群体性事件背景下地方政府公信力影响因素研究

伴随中国经济转型、社会转轨进程的不断推进,利益矛盾与冲突日益加剧,因各种因素引发的群体性事件数量不断攀升。由于与公众接触最为直接与频繁,地方政府是预防群体性事件发生的主体力量。地方政府公信力弱化是群体性事件发生的重要原因,同时地方政府公信力是影响其防治群体性事件能力的重要因素。因此,探究群体性事件背景下地方政府公信力的影响因素,对提高地方政府防治群体性事件的能力,确保社会的和谐与稳定具有重大实践意义。     

论我国农民话语权的缺失与保障——基于农村群体性事件频发的分析

当前,我国群体性事件发生数量和频率都在不断上升,群体性事件已成为一个让政府和学者都深感复杂的话题.在所有群体性事件中,涉及“三农”问题的群体性事件更是层出不穷.面对与日俱增的农村群体性事件,我们不得不追问:农民为何要通过体制外的集体行动与政府对话,而不诉诸体制内的利益表达渠道?农村群体性事件的频发与农民话语权的式微有何关联?如何才能有效地控制农村群体性事件的频发?     

群体性上访事件的成因及化解方式

近年来,随着工业化加快转型、城市化加速推进和各项改革的深入推进,由于生产生活方式和利益格局发生重大调整而引发的群体性事件呈逐年增多态势,已成为困扰各级党委、政府的普遍性问题。结合工作实践,笔者对各地中心城区群体性事件进行了归纳总结,提出一些个人看法。     

浅议公安机关群体性事件的现场处置指挥

群体性事件,目前已经成为影响社会稳定的重要因素.文章从群体性事件的性质、公安机关在群体性事件处置中的定位以及现场处置指挥的原则与程序等几个方面进行阐述,以期加强公安民警对群体性事件的认识,进而提升公安机关对群体性事件的处置能力.     

领导干部应对群体性事件的思维进路

近年我国群体性事件频繁发生,对社会的和谐与稳定造成了严重的影响.群体性事件表现各异,原因复杂.笔者认为,在社会转型的大背景下,利益失衡是引发群体性事件的根本原因;群体性事件虽然无法完全杜绝,但也并非不可控制.这就需要领导干部在应对群体性事件时一定要有正确的思维进路,一方面做到防患于未然,另一方面对已出现的问题要应对有序.领导干部应对群体性事件须明确以下几点. 一、明确群体性事件产生的根由 对于群体性事件产生的原因,学术界存在很多不同的说法,比如公共决策中公民参与渠道的不畅、公共决策的失误和不当行政、不同社会群体间的利益冲突、社会分配不公、官员腐败、制度缺陷等.笔者认为,利益失衡是引发群体性事件的根本原因.按照马克思主义的基本原理,在一定程度上,生产力和生产关系的运动是一定的人群(阶级和集团)为了自身利益而进行的一定条件下的选择,人们奋斗所争取的一切都与他们的利益有关,追求利益是人们一切社会活动的动因.所以,利益问题是引发人们行为的根本原因.     

西北民族地区群体性突发事件应急处置机制的优化

转型期,我国西北民族地区的群体性事件不断呈增长态势。西北民族地区群体性事件的产生有其深层根源和自身特点,对地区社会稳定及发展造成了极大的危害。对此,我们必须大力推进地区群体性突发事件预警组织构建,切实有效进行预警机制管理系统的改革,建立健全处置群体性突发事件的预警制度,完善群体性突发事件预警机制保障体系。只有建立完备的群体性突发事件的预警管理系统和预防机制,才能彻底将群体性突发事件扼杀在萌芽状态,从而减少此类事件对地区社会经济发展及公共安全秩序的危害。     

关于油田企业处置突发群体性事件的思考

由人民内部矛盾引发的突发群体性事件成为影响油田稳定的突出问题.加强突发群体性事件的预防和处置对策研究,充分把握突发群体性事件的特点,有助于在处置中争取主动.     

浅析群体性事件的成因及其防控机制

随着经济体制改革的不断深化和城市化进程的加速推进,社会利益格局的调整,一些深层次的矛盾和冲突随之凸现,,其主要表现之一就是群体性事件的增多,而且负面影响增加,严重影响了经济发展和社会稳定和谐。因此,如何预防群体性事件的发生,建立起一整套协调社会冲突的整合机制,化解社会冲突引发的社会风险,是当前建立和谐社会的一个不可回避的重要任务。本文根据当前群体性事件多发的原因、特点,就如何创新群体性事件的防控机制作初步探讨。     

群体性事件处置失当成因分析和处置能力建设

改革的深化会导致社会格局的巨大变动及利益冲突的不断加剧,随之而来的是转型时期的中国群体性事件的高发态势,且表现形式多样,影响广泛.群体性事件多数是政府和公民的矛盾或者原本不是但是最后演化成两者之间的冲突,政府始终是群体性事件中重要的主体.由此也决定了政府在群体性事件的处置中将扮演重要角色,群体性事件的产生、发展与处置都充满着政府及其职能问题的思辨,体现着政府职能运行的影响性.     

群体性事件的心理危机预警干预与综合防控

新时期的中国市场经济转型、利益格局调整,新问题、新矛盾增多,群体性事件呈上升趋势,成为影响构建社会主义和谐社会的一个重要问题.处置群体性事件,如果政府相关工作人员缺乏有效的思想工作技巧,不能及时对事件中群体的心理危机进行有效疏导和干预,将有可能激化矛盾,甚至引发暴力对抗.因此,应根据群体性事件酝酿蓄能、诱导发生、发展激化到最后平息控制四个阶段存在的不同社会心理因素,有针对性地采取应对措施,以减少群体性事件发生的动机和激化的可能.     

Waiting for News in the Market for Lemons

We study a dynamic setting in which stochastic information (news) about the value of a privately informed seller's asset is gradually revealed to a market of buyers. We construct an equilibrium that involves periods of no trade or market failure. The no‐trade period ends in one of two ways: either enough good news arrives, restoring confidence and markets reopen, or bad news arrives, making buyers more pessimistic and forcing capitulation that is, a partial sell‐off of low‐value assets. Conditions under which the equilibrium is unique are provided. We analyze welfare and efficiency as they depend on the quality of the news. Higher quality news can lead to more inefficient outcomes. Our model encompasses settings with or without a standard static adverse selection problem—in a dynamic setting with sufficiently informative news, reservation values arise endogenously from the option to sell in the future and the two environments have the same equilibrium structure.     

Physician buy-in is essential for pay for performance

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida is counting on voluntary participation as it rolls out its innovative pay-for-performance program throughout the state.     

Tolerance for Failure and Incentives for Collaborative Innovation

Most organizations employ collaborative teams to manage innovation projects. Although the use of collaborative innovation teams is a good starting point, an organization's ability to innovate can be enhanced by managing risk‐taking behavior through monetary incentive schemes and through an organizational culture that tolerates failure. This article reports the results of two controlled experiments aimed at understanding how tolerance for failure and incentives impact the decisions of individuals engaged in a collaborative innovation initiative. A key element of our experiments is the notion of endogenous project risk, which we define as the explicit link between resources allocated to a project and the likelihood of project success. We observe that when penalties are low, the amount of risk an individual assumes is fairly insensitive to the rewards that are offered. In an analogous result, when individuals make decisions alone (rather than collaboratively), higher tolerance for failure does little to increase the amount of risk an individual is willing to take. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of implicit incentives that are created as a result of project and organizational characteristics.     

Multi-phase Algorithms for Throughput Maximization for Real-Time Scheduling

We consider the problem of off-line throughput maximization for job scheduling on one or more machines, where each job has a release time, a deadline and a profit. Most of the versions of the problem discussed here were already treated by Bar-Noy et al. (Proc. 31st ACM STOC, 1999, pp. 622–631; http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/amotz/). Our main contribution is to provide algorithms that do not use linear programming, are simple and much faster than the corresponding ones proposed in Bar-Noy et al. (ibid., 1999), while either having the same quality of approximation or improving it. More precisely, compared to the results of in Bar-Noy et al. (ibid., 1999), our pseudo-polynomial algorithm for multiple unrelated machines and all of our strongly-polynomial algorithms have better performance ratios, all of our algorithms run much faster, are combinatorial in nature and avoid linear programming. Finally, we show that algorithms with better performance ratios than 2 are possible if the stretch factors of the jobs are bounded; a straightforward consequence of this result is an improvement of the ratio of an optimal solution of the integer programming formulation of the JISP2 problem (see Spieksma, Journal of Scheduling, vol. 2, pp. 215–227, 1999) to its linear programming relaxation.     

Accounting for inflation: The need for action

The article was prepared at a time when the business community still seemed very uncertain about the significance of changing price levels in relation to accounting statements. Those, including the author, who believed that the unadjusted figures being produced in company revenue accounts and balance sheets gave potentially misleading information sought in various ways, mainly in books and articles, to give greater awareness of the problem. The author's contribution was designed to demonstrate, simply and unequivocally, how business capital, in real terms, is liable to be eroded in periods of rising prices.     

面向第4方物流的多代理人作业整合优化算法

物流作业整合是现代物流方法中减少物流成本的主要手段.在综合考虑代理商选择和线路优化两问题的基础上,建立了基于图状结构的面向第4方物流的多代理人作业整合优化模型.为了避免将代理商选择和线路优化作为两个互相分离的子问题来处理,提出了求解它的两层邻域搜索算法.第1层采用了转移、交换和环形移动3种移动策略求解作业在代理商之间的分配,而在第2层提出了路合并、路生成替换策略,形成了适于该问题的优化算法.随机产生20例算例,将两层邻域搜索算法的计算结果与基于k-最短路的枚举算法的计算结果进行比较,说明了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

A conceptual framework for evaluating designs for corporate innovation

Innovation is becoming mandatory for an increasing number of organizations in order to sustain competitive advantage. This paper explores how designs for corporate entrepreneurship fit within other dimensions of a strategy configuration. To do this, first, seven innovation-related problems are diagnosed. The specific problem patterns arising in three representative approaches to corporate innovation efforts (internal research and development, joint ventures, and acquisition) are discussed. Next, issues related to strategy configuration are examined. The problem-accommodating characteristics associated with specific environmental domain choices and with two routes to competitive advantage are proposed. Hypotheses that reflect the problem characteristics of innovation approaches with the problem propensities resulting from organizational choices of domain and competitive advantages are offered. Specific directions for future research, as well as the practical applications of these concepts, are discussed.     

Comparing Experimental Designs for Benchmark Dose Calculations for Continuous Endpoints

The BMD (benchmark dose) method that is used in risk assessment of chemical compounds was introduced by Crump (1984) and is based on dose-response modeling. To take uncertainty in the data and model fitting into account, the lower confidence bound of the BMD estimate (BMDL) is suggested to be used as a point of departure in health risk assessments. In this article, we study how to design optimum experiments for applying the BMD method for continuous data. We exemplify our approach by considering the class of Hill models. The main aim is to study whether an increased number of dose groups and at the same time a decreased number of animals in each dose group improves conditions for estimating the benchmark dose. Since Hill models are nonlinear, the optimum design depends on the values of the unknown parameters. That is why we consider Bayesian designs and assume that the parameter vector has a prior distribution. A natural design criterion is to minimize the expected variance of the BMD estimator. We present an example where we calculate the value of the design criterion for several designs and try to find out how the number of dose groups, the number of animals in the dose groups, and the choice of doses affects this value for different Hill curves. It follows from our calculations that to avoid the risk of unfavorable dose placements, it is good to use designs with more than four dose groups. We can also conclude that any additional information about the expected dose-response curve, e.g., information obtained from studies made in the past, should be taken into account when planning a study because it can improve the design.     

Ethical Room for Maneuver: Playground for the Food Business

In a world of glossy corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, the shallowness of the actual CSR results may well be its counterpart. We claim that the possible gaps between aspirations and implementations are due to the company's overrating abilities to deal with the irrational and complex moral world of business. Many academic approaches aim to lift business ethics up to a higher level by enhancing competences but will fail because they are too rationalistic and generalistic to match the pluralistic and situational practice constituted by the mosaic of values and set of constraints. This is demonstrated by describing and analyzing the CSR development of the multinational caterer Sodexo and in particular its Dutch branch. We explain what they do and why they are not successful. We present a new tool named Ethical Room for Maneuver that centers experiences and concrete situations in a playground of inquiry and experiment to enhance abilities to operate in themoral world and to meliorate business and society with more effectiveness.