警察权与人权初论

警察权是各国警察理论的基石,而人权则是保持人的尊严的不可少的权利,是一个发展的概念,警察权来源于人权并以保障人权为己任,两者既有一致性也存在着冲突,如何实现两者的协调运作成为理论关注的焦点.     

当“大腕儿”遭遇“乌龍”事件——看那些名人、名企的“权、利”纷争

话说“人怕出名猪怕壮”,众多名人“被出书”、“被代言”,域名、商标遭抢注事件一再证明了这个颠扑不破的真理.iPad商标之争,林书豪域名被抢注,迈克尔·乔丹讨要自己的姓名权,“大衣哥”朱之文被代言……一个又一个“狗血”的案例为我们提供了现实版的普及教材,也为企业和个人敲响了“警钟”.     

气候变化与人权：何种温室气体排放权

气候变化会对基本人权,如生命权、健康权、食物权、住房权、财产权、文化权、迁移定居权、安全权等,造成许多严重的伤害。可从生存排放权、人均排放权和发展排放权三个方面对温室气体排放权进行分析与考查。在保护人民的气候权利方面,国家和政府负有不可推托的责任。在当前的背景下,提出气候权利问题的直接目的就是保护发展中国家与弱势群体的利益,并促使发达国家和富人承担更多的减排义务。     

Equal Marital Property Rights

Although the Family Law Act recognizes the contribution of a marriage partner as homemaker and parent, in practice, such contributions are often not recognized as equal to those made by paid workers when property is divided on divorce. Because a woman's earning capacity is usually diminished by her family responsibilities, the existing discretionary approach to property division reinforces women's dependency on men. Under a system of equal marital property rights, the equal value of contributions of unpaid spouses would be clearly established. Assets accumulated before marriage would usually be excluded from the equal ownership rule (and hence from distribution to the other party on divorce), both partners would be informed of transactions during marriage, and parties who choose to could contract out of the equal rights scheme. Men and women would know from the outset of marriage what their rights were.     

Land Rights or Death

The effect of the refusal to cede Aborigines title to land and the importance of land rights to Aborigines are considered. An examination is made of the past and the continuing alienation of Aborigines' land. Violence is placed in perspective. Suggestions are made as how the granting of land rights will need to be supplemented if the crisis confronting both white and black Australians is to be faced.     

福利与人权

多数人认为人权是政治问题 ,在经济学领域 ,也很少有人讨论人权。其实 ,人的经济行为都在追求福利最大 ,这是每一个从事经济活动的人都应有的权利。福利和人权的关系理应属于伦理经济学范畴。从经济学的深层意义去讨论经济、人权、福利、人的全面发展的关系 ,应该是今后一段时期在理论经济学界要引起重视的课题。     

哈贝马斯的权利理论

本文探讨了哈贝马斯的权利理论,主要包括权利与道德和法律的关系、权利体系的内容以及权利的来源,在这些讨论中,重点分析了哈贝马斯与自由主义和社群主义的分歧,并指出了其权利理论的根本问题.     

产权性质、现金股利与中小股东权益保护

基于半强制现金股利政策与我国股权分置改革的背景,以2013—2016年沪深两市A股上市公司的2533个样本数据为依据,建立模型,可以看出产权性质、现金股利与中小股东权益保护之间的关系。研究结果表明,现金股利与中小股东权益保护存在显著的正相关性,产权性质能够调节两者之间的关系,可以为企业制定合理的现金分红政策、保护中小股东的权益、提升企业价值提供必要参考。     

Taking Rights Structurally: Disability, Rights and Social Worker Responses to Direct Payments

Correspondence to: Tim Stainton, School of Social Work and Family Studies, University of British Columbia, 2080 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z2. E-mail: timst{at}interchange.ubc.ca Summary This article examines the link between a justice and rightsdiscourse and disability policy and practice. Specifically,it considers social worker responses to direct payments, a policywhich has been linked to a discourse of social justice and rights.The article initially considers the nature of justice and rights,arguing that these can plausibly be seen to be grounded in theidea of autonomy and that a rights or justice based social policyand practice must be grounded in the protection, enhancementand development of the capacity for autonomous action. The articlethen presents partial findings of a research project, whichsampled social workers' views and attitudes towards direct paymentsin three local authorities. The findings suggest that socialworkers are aware of the link between direct payments and autonomyand are generally very supportive of the move to a rights basedapproach to policy and practice as evidenced by programmes suchas direct payments. The paper also concludes that structuralconstraints limit social workers' ability to fully functionfrom a rights based approach to disability.     

论后现代的人权观

本文阐释了后现代主义的人权观点 ,认为生存权、生活权是后现代人权观的重要内容。除此之外 ,后现代人权观的出现也是一种历史的必然。     

权利、损害与损失

文章以过失侵权法为分析的切入点,探讨权利、损害与损失诸概念之间的关系,尽管某些论断具有更广的涵盖性。主要分为三部分:首先,论述权利与损害的关系;其次,论述权利与损失的关系;最后,论述损害与损失的关系。在每个部分均得出独立而相互关联的结论:第一,损害概念是看似可行的以权利为基础的过失侵权法之必要组成部分;第二,在概念上不可能存在一项不会遭受损失的权利;第三,损害与损失是具有根本差异的不同概念。     

论人权与发展的关系

人权与发展是相互依存、相辅相成的关系。人权与发展有着共同的目的。人权的普遍实现,离不开发展;发展离开了人权,也会失去方向和意义。发展观从以物为中心到以人为中心的转变反映了人们对人权与发展关系认识的深化。人权作为目标、内容和标准对发展提出了新的要求:它要求把以人权为基础的方法运用到人类发展的各个方面。     

刑事侦查权的失衡问题刍议

反思现实存在的问题,可以发现我国的刑事侦查权存在侦查机关的自行决定权力过大,检察机关的法律监督制约简单肤浅,留于形式,犯罪嫌疑人的辩护形无力虚,刑事诉讼参与人特别是犯罪嫌疑人缺乏有效的权利救济手段和救济途径,导致刑事侦查权因缺乏有效的监督制约而明显失衡.根据我国的司法实践结合国际公约的要求,必须建立中立、公正的司法审查,增强由法官主持司法介入审查刑事侦查权力行使合法性,以防止侦查中的强制性措施对犯罪嫌疑人造成滥用伤害,避免侦查权的异化,达到社会主义法治体制在刑事侦查行为规范的完善.     

New Rights and New Opportunities

The great amount of work performed in recent years to augment the role of the Soviets was noted in the documents of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party and in speeches by the delegates. The work that has been done serves as the foundation, the basis, for new efforts to strengthen the authority of the organs of power and enhance their responsibility for the development of industry and agriculture, for improving sociocultural services and amenities for the population, and for strengthening socialist legality.     

Toddlers Assert and Acknowledge Ownership Rights

Two studies compared toddler owners and non‐owners of toys. Children of 24 and 30 months were supplied with toys and told that they were owners. In play with friends, owners were more likely than non‐owners to maintain possession, claim toys verbally (‘mine’), and non‐verbally, by attempting to regain their own toys in their friends' possession. Children communicated their ownership early in each episode and in preference to other information about the toys. Toddlers in both studies identified toys belonging to their friends and acknowledged their friends' ownership with possessive statements (‘yours’), and in Study 2, recognized the relationship between owners and their property by offering toys that their friends owned. In these ways, toddlers' actions were consistent with accepted ownership rights.     

关于表演者权的几点思考

表演者权是我国著作权法保护的邻接权之一,在这些年的司法实践中出现了很多有争议的问题,反映出相关的立法有许多有待于进一步完善之处。本文对表演者权的主体、职务表演的表演者权归属、表演者权与肖像权的关系等几个典型问题进行了较全面地分析。     

再论监护性质

现有监护性质学说多数陷入语义分析学的窠臼,应透过具体的制度构成,在历史流变与社会的具体情境中,以相对稳定的法律架构为依托,以社会需求与功能满足为导向,予以恰当定性。现代监护是一种以救济自然人一般意思的形成与实现瑕疵为基本目的,而由特定范围内的第三人所承担的社会职务。     

印度妇女权益问题浅析

印度独立后至今陆续出台了一些有关妇女的重要法规 ,其中如 195 0年印度宪法 ,规定了对公民在宗教、性别和民族上不得有任何歧视 ,确认了男女的平等地位 ;195 6年印度教继承法第一次赋予妇女以财产继承权 ;1976年公布的有关男女同工同酬的规定等。这些法规促进了印度妇女发展事业的进程 ,使妇女的地位有所改善。另一方面 ,“宪法确实赋予了妇女平等的权利 ,但仅有宪法的条文还不够 ,平等鲜花绽放的美好形势还有待营造。……事实上 ,5 0年来印度妇女发展进程极其迟缓。……毫无疑问 ,一些名门闺秀也曾问津高官要职 ,但一般妇女则依然匍匐在原…