内外控人格特质的研究及其在管理中的应用

内外控人格特质是个体对其行为及行为所产生的后果强化后的信念。内外控人格特质的不同不但影响个体对工作的态度,还影响着个体对组织的承诺感及满意度,从而影响到员工工作绩效和离职意图。通过对影响内外控人格特质的因素进行归纳,对目前常用的测量内外控人格特质的量表进行分类,并对内外控人格特质在管理中的应用进行分析的基础上,对国内外内外控人格特质的研究现状进行了较全面的概述,并在此基础上提出了5个方面的研究方向。     

企业的创新能力、行业地位与员工离职意图的关系研究

本文以川东深井钻探公司的调查数据为样本进行了实证分析,主要探讨了企业的创新能力和行业地位对员工离职意图是否有影响,同时考察了组织承诺、内部社会支持和好的工作机会等因素对离职意图的影响。结果表明,企业的行业地位和上司支持对离职意图有显著的负影响,好的工作机会对离职意图有显著的正影响;企业的创新能力、组织承诺和同事支持没有对离职意图表现出显著的影响。     

企业雇员组织承诺周期模型研究

本文在32个组织、1453份问卷调查的基础上,阐释了两个重要问题:(1)服务年限对组织承诺水平有显著的影响;(2)组织承诺水平如何随着服务年限发生改变?先前的理论和实证研究是基于组织承诺水平随着雇员服务年限的变化而变化,在雇员刚刚进入组织时下降,尔后开始上升。然而,和现存的组织承诺发展理论相反,组织承诺周期理论揭示出雇员的组织承诺随其服务年限的增长表现出周期性变化,并且显著地划分为五个阶段:震荡期、认同期、稳定期、反刍期、固化期。研究结果对于提高雇员组织承诺和预防雇员离职具有重要的意义。     

员工个性特征在离职倾向中的调节效应研究

本文用逐级回归方法在分析了员工工作满意度的各维度对员工离职倾向的解释能力,检验了员工个性特征在离职倾向决定过程中的调节效应。主要结论包括：第一,员工工作的满意度对离职倾向具有显著的解释能力。第二,员工内外控取向的个性特征与员工工作的满意度及其各维度变量的交互作用对离职倾向具有调节作用。其中,物质回报．工作制度相关与员工内外控属性的交互作用对离职倾向的影响最为显著。     

多层次员工离职维度实证研究——以江苏某船舶有限公司为例

通过对江苏某船舶有限公司员工离职情况的调查,利用层次分析法对影响员工离职维度进行实证分析。结果显示,工作压力和报酬公平是影响生产车间和职能部门员工离职的主要维度,职业成长度和组织承诺是影响技术部门和管理层员工离职的关键维度。企业整体员工离职分析,职业成长度、报酬公平、组织承诺和企业文化是导致员工离职行为的主要维度。工作压力和个人因素也是导致员工离职的维度不显著。     

组织承诺周期模型的构建及实证研究

组织承诺已经被学者们从不同的方面进行研究,但先前的理论和实证研究是基于组织承诺水平随着雇员服务年限的变化而变化,在雇员刚刚进入组织时下降,尔后开始上升.在职业周期理论的基础上,提出了组织承诺水平周期变化模型.为了检验组织承诺随着服务年限变化的情况,使用了跨时间系列研究.然而,和现存的组织承诺发展理论相反,组织承诺周期理论揭示出雇员的组织承诺随其服务年限的增长表现出周期性变化,并且显著地划分为5个阶段震荡期、认同期、稳定期、反刍期、固化期.研究结果对于提高雇员组织承诺和预防雇员离职具有重要的意义.     

雇佣契约对心理契约破坏影响的实证研究

以中国某国有银行支行222名员工为样本,应用结构方程模型和分步骤多元回归等统计分析方法,研究雇佣契约对员工心理契约破坏反应的影响,即心理契约破坏与员工工作态度(工作满意度和离职倾向)间关系中雇佣契约(雇佣契约类型和持续承诺)具有的调节作用.实证结果表明,企业心理契约破坏与员工工作满意度负相关,与离职倾向正相关;雇佣契约类型调节心理契约破坏与员工工作满意度间关系,即与长期雇员相比,短期雇员工作满意度水平的变化程度更大,雇佣契约类型对心理契约破坏与离职倾向间关系不具有调节作用;持续承诺弱化了心理契约破坏与工作满意度、离职倾向间的关系,即与持续承诺低的员工相比,持续承诺高的员工对心理契约破坏的反应更为平和.     

员工个人特性对组织承诺与离职意愿的影响研究

本论文运用组织行为学的理论,在大量的问卷调查基础上,通过对我国员工的组织承诺和离职意愿的实证分析,揭示了员工的性别、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、户口等人口学特征变量和职位、连续工龄、离职次数、晋升概率、晋升次数等职务相关变量对员工的组织承诺有显著影响。同时,指出员工的组织承诺对离职意愿有显著影响。研究结果对提高员工的组织承诺以及预防员工离职具有一定的借鉴意义。     

个人-组织匹配、工作满意度与员工离职意向关系的实证研究

从个人-组织匹配的理论视角出发,用实证方法研究企业的个人-组织匹配与工作满意度之间的关系,以及它们对员工离职意向的影响.研究结果表明,个人-组织匹配对工作满意度起到显著正向影响;个人-组织匹配对员工离职意向起到显著负向影响;工作满意度对员工离职意向起到显著负向影响;工作满意度中的2个维度--工作压力满意度和管理因素满意度在个人-组织匹配对离职意向的影响中起中介作用.     

IT企业技术员工离职意图路径模型实证研究

本文以来自西安15家IT公司的470名技术员工为样本,采用OLS回归分析对Price离职意图路径模型进行了实证研究。研究主要发现:该模型能够较好地解释本研究样本的离职意图;单调性对工作满意度的影响受到单调性相应价值观的调节作用,分配公平性和晋升机会对组织承诺度的影响受到这两个变量相应价值观的调节作用;组织承诺度、工作满意度、工作寻找行为、机会、工作投入度、期望匹配度、积极情感、职业成长度、晋升机会和工作单调性等十个变量被辨识为离职意图的主要决定量。     

Absenteeism, turnover intention and inequity in the employment relationship

In this field study a preliminary social exchange model was proposed that related perceived inequity in the employment relationship to subsequent absenteeism and turnover intention. From an equity perspective, it was hypothesized that absenteeism and turnover intention are indirectly related to perceived inequity in the exchange relationship with the organization, mediated by feelings of resentment and poor organizational commitment. By employing covariance structure modelling, the model was tested among mental health care professionals (N = 90). The results demonstrated that the relationship between perceived inequity and turnover intention was fully mediated by poor organizational commitment, which was, in turn, partially triggered by feelings of resentment that were associated with perceived inequity. In contrast, there was a strong direct link between inequity in the employment relationship and absenteeism, not mediated by resentment and poor organizational commitment. It was concluded that absenteeism and turnover intention can both be considered to be withdrawal reactions to perceived inequity, but that the two reactions differ in their underlying dynamics. The implications of these findings were discussed.     

A managerial and personal control model: predictions of work alienation and organizational commitment in Hungary

This article examines the influence of managerial and personal control upon work-related alienation and organizational commitment in the Eastern-European nation of Hungary. The research identifies the extent to which Western management theory and practices are relevant to transitional economic nations such as Hungary. We chose leadership and job characteristics as managerial control mechanisms and locus of control as a personal mechanism of control. These categories of control variables have well-established associations to attitudes and behaviors in the Western management literature, but limited evidence has been generated in Hungary. A survey among 395 Hungarian workers in five companies found that leadership, job characteristics, and individual locus of control explained work-related alienation but did not explain organizational commitment. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Turnover intention: the effects of core self-evaluations,proactive personality,perceived organizational support,developmental feedback,and job complexity

Despite extensive examination of predictors for turnover and turnover intention, most studies have focused on attitudinal and behavioural aspects of individual employees. Based on a study of knowledge workers in a Korean conglomerate, we investigated the effects of personal (i.e. core self-evaluations and proactive personality) and contextual factors (i.e. perceived organizational support, developmental feedback, and job complexity) on turnover intention. There were modestly negative but significant correlations between the contextual factors and turnover intention. In addition, core self-evaluations were found to be negatively related to turnover intention. Managers and human resource development professionals could play a pivotal role in retention of these knowledge workers by building better practices related to organizational culture, providing job redesign, and engaging in other employee developmental practices such as coaching.     

Exploring turnover intentions among three professional groups of employees

Abstract

Although considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding work attitudes, behaviours and outcomes regarding turnover intentions, little has been done to explore it across different professions. This study takes a step in this direction and examines the effect of affective commitment, job satisfaction and job performance on turnover intentions across three professions. To this end, we surveyed three professional groups of employees and managers: financial officers and social workers employed in the public sector and lawyers employed in the private sector. The results of these three studies show that turnover intentions vary across these professions. Social workers exhibit lower turnover intentions than financial officers and lawyers, who tend to exhibit high turnover intentions. In addition, we found that job satisfaction and affective commitment are negatively associated with turnover intentions, while no significant relationship was found to exist between job performance and turnover intentions. The implications of this study suggest that both researchers and practitioners should take into consideration not only the organizational context, but also the occupational context while exploring the process of voluntary turnover.     

Beyond leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation: An indigenous approach to leader–member relationship differentiation

The existing literature has established that leaders differentiate among their followers; however, the focus has long been on the Western leader–member exchange (LMX) theory. This paper examines leader–member relationship differentiation from an indigenous, leader–member guanxi (LMG) perspective. Using a sample of 60 groups and 228 employees, we examined the dual effects of LMG differentiation on employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and co-worker helping behavior after controlling for LMX, LMX median, and LMX differentiation. The results of this study supported the proposed dual effects of LMG differentiation, demonstrating that LMG differentiation, in general, is detrimental to employees' work attitudes and their intentions to stay in an organization. On the contrary, interestingly enough, LMG differentiation can accentuate the positive relationship between LMG and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and co-worker helping behaviors.     

支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进:情感倾向的调节作用

基于组织支持理论和资源保存理论,构建了支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进模型,通过对40家制造业企业员工的问卷调查,采用多元调节回归的方法进行统计分析。研究结果表明,支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进对员工组织情感承诺、工作满意度和离职意向有显著影响;情感倾向对支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进与结果变量之间的关系有调节作用。当个体的情感倾向处于积极时,由组织支持资源带来的工作-家庭促进会显著提高员工的工作满意度、组织情感承诺,降低离职意向。     

Individual value systems,organizational investments,and personal constraints as predictors of organizational commitment: Direct or indirect effects?

This study attempted to determine if individual value systems, organizational investments, and personal constraints affect organizational commitment directly or only indirectly through job satisfaction. Previous research has determined that certain job characteristics exert only indirect effects on the value or affective dimension of organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether other categories of antecedents have any direct effects on value commitment. The study used hierarchical regression on data from 270 evening MBA students employed full-time in managerial or professional positions. Results showed that organizational investments and the Protestant Work Ethic both exerted significant direct effects on organizational commitment as predicted. Personal constraints showed a negative relationship with value commitment, opposite to the prediction, while the effect of the Materialistic Work Ethic was nonsignificant. However, job satisfaction showed a substantially higher correlation with value commitment than did any other antecedent.     

Assessing ethical efficacy,workplace incivility,and turnover intention: a moderated-mediation model

Drawing upon the social cognitive theory and social identity theory, this study hypothesizes that ethical efficacy and perceived workplace incivility affect turnover intention via the full mediation of emotional exhaustion. At the same time, organizational identification is a moderator in the development of turnover intention. A field survey on 512 employees from high-tech and banking industries was conducted for empirical testing. Test results using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analyses reveal that emotional exhaustion fully mediates the relationship between workplace incivility and turnover intention, as well as between ethical efficacy and turnover intention. Organizational identification positively moderates the effect of workplace incivility on emotional exhaustion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the empirical findings.