乡镇企业应淡化职位等级

当前,乡镇企业内部的组织变革更多涉及的是乡镇企业组织结构本身的调整,而忽视了组织的宗旨是动员并激发企业员工的能力。乡镇企业发展固然离不开资金、设备等有形资本,但更重要的是人力资本。如果我们把乡镇企业效益看成一个函数,那么人就是对函数值影响最大的变量。本文拟通过对乡镇企业职位等级淡化问题的研究,希望对发挥乡镇企业人力资本效能有所裨益。乡镇企业职位设置现状1.乡镇企业典型组织结构下的职位设置迄今,乡镇企业组织结构的主要形式有:直线制、职能制、直线——职能制、事业部制、矩阵结构等。这些典型的组织结构是根据成员…     

乡镇企业组织形式分析

乡镇企业的组织形式市场经济中,一般企业的组织形式主要有三种:业主制、合伙制和公司制企业(包括有限责任公司和股份有限公司)。然而,由于独特的产权制度和经济转轨特征,乡镇企业的组织形式灵活多样,极富中国特色。股份合作制乡镇企业是乡镇企业中一种特殊的企业组织形式,其基本特征是“资本合作”与“劳动合作”相结合,职工既是劳动者,又是所有者;实行“按劳分配”与“按股(资)分配”相结合的分配制度;职工持股较平均化,股权对外不可转让等。中外合资乡镇企业是由外国企业或个人同乡镇企业或农民个人进行资本合作,经中国政府批准,共同投资…     

《乡镇企业法》有无继续存在的必要

中国的乡镇企业是随着特定的历史环境而发展起来的。在经过快速的增长之后,乡镇企业本身发生了分化。乡镇企业的主体由乡镇集体企业转变为个体、私有企业,企业组织形式也转变为业主制、合作制和公司制并存。目前的乡镇企业与“三农”正逐步脱离联系,演化为一般意义上的企业。有关一般企业法律、法规和行政条例当然也适用于乡镇企业,因而《乡镇企业法》已经没有继续存在的必要。     

现阶段乡镇企业发展的障碍分析

目前,中国乡镇企业正面临着体制转轨、经济转型、买方市场形成和市场竞争更加激烈的考验和挑战,依靠总量扩展、传统的粗放式经营的发展空间也正逐渐缩小。随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善,随着企业规模的扩大,一些在乡镇企业发展初期未被关注的问题逐渐暴露出来,有些问题已成为乡镇企业进一步发展的极大障碍。因此,正确分析乡镇企业运营发展的障碍并采取有效措施,是乡镇企业由简单的量的扩张转向质的提高的必要前提。乡镇企业发展现状目前,乡镇企业总体上保持协调稳定的发展态势,但我们必须要分析其中存在的问题,防微杜渐,为乡镇企业…     

乡镇企业家庭化管理的功与过

乡镇企业是源于农村的企业,而在我国农村中最强有力的非正式组织就是家族组织。我国的乡镇企业不论其具体形式如何,都不可避免地受到家族力量的强有力的渗透或影响,很多乡镇企业在一定成长阶段或时期成为家族企业,实行家族化管理,是一种自然选择。对家族化管理的评价总是褒不一。近几年,随着“巨人”坍塌、“希望”破裂、“飞龙”落地等事件的发生,对家族化管理口诛笔伐者就更多了。一时间,“家族化管理”似乎成了落后的代名词,是许多企业都急欲摆脱的管理范式。因此,对乡镇企业家族化管理的特点及功过进行探讨,将有助于正确认识家族化管理问题。     

乡镇企业二次创业可走绿色产业之路

随着我国经济体制改革的不断发展,乡镇企业原先的强劲发展势头逐渐放缓,出现了经济效益下滑,企业发展停滞不前的困难局面。在我国加入世贸组织的新时期,乡镇企业要增强经济竞争力,走出困境,实现二次创业,必须实施新的发展战略。而就乡镇企业自身的特点,走绿色产业发展之路不失为一种可行性选择。乡镇企业实施绿色生产的现实意义1.乡镇企业本身生产的需要。乡镇企业基础差、起步晚,人、财、物力量有限,在与国有大中型企业及其他类型企业的竞争上相对处于弱势地位。其产品的生产更多是立足于农村,很多是对农业初级产品的再加工和深加工。乡镇…     

乡镇企业仍应持续发展

乡镇企业持续发展与农村经济持续发展的关系 企业持续发展,是指企业发展既能满足当代人的需要,又不对后代人满足其需要的能力构成危害,保持企业发展在时间上的连续性和空间上的并存性,使企业发展具有较强的发展后劲。乡镇企业的持续发展,不仅关系到乡镇企业未来的生存和发展,而且关系到我国农村经济的持续发展,乡镇企业的持续发展是促进农村经济持续发展的重要前提。     

乡镇企业产权多元化后的管理问题

所谓乡镇企业产权多元化,是指企业投资主体由单一的集体向集体、个人、社会法人、外资等多种主体转变,企业产权制度向股份制、股份合作制、合伙、独资等多种形式转变,既包括企业资本所有者的多元化,又包括企业制度的多样化。本文以北京市乡镇企业为例,对产权多元化后乡镇企业的管理问题进行了调研。2001年9月我们对京郊180个乡镇企业进行了调查,这180个企业的类型如下表:2001年接受调查的180家乡镇企业的企业类型情况表资料来源:2001年北京市政府专家顾问团乡镇企业组课题组调查资料从股权结构看,180个企业中,集体股占总股本13.72%,法人股占…     

浅谈发挥党群组织在企业建设中的作用

党群组织是企业的重要组成部分,在企业建设中发挥着重要作用。党群组织的工作围绕安全生产这个中心展开,其职能范围涵盖了组织企业安全生产、创造企业内部和谐氛围、维护企业职工合法权益、对企业内部各项工作进展情况进行监督等等。党群组织与企业内部的行政部门关系密切,二者应该通力合作,共同致力于实现企业长远发展目标。在新形势下,企业中的党群组织正在发挥着日益重要的作用,党群组织要凝聚人心,为企业广大干部职工的交流沟通搭建桥梁,实现企业建设的根本目标。     

乡镇企业面临的挑战与对策

近20年来,乡镇企业异军突起,为大量农业剩余劳动力找到了出路,而且为国家工业化与农村现代化开辟了一条独特的道路。在新形势下,乡镇企业能否持续发展,直接关系到农村经济繁荣与社会稳定的大局。当前,乡镇企业既显现新的发展态势,同时也存在一些亟待解决的难题。乡镇企业面临的问题1.乡镇企业的产权制度不清晰,从而导致经营机制退化目前,中国多数乡镇企业实行的并不是现代企业产权制度,而是一种吸收了国有企业体制、人民公社体制、农村家族体制等方面的因素,揉合而成的集体所有制产权制度。这种产权制度导致私有物品公共化,从而导致乡镇企业…     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

Evaluation of the location of cities in terms of land cover on the example of Poland

Urban Ecosystems - The increasing availability of remote sensing materials of varying spatial resolution inclines to look for methods enabling their use, both at planning the spatial structure of...     

Content-masking methods as determinants of results of studies of nonverbal communication

The present study was designed to determine whether the technique used to control the semantic content of emotional communications might influence the results of research on the effects of gender, age, and particular affects on accuracy of decoding tone of voice. Male and female college and elementary school students decoded a 48-item audio tape-recording of emotional expressions encoded by two children and two college students. Six emotions — anger, fear, happiness, jealousy, pride and sadness — were expressed in two types of content-standard messages, namely letters of the alphabet and an affectively neutral sentence. The results of the study indicate that different methods for controlling content can indeed influence the results of studies of determinants of decoding performance. Overall, subjects demonstrated greater accuracy when decoding emotions expressed in the standard sentence than when decoding emotions embedded in letters of the alphabet. A technique by emotion interaction, however, revealed that this was especially true for the purer emotions of anger, fear, happiness and sadness. Subjects identified the less pure emotions of jealousy and pride relatively more accurately when these emotions were embedded in the alphabet technique. The implications of these results for research concerning the vocal communication of affect are briefly discussed.Preparation of this article was supported in part by the National Science Foundation.     

Predictors of Substance Use and Mental Health of Children of Divorce

Abstract

This short-term longitudinal study examined psycho-social influences on substance use and mental health among children of divorced parents. The sample consisted of ethnically diverse fifth and sixth grade students, and compared children of divorced parents (CODPs; N = 176), who were an average of four years post-divorce, with children of married parents (COMPs; N = 213) who had never divorced. CODPs reported more life stress, less problem-focused coping, and more substance-using friends and family members than COMPs. Further, these variables were significantly related to CODPs' greater reported substance use, aggressive behavior, and depression than COMPs cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, four months later. The results suggest the importance of including both substance use and mental health outcomes in preventive interventions for CODPs.     

摩洛哥官方语言政策变迁背景分析

2011年7月2日,摩洛哥通过新宪法修改草案,确定柏柏尔语同阿拉伯语并列为摩洛哥的官方语言。自1956年独立后,摩洛哥官方语言政策经历了阿拉伯语独尊的"一元化"以及阿拉伯语和柏柏尔语并重的"二元化"两大阶段的发展和变迁。本文结合摩洛哥柏柏尔文化运动的发展状况,对摩洛哥政府放弃单一化、采取多元化官方语言政策的政治和文化背景进行分析,揭示官方语言政策与语言权利、话语权和国民身份认同等要素之间的互动关系,并从国内、地区和国际局势等层面分析摩洛哥官方语言政策变迁的影响。