约旦早期现代化及其特征分析

约旦早期现代化发展水平较低。按意识形态划分,晚近发展的约旦现代化属混合型现代化;按起源来划分,约旦现代化属于外源型现代化。约旦早期现代化始于军事领域,并逐步扩展至政治、教育、社会等领域,军事、政治、司法和行政机构建立,民族国家框架初步形成。在约旦早期现代化进程中,殖民主义发挥了双重作用,一方面加速了国家和人的现代性转变,另一方面唤醒了民众的民族意识,使旧有殖民体系被推翻。     

从宗教服饰到政治符号:伊朗女性头巾摘戴之争

教俗博弈是伊朗政治现代化进程的一个突出特点,女性头巾是其重要的社会表征,并演化成为鲜明的政治符号。伊朗女性头巾的摘戴之争发端于19世纪末政治现代化进程之始,经历了从民间探讨到官方强制的历史过程。无论是巴列维王国还是伊斯兰共和国,官方都通过强制头巾“摘”或“戴”的方式来强化政治权威,以实现政权合法性和国家意识形态在社会领域的延伸,而社会群体对官方的认同与反抗也体现在女性头巾的摘戴之中。女性头巾摘戴之争所折射出的伊朗现代化进程中的矛盾,不仅包括传统势力和新兴群体间的张力,也体现了传统性与现代性的博弈。伴随经济现代化的深入影响,头巾自抉将逐渐作为女性公民权利的体现,预示着伊朗政治现代化进程的发展方向。     

论当前中东剧变的国内因素及其国际影响

从2010年12月17日突尼斯失业青年布瓦吉吉自焚开始,一场席卷突尼斯全国的政治变革大潮迅速蔓延至中东几乎所有阿拉伯国家。这一突如其来的变化,预示着更为复杂的政治变革进程已经开始。从目前情况来看,各国表面上貌似群龙无首、组织松散的街头抗议,实质都是围绕着"变革"这一主题展开,大量失业青年成为这一"变革"的主要参与力量,而网络新媒体则扮演了推波助澜的角色。变革、青年和网络是中东各国目前政治剧变的三个关键因素,进一步认清三者的互动关系及其作用和影响,不仅可以更好地了解中东当前的政治发展进程,也对维护我国的国家安全和社会稳定,有着十分重要的现实意义。     

以社会主义核心价值观整合社会思潮

多种思潮来袭斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史》中论及欧洲从传统社会到现代社会转型时说,伴随着社会的变迁,不同的阶级、阶层抑或利益群体从自身角度出发,对社会政治、经济样态,对政治、经济的未来走向,以及社会变迁的目标模式纷纷提出自己的主张,进而渐次把各自的主张诉诸实践,形成了连绵不断的政治运动。这样,欧洲的社会转型或者现代化进程催生了各种各样的具有现代性特征的政治思     

政治文化整合视角下中国民主政治建设研究

在推进中国民主政治建设的进程中,政治文化的现代化起着至关重要的作用。目前我国正处于社会转型期,政治文化也分析其现状及所存在的问题,并从经济、文化、教育等角度展开民主建设进程中整合政治文化的路径分析,以期对民主政治建设提供一些可资借鉴的因素。     

试论拉美政治现代化进程

20世纪30年代始,拉美国家伴随着经济现代化,开始了政治现代化进程。拉美政治现代化即拉美政治的民主化,实现拉美现代资产阶级民主政治。     

制度现代化视域下的制度创新——基于亨廷顿的制度化理论

自从民族国家建立以来,现代化就成为衡量一个国家发展程度的重要指标。在众多衡量标准里,制度现代化成为其中相当重要的一部分,萨缪尔·亨廷顿的《变化社会中的政治秩序》一书正好反映了这一论点,亨廷顿的制度现代化理论以一种定量化的指标体系对处于现代化进程中的国家发展程度进行评估。要对制度进行评估,就要求制度不断的变革,即就是根据社会发展的需要,适时的对制度进行变革,从而实现制度创新,因此亨廷顿的制度现代化理论对于制度创新有着重要的启示。     

新加坡思想政治教育对我国的启示

新加坡作为新兴发达国家,正确的思想政治教育对国家的成功起重要作用,这也给我国的思想政治教育带来有益启示,本文主要通过以介绍新加坡思想政治教育的内容、方法,从中学习有益的经验,进一步完善我国的思想政治教育体系。     

盖尔纳同质性文化对我国民族主义的启发

近年来,随着我国经济的发展,民族主义思潮被关注。从长远发展来看,它将成为我国政治领域的主要议题之一。本文对新中国成立后,民族观的历史性变化,进行比较后;选取盖尔纳的"同质性文化"这一理论视角对国内民族主义进行分析,如何调整我国的文化单位和政治单位存在不适应的问题,思考这样的问题给了我们民族长远的发展带来极大的启发。     

政治的发展历程浅析

凡是有人类的地方就会有政治,政治是经历了几千年的发展才日渐成熟的,它是社会从低级到高级的发展进程,政治的核心是国家政权。本文从政治的定义,以及对政治的理解出发,来讨论政治的发展历程。     

Social media,political expression,and participation in Confucian Asia

This study reviews and analyzes the published empirical research on the role of social media in promoting political expression and participation in Confucian Asia, including China, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. In addition to providing a narrative review of the literature, our analyses show clear numerical estimates of the relationships among different types of social media use (i.e., informational, expressive, relational, and recreational), political expression, and participation in Confucian states. The findings reiterate the importance of the expressive use of social media, showing its moderately strong relationship with participation. The findings also show weak positive relationships with informational and relational uses. We also examine the role of political systems in these relationships and conclude that the strongest relationships are in democratic states, followed by hybrid and authoritarian systems.     

Interpretations and critiques of modernity

Peter Wagner has been one of the foremost theoretical sociologist for more than two decades. In particular, he has outlined an innovative way of linking social philosophy, political philosophy, and normative concerns to comparative- historical sociology. His overall goal is to describe modernity as different interpretations of modernity as an alternative to an institutional analysis of modernity. Wagner also draws heavily upon Boltanski's and Thevenot's sociology of critical capacities, in which members of society create institutions through disputes, evaluations, and everyday critiques of problematic experiences; therefore social critique is immanent in all modern institutions.     

What do we call post-apartheid?

In this paper, the author examines the different uses and meanings of the usual expression “post-apartheid.” It has been used extensively in the social sciences, political discourse and the media since the mid-1980s. But what does it refer to, and has it always meant the same thing over the last 20 years? To answer that question, the author reviews the different ways she has used the notion in her research into workers’ forms of thinking and political subjectivities in South Africa since 1996. She distinguishes between its use as a chronological marker, an academic concept open to various problematics and epistemological decisions and a notion used by interviewees under various acceptations. She concentrates more specifically on the sequential implications of the adverb “post” in her work and argues that there have been political sequences in what she (with others) has named “post-apartheid.” She concludes that she intends to stop using this term in order to concentrate on identifying the current political sequence in South Africa.     

TEXTURES OF THE MODERN: VIENNESE CONTRIBUTIONS TO CULTURAL HISTORY AND URBAN STUDIES

The following essay recapitulates the findings of a research project on Viennese modernity, which since 1995 has involved a group of historians, political scientists, literary scholars and sociologists examining the different phases in the history of the city in the twentieth century from a transdisciplinary perspective. The point of departure for the project was its participants' dissatisfaction with a myopic image of twentieth-century Vienna increasingly constricted to literary and aesthetic practices, which has focused on the ‘golden age’ of high culture in the Habsburg capital of the fin-de-siècle while omitting crucial periods of the city's history, in particular the political and cultural crisis between 1918 and 1938, and the phase of material and cultural reconstruction after the ‘collapse of civilization’ that was Nazism.     

Radicalised civil society and protracted political actions in Kerala (India): a socio-political narrative

ABSTRACT

Kerala modernity and its widely acclaimed model of development, among other factors, is a result of radicalised civil society and protracted political action. The political actions of multiple actors such as social reform movements, communist movements, public theatre, people’s science movements, library and radical public policy played decisive role in this direction. In contrast to the two dominant conceptions of modernity – western capitalist modernity and eastern socialist modernity, which conceptualised that modernity is the result of industrialisation and centralised planning and development, respectively – modernity in Kerala was the result of political actions from below, which forced the state to adopt radical social and political reforms. These exceptionalities in Kerala modernity distinct itself from rest of the modernities in societies of the Global South.     

Internet use,political knowledge and youth electoral participation in Australia

Almost since its inception, the internet has been seen as a means of reinvigorating political knowledge and engagement among the young. Early studies showed small but significant effects for internet use and increased political knowledge among the young. Using a large, national election survey conducted in Australia in 2013, this paper examines the role of the internet in shaping political knowledge among the young and, in turn, its effects on electoral participation. The results show that use of the internet during an election campaign significantly increases political knowledge among the young, and that such political knowledge enhances the likelihood of turning out to vote. Overall, the results extend the findings of other studies which have demonstrated the potential of the internet to re-engage young people into the political process.     

Situated Interpretations of Nationalism,Imperialism, and Cosmopolitanism: Revisiting the Writings of Liang in the Encounter Between Worlds

The idea of the nation has been considered to have delivered political modernity from its native Europe to the rest of the world. The same applies, though more implicitly, to those paradoxes inherent to the nationalist ideology – that between universalism and national particularity and that between liberal nationalism and imperialism. This article seeks to complicate these theses by looking at the interpretations of nationalism, imperialism, and cosmopolitanism provided by Liang Qichao, one of the most influential Chinese intellectuals in early twentieth century, during his exile in Japan when increasingly exposed to the encounter between worlds. This reading also engages with the wider debates on modernity/modernities in non-Western societies through showing that neither the “consumers of modernity” approach nor the “creative adaptations” approach can be easily applied here. I argue that the various tensions, contingencies and historical situatedness in Liang's accounts of the nation-state structure represent and constitute the paradox of the structure itself. They also shed light on contemporary debates about the limits of our political imagination in the misnamed “global politics” beyond the false opposition between nationalism and cosmopolitanism.     

‘Europeanness’ ‐ a new cultural battlefield?

The nation‐state is par excellence a product of ‘modernity’ in Europe. Its supercession has been trumpeted of late, hard on the heels of the fashion for post‐modernity. However, the self‐service conceptions of political identity that pertained until the end of the Cold War now need to be discarded as ethnicity and nationhood evidently become the predominant obsessions of the 1990s. Consequently, ‘Europeanness’ has become a cultural battlefield for sharply divergent views.     

The Role and Effects of Efficacy in Socioeconomic Development and Foreign Direct Investment: A Comparative Study of South Korea and Singapore

Abstract

There is a sizable amount of research and explanation concerning the rapid and sustainable development of newly industrialised countries (NIC) in Asia. This article seeks to create a deeper understanding of the relationships between the governmental sector, the economic sector, and the social sector in the Asian political arena. As such, it will explain how policies pursued in selected countries could have impacted the economies of the so-called ‘tiger’ or ‘dragon’ countries. In addition, the study will show how governmental efficacy is connected with socioeconomic development by means of comparing, as exemplars, South Korea and Singapore, in the period 1960–2007. The investigated period experienced heightened socioeconomic development in South Korea and Singapore. Stressing the historical evolution of socioeconomic development, the researcher accordingly focused on social, political, and economic outcomes in their relationship with the factor of macroeconomic stability and the varying amounts of foreign direct investment in the two nations. This study looks to create a deeper understanding of the role of government efficacy and socioeconomic development in an Asian context in which government efficacy and political development and institutions have played important roles in creating stable and continuous social and economic development. This idea of government efficacy and political development has helped to strengthen the capacity of governments to adapt and adjust their political agency’s capability to achieve political goals and sustainable socioeconomic development. South Korea has created institutions that are simpler than complex organisations and may lack autonomy and coherence. In contrast, Singapore has created complex and autonomous institutions with strong coherence. The findings in the outcomes section explain the different historical developments of South Korea and Singapore.     

Asian multiculturalism in communication: Impact of culture in the practice of public relations in Singapore

This study aims to understand the role of cultural values in influencing public relations practice in Singapore. Given that Singapore exhibits a hybrid of cultures, it purposes to comprehend how multiculturalism is operationalized and to uncover if the values that have a greater influence on organizational communication resemble those in individualistic or collectivistic societies. Using Gudykunst’s (1998) seven dimensions that influence individualism-collectivism on communication as a guide, this study interviewed 20 public relations practitioners in Singapore. Our findings showed that although the patterns expressed is slightly more consistent with those found in collectivistic cultures, it does not resemble collectivism in entirety. Multiculturalism in Singapore displays a blend of certain cultural hybridity, which is aligned with it being a multicultural cosmopolitan city that embodies Western modernity while retaining its Asian values. Our findings further reinforced the idea that public relations professionals need to be multicultural themselves to effectively communicate with culturally diverse stakeholders in today’s globalizing era of multiculturalism.