同时辅以博弈论为分析工具,以探索国家法与少数民族习惯法之间关系的均衡路径,并计算出二者关系的均衡值域.     

少数民族网络政治参与研究

近年兴起的网络政治参与对于增进少数民族政治表达、优化民族治理决策、强化少数民族政治监督、涵育少数民族政治文化等具有积极效应.然而过度的、激进的、非常态的网络参与也会导致少数民族地区的利益冲突与治理危机.因此政府必须正确处理网络虚拟民族民主与现实维稳、少数民族自治与政治秩序的关系;重视并促进少数民族通过网络进行的政治参与活动,使之成为中国民族政治发展的一个新的生长点.文章以少数民族网络政治参与为研究对象,以其对中国当代民主政治的影响为基本线索,深入分析了影响少数民族网络政治参与的主要因素、发展困境及有效扩大少数民族网络政治参与的路径.     

少数民族习惯法的国家法功能调试价值探析——基于非正式制度视域

在少数民族的历史发展和文化传承中,少数民族习惯法具有正式规范不可替代的作用,基于历史和现实的原因,它对于少数民族群体及其成员的文化心理、思维模式和行为方式都具有极为重要的影响.在现代社会中,少数民族习惯法依然具有传承文化、增强民族凝聚力、维持社会秩序、规范个体行为等重要价值.在以法治为标志的社会治理现代化进程中,少数民族习惯法表现出与法治理念的价值断裂、经济社会转型中的价值递减和民族社会发展中的个体价值认同弱化等问题.在推进全面依法治国的进程中应努力实现国家法体系的功能和习惯法价值的协调适应、加快习惯法在法治进程中的价值适应性、发挥社会转型中习惯法的独特价值、以群众的广泛积极参与增强习惯法的法律实效,使习惯法逐渐适应法治国家建设的目标和要求.     

论民族习惯法的渊源、价值与传承--以苗族、侗族习惯法为例

民族习惯法是民族地区适用的民间法,内容丰富但形式上因民族而异,刑事习惯法占据重要内容.民族习惯法具有裁判、教育、调整价值,应当整合三种价值,传承民族习惯法之积极因素,构建新的民族法律文化,推进民族地区法治.     

少数民族法律文化传统源流考略

少数民族法律文化传统既包括历代王朝对民族地区的法律调控及政策、民族政权制定的法律规范、无文字民族的习惯法等静态内容,又涵盖少数民族法律文化的起源、发展、变迁与现代化等动态内容,是源于过去、融合现在、影响未来的民族文化基因。在三次民族大融合背景下,少数民族主动继受和吸纳中原法律文化的思想、制度和经验,并结合本民族特点作出变通与创新,为中华法系注入了活力。当下少数民族正逐渐由前现代的熟人社会走向现代的法治社会,少数民族法律文化传统现代化不可避免。考察少数民族法律文化传统的起源与流变,对于少数民族地区法治建设具有重要意义。     

佤族婚恋规则及当代价值探析——以勐简大寨黄佤婚恋规则为例

本文通过对勐简大寨佤族婚恋规则的研究,讨论了其存在的价值合理性,并思考少数民族婚姻习惯法与国家法律的冲突与协调,促进民族地区的稳定与发展。     

伦理传承与法治推进：共同体理念下民族地区和谐劳动关系的双重保障

民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展是中华民族共同体建设的重要内容,二者在经济、文化和社会等方面密切相关。民族地区的市场性、区域性与传承性,使得其劳动关系的和谐发展需要经济伦理和法治机制双重保障。经济伦理是经济活动传承性的写照,从内部支持和保障民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展,法治则是其外部保障。在中华民族共同体理念下,唯有重视伦理传承与法治推进双重保障的互补与统一,才能有效构建民族地区和谐劳动关系。     

极端民族主义恐怖犯罪的刑事控制及其评价

After entering the 21st century, ter￣rorist crimes have become more serious. Terrorism has become one of the worst problems of the mod￣ern world and will continue to be a serious problem in the future. China is also facing the challenge of terrorist crime. Can the present criminal system accomplish the mission of legislative control of these crimes and fulfill the goal of penalising them? It seems that a review and evaluation of the rele￣vant criminal legislation and policies is necessary.
There are different definitions of terrorist crimes. American scholars Alex P. Schmid and Albert J. Jongman gave a review of 109 different definitions that appeared during the period from 1936 to 1983 , and proposed their own opinions in the book Political Terrorism. Chinese scholar Hu Lianhe analyzed 50 definitions that appeared after 1982, and proposed his own idea. On January 1 2016 , the third article of the Zhonghua renmin gongheguo fan kongbu zhuyi fa ( Anti -terrorism Law of the P. R. C) formally defines “terrorism”and “terrorist activities”. Generally speaking, both the academic and legal definitions have gener￣alized three characteristics of “terrorist crime”from subjective and objective aspects: 1 ) taking social order, public security, personnel and prop￣erty as the target of the ( terrorist ) behavior; 2 ) hurting the targets described above or threatening the state organs or international organizations by way of violence, destruction or intimidation; 3 ) taking the realization of some certain political or i￣deological purpose and claims as the ultimate goal of the ( terrorist) behavior.
Concerning the relation between extreme na￣tionalism and terrorism, the general idea is that“there is no pure form of nationalism; it is always combined with some certain political or social pow￣er, and characterized with social movement or his￣torical process”. And seeing from the development course of terrorism,“nationalism is one of the most permanent roots of terrorism”, and is also “one of the most powerful roots of terrorism.”
China has mainly experienced five revisions of its law concerning terrorist crimes: 1 ) revising criminal law in 1997 , and including terrorist or￣ganizations into the criminal penalty for the first time ; 2 ) legislating about terrorist crimes in the xingfa xiuzhengan san ( Criminal Law Amendment III) in 2001; 3 ) intensifying the applicability of the criminal law to terrorist crimes in the xingfa xi￣uzhengan ba ( Criminal Law Amendment VIII ) in 2011;4 ) including technical detection measures of crime on terrorist activities in the xingshi susong fa ( Criminal Procedure Law) revised in March 2012, thereby establishing the legal position of this kind of detection measure in criminal procedure; 5 ) substantially adding accusations in the xingfa xi￣uzhengan jiu ( Criminal Law Amendment IX ) re￣vised in 2015 , and strongly fighting against the ter￣rorist crime .
“As one of the social policies, criminal policy is a kind of countermeasure to handle different kinds of crime without delay - this determines that the formulation of criminal policy is bound to social politics and economics in a period of time.”Since the founding of New China, China has made up corresponding criminal policies according to the social needs and criminal status in different eras. In order to maintain a harmonious relationship be￣tween various ethnic groups, and respect the ethnic culture and customs, a criminal policy called “li￣angshao yikuan” (“less arrested, less killed, and punished leniently”) had been carried out con￣cerning the ethnic minority crimes. However, this criminal policy which had played an important role in juridical practice in handling criminal cases of ethnic minorities is unlikely to be a basic criminal policy for the control of extreme nationalist terrorist crimes in the present day. On the new historical stage,“kuanyan xiangji” ( combining punishment with leniency) has become a basic policy for deal￣ing with criminals in China—this policy is based on the inheritance of the rational connotation of the combination of serious and lenient punishment in the criminal policy, and learning the experience or lessons of “seriously fighting” criminal crimes since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy. Doubtlessly, this new criminal policy has a guidance significance in the punishment of all criminal activities, including extreme nationalist terrorist crimes of the present.
A basic evaluation of China’ s criminal legis￣lation on the punishment of extreme nationalist ter￣rorist crimes is:1 ) it has developed from non-ex￣istence to existence; the relevant criminal legisla￣tion is in accord with the developmental direction of domestic terrorist crimes and the anti-terrorism situation;2 ) it has worked in concert with the anti-terrorism strategy of the UN, and performed a state party’ s duty;3) it has an obvious tendency of “severe penalty ”; 4 ) the revision of criminal law has started to be influenced by the risk concept of criminal law.
In summation, China ’ s criminal legislation and criminal policies have a positive significance in controlling the extreme nationalist terrorism crimes. However, there are still some deficiencies of the strategies of controlling crime. Hence, the following issues should be addressed in the subse￣quent legislation: 1 ) Before identifying a kind of behavior as a crime, one should judge whether the duty attached to the new accusation is a kind of ex￣cessive demand on the ordinary people;2 ) The ra￣tionality of the expected goal of criminal legislation cannot guarantee the rationality of a specific sys￣tem, therefore, the lawmakers also need to consid￣er whether the measures for realizing the goal are reasonable. 3) The deserved function of the non-criminal penalty method should be noticed, and it should be developed rationally and harmoniously together with the criminal penalty,thus a solid sys￣tem which can control extreme nationalist terrorist crime should then be constructed. 4) The guaran￣tee of human rights also cannot be ignored in the anti-terrorist legislation and criminal policies.     

简论经济犯罪与死刑

我国是世界上对经济犯罪适用死刑的极少数国家之一。随着我国经济的发展,我国的经济犯罪也日益严重,立法机关希望通过死刑的适用来遏制经济犯罪。但事与愿违,死刑的适用并没有收到预期的效果,还违背了刑罚的目的和罪刑均衡原则。因此,我国在立法上应当废除对经济犯罪的死刑,规定经济犯罪的法定最高刑为无期徒刑,并附加适用财产刑。     

民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径与经济社会影响研究

网红是随着互联网发展而出现的一种新兴群体,随之产生的网红经济是一种新型商业模式。近年来,随着互联网的普及和脱贫攻坚战的推进,我国民族地区网红经济发展速度迅猛。网红经济在帮助民族地区民众增收脱贫和推动地方经济发展方面发挥了重要作用。文章结合网红经济的生成逻辑和演化路径,对民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径进行了探究,分析了网红经济对民族地区经济社会的影响,摸清了网红经济在民族地区发展遇到的困境,并从基础设施建设、质量监管体系、特色民族文化等角度提出相关政策建议。     

甘肃民族地区大开发的总体思路和战略设计

本文以西部大开发为背景,主要探讨了甘肃省民族地区大开发的基本条件和制约因素,提出了大开发的总体思路和战略设计。认为甘肃民族地区的大开发应分为近期与中长期两个大的阶段,其中近期开发的战略目标是以彻底改变基础条件为重点,集中解决好结构调整、生态环境、科技教育、财政扭补等基础性问题,为中长期大开发作好准备。     

民族自治地方自然资源权利研究

民族自治地方经济发展必须立足于自然资源优势。宪法和法律规定的民族自治地方自然资源权利并未得到实际保障。究其原因,不同利益主体在民族自治地方自然资源开发和保护中存在利益冲突。分析利益冲突与相关权力博弈表现,理清问题成因和解决思路,在认清相关分权机理的基础上,完善民族自治地方自然资源权利相关的顶层制度设计,同时,采取托管式有限自治的模式,是民族自治地方自然资源权利实现的当下路径。     

西夏《天盛律令》的历史文献价值

《天盛律令》是西夏仁宗天盛年间 (1149 年~1169 年) 颁行的一部法典, 全称《天盛改旧新定律令》, 共20卷, 150门, 1461条。这部法典包括刑法、诉讼法、民法、经济法、军事法, 多方位地反映了西夏社会生活, 为研究西夏社会历史弥足珍贵的资料, 因此一经公布, 立即引起学界的广泛关注。迄今已有数篇文章对该律令的文献价值进行介绍与研究, 最重要的是史金波先生的《西夏天盛律令及其法律文献价值》。②本文在此基础上, 主要讨论《天盛律令》的历史文献价值。     

以制度和法治保护少数民族权利——中国民族区域自治的路径与经验

对少数人权利的保护,包括两个基本的面向:其一是主权国家依照宪法和相关法律对国内那些因人口、宗教或民族身份处于少数地位的群体从经济、政治、文化诸方面在平等、非歧视的原则基础上给予保障和保护;其二是主权国家依照国际法,通过加入相关的国际公约和条约在促进和实现少数人权利方面进行国际合作,并保证对侵犯少数人权利的行为加以防止和惩治。中国关于少数人权利的保护更多地强调制度和法治的途径,通过依法赋予少数民族特殊的优惠政策的方式凸显和确保少数民族的权利。     

宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

刷单炒信样态的认识误区及刑法评价

刷单炒信是网络平台交易中司空见惯的违法现象。由于未能厘清其不同样态及法益侵害,理论与实务对刷单炒信的刑法评价仍存在较大争议。普通刷单炒信、组织刷单炒信及提供刷单平台服务是刷单炒信的不同样态呈现,三者在行为结构、社会危害及法益侵害等方面各有不同表现,刑法应当予以区分评价。尽管当前网络平台违法犯罪形势严峻,但普通刷单炒信不具有相当社会危害性,不宜适用刑法规制。相比之下,组织刷单炒信严重违反国家广告经营管理制度,应以虚假广告罪论处。提供刷单平台服务严重违反互联网信息服务经营许可制度,应成立非法经营罪。组织刷单炒信中包含提供刷单平台服务内容的,可按牵连犯从一重处断。