The Impact of Welfare Reform Policies on Child Protective Services: A National Study

The 1996 welfare reform bill set forth major changes in social welfare policies. In addition to federal work requirements and time limits, new state policies impose behavioral mandates that may be accompanied by financial sanctions for noncompliance. Analysis of a survey of state Child Protection Services (CPS) directors focuses on four major areas: effect of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) on CPS; interaction between the two agencies; role of TANF sanctions in referrals to CPS; and select special areas of concern. This research provides empirical insight into the interaction between these two agencies, specific TANF sanctions, and the potential conflicts between TANF policies and CPS concerns for the welfare of children and families under its charge.     

网络游戏--青少年德育不可失守的阵地

综合治理 网络游戏作为网络业赢利丰厚的三大领域之一(网上金融、网上教育、网络游戏),近年来为整个信息社会的迅速发展注入了新的动力,为世界经济的繁荣带来了新的活力和增长点。在创造巨大经济财富的同时,它也对社会的文化建设提出了新的挑战。和其他的所有精神产品不     

The Impact of European Law on the Development of Social Security Policies in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom joined the European Community in 1973, since when there has been a growing awareness of the international context to the making and delivery of social security. Obligations imposed under the Treaty of Rome to allow for the application of equal opportunities and the free movement of workers were bound to require changes to social security entitlements. It may have been hypothezised that membership of the European Community would promote the convergence of social security systems: the coming together of policies and the equalization of benefit levels. In the event, bilateral agreements between countries remain important and, with the important exception of the decisions of the European Court of Justice, the impact of the European Community (latterly European Union) on policy and practice in the United Kingdom has remained limited.     

Conflicts of Interest in Academic Research: Policies,Processes, and Attitudes

Few studies have examined academic researchers' understandings of or attitudes toward conflict of interest policies even though these understandings and attitudes represent a crucial component of both compliance and educational efforts. This study reports the results of a large-scale, cross-sectional survey of research faculty at the nine campuses of the University of California regarding their understandings of and attitudes toward campus conflict of interest policies. We gathered information on their general assessments of investigators with financial ties to industry sponsors and reactions to the process of implementing conflict of interest policies at their respective campuses. We surveyed 1,971 faculty members from the nine-campus University of California system and had 779 responses (39% response rate). The sampled faculty were in the ten departments with the most number of financial disclosures at each campus. We utilized the WebSurveyor software to create a secure, online, 21-item survey. Our study reveals faculty with complex, sometimes contradictory, feelings about academic-industry relationships and highlights perceived gaps in policy and process. Most respondents were concerned about unlimited financial relationships, but a sizable number also viewed campus policies as irrelevant. Some expressed considerable anger over the process of policy implementation, rejecting the policies on the basis of professional and individual self-determination and moral integrity. Our study suggests the need for renewed efforts to encourage awareness of the relevance of conflict of interest policies for all faculty, new efforts to increase understanding of the situational nature of conflicts of interest, and a reexamination of the processes of policy implementation at the campus level.     

农民的教育需求分析及政策导引

渴望教育、追求知识是广大农民自发的心态 ,但它在与家庭经济状况、巨额教育投资、微小收益回报等经济因素相联系 ,在与教育动机、内容、体制等现实教育状况相联系 ,在与农村政策环境及相关人群收入等社会现实相联系时 ,内驱力、外压力明显不足。因此 ,从内容和形式的结合上构建社会化的开放的多样的农民终身教育体系 ,从体制和机制的结合上建构面对市场经济、迎接知识经济的可操作性的相关政策法规体系 ,就成为重要的应对策略。     

The ABCs of nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) schemes

Nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) pension schemes have been successfully implemented since the mid‐1990s in a number of European countries such as Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland and Sweden. The NDC approach features the lifelong contribution–benefit link of a financial defined contribution (FDC) personal account scheme, but is based on the pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) format. At its start out, the PAYG commitments of the preceding defined benefit (DB) system are converted into individual personal accounts, allowing for a smooth transition from the DB to the DC format, while avoiding the very high transition costs inherent in a move from a traditional PAYG DB scheme to a fully funded FDC scheme. The NDC approach implemented by the rule book is able to manage the economic and demographic risks inherent to a pension scheme and, by design, creates financial sustainability. As in any pension scheme, the linchpin between financial stability and adequacy is the retirement age; in the NDC approach the individual retirement age above the minimum age is by design self‐selected and by incentives should increase the effective retirement age in line with population ageing. As a systemic reform approach NDC has become a strong competitor to piecemeal parametric reforms of traditional nonfinancial DB (NDB) schemes. While frequent, these reforms are far from transparent and usually too timid and too late to create financial sustainability while providing adequate pensions for the average contributor. This article offers a largely non‐technical introduction to NDC schemes, their basic elements and advantages over NDB schemes, the key technical frontiers of the approach, and the experiences of NDC countries.     

Restructuring Long-Term Care in Spain: The Impact of The Economic Crisis on Social Policies and Social Work Practice

ABSTRACT

Care needs of the aging population are increasing in Southern European countries. The purpose of this article is to explore the implications of meeting these needs while taking into account the recent economic crisis, which has deeply affected countries such as Spain. This study is part of a European project (ISCH COST Action IS1102) and is based mainly on qualitative information that focuses on in-depth interviews with social service workers (n = 19) who provide the service and program recipients or their caregivers (n = 14). In addition, two discussion groups were conducted with professionals (n = 9) and program volunteers (n = 5), as well as a workshop/discussion group (n = 28) with politicians, service providers, and participants. Six thematic premises were identified with differing views being highlighted relevant to the participants' roles in the program. Future research should explore social service strategies to deal with the increase in care needs as well as community-based responses.     

Research Misconduct Policies of Social Science Journals and Impact Factor

In this study we gathered data on the misconduct policies of social science journals and combined it with the data from our previous study on journal misconduct policies, which did not include enough social science journals for data analysis. Consistent with our earlier finding, impact factor of the journal was the only variable significantly associated with whether a journal had a formal (written) misconduct policy with an odds-ratio of 1.72 (p < 0.01). We did not find that type of science (physical, biomedical, or social) or publisher had a significant effect on whether a journal had a policy. Another important finding is that less than half of the journals that responded to the survey had a formal misconduct policy.     

WTO贸易政策对中国林产品贸易政策的影响

以世界贸易组织原则为核心的国际贸易政策越来越多地影响着各种贸易行为和贸易政策制定。林产品贸易是一个国家国际贸易总和的一部分 ,对许多发展中国家来说 ,林产品的进出口蕴藏着极有经济价值的潜能并将为其服务。为适应多边自由贸易体制 ,阐述了WTO贸易政策的一般规范与扩展 ,分析了其对中国林产品贸易政策的影响以及我国林产品贸易面对WTO的贸易政策所应采取的战略对策。     

Affirmative Reaction: The Influence of Type of Justification on Nonbeneficiary Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action Plans in Higher Education

It is popularly believed that justifying an affirmative action plan (AAP) through emphasizing the advantages that diverse students can bring to a college campus will increase nonbeneficiary support for the program. However, there has been little empirical support for this proposition, perhaps because previous research has not directly articulated to participants the value of a diverse student body. As such, the current study sought to determine how the explicit framing of an AAP influences subsequent reactions. Both quantitative and qualitative data from 216 White undergraduate participants revealed that the utilitarianism justification that highlighted the benefits of the AAP to both minority and majority students, was the most effective means of increasing support for the plan.     

The Practice of Religion in Australia

Nominally most Australians are christians, but fewer than one-third regularly attend church. Many privileges flow to christian churches and religious procedures are still imposed in some circumstances. It is commonly assumed that everyone has a religion, though it is doubtful whether the majority have any real belief. Australia should re-examine the place of religion in society.     

现阶段我国社会分层结构对教育公平的影响

改革开放以来,我国的社会分层结构越来越复杂,以先赋地位为主的社会分化模式逐渐被后致地位为主的分层模式所替代,分层的标准多元化和人格化改变了传统的封建世袭身份的保守倾向,特别是社会成员的权力、收入、声望和机会越来越取决于个人的受教育程度,这使人们对教育公平有了新的追求,即充分实现教育机会均等。而现阶段我国由政治待遇、社会声望及升迁机会的差别而构成的社会层次序列越来越明显,收入来源越来越多样化,收入差异也越来越大,反映在教育领域则表现为对教育的不同需求。这种社会分层结构的变化加剧了教育利益的矛盾,产生了新的教育不公平。教育与个人社会地位的关系十分紧密,反映了社会结构的变化更趋于理性和良性发展,而社会分层对于教育公平的影响,也只有在合理的分层条件下才有意义,因此全社会都必须重视教育,关心教育机会的公平问题。     

Impact of an Infusion Model on Social Work Students' Aging Knowledge,Attitudes, and Interests

Abstract

This study sought to provide data regarding the use of infusion of gerontological materials throughout curriculums to enhance students' attitudes toward older adults, their knowledge of aging-related issues, and their perceptions of gerontological social work. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare outcomes for graduate social work students who were and those who were not exposed to gerontological infusion. Results indicated that exposed students experienced a greater improvement in their view of aging-related career opportunities and in their belief in the importance of gerontological social work. Treatment group students also showed greater gains in self-rated aging knowledge. Both treatment and control group students had significant gains in a test of aging-related knowledge. Pedagogical implications are discussed.     

《醒世姻缘传》神道设教的民间性策略

与前后期文人世情小说不同,《醒世姻缘传》神道设教采取了一种民间性策略。作者取用神道立足于民间受众,神道设教中多关涉民间意义上的宗族伦理与儒家社会伦理,把民间祈福畏祸的文化心理作为扬善惩恶的教化落点,从而有效呼应了作品以儒家思想为主导的教化主旨。在世风浇漓、道德沦丧的晚明社会,这种文学救世的策略,无疑十分切实而有效。这也是《醒世姻缘传》神道设教的成功之处。     

高校体育隐性思想政治教育对全方位育人工作影响路径研究

高校体育隐性思想政治教育对高校加强和改进思想政治工作具有特殊意义.基于此,该评估指标由全方位育人工作、高校体育隐性思想政治教育、育人内容3个维度、44个指标所构成,经过检验发现该测量指标具有较好的信效度.通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,构建了高校体育隐性思想政治教育对全方位育人工作影响路径评估模型,经过检验、修正及计算,最后测得全方位育人工作、高校体育隐性思想政治教育、育人内容三个潜在变量之间的相关关系路径系数分别为0.89、0.92、0.83.     

民间化:现代同人杂志的出版策略--20世纪20年代的《语丝》杂志和北新书局

本文以2 0世纪2 0年代北京的同人杂志《语丝》和北新书局为研究对象,通过讨论《语丝》以北新书局为根据地所进行的编辑、出版和发行等运作手段,揭示了民间化出版机构出现的必然性及其在现代文化史和文学史上的地位。