Using Literary Shanghai as a Method——The Reflection and Rebuilding of Relationship Between Shanghai and Literature

Shanghaiology,originated in the 1980s,has attracted the public' s eyes by Imaginary Shanghai instead of Realistic Shanghai.Translate this into terms of literature and you get this:Shanghai Literature has been replaced by Literary Shanghai.Therefore, Literary Shanghai has been put forward in this article in order to further the relationship between Shanghai and literature and offer an effective model.     

Land Politics: Two Points of View and Two Perspectives——The Correlation Research on Rural Land and Politics

对于中国传统经济时期土地与乡村政治之间的关系问题,存在两种观点.“无关论”认为土地与乡村政治之间并没有直接的关系;“有关论”认为小块土地作为传统村庄治理的基础,与乡村政治间存在着因果或相关关系.在“相关论”的前提下,对于土地与乡村政治之间的互动影响机制存在宏观和微观两个分析视角,但已有的研究对小块土地与乡村治理之间的关系研究缺乏直接的因果论证.基于小块土地对乡村治理的实际影响可以发现,农村小块土地不仅产生了重要的经济影响,而且在社会层面上塑造了农民的“五种性格”,同时通过利益、偏好和权威三个机制实现了乡村的政治效应.     

The Relation Between Buddhism Secularization and Jiangnan Folk Faith——Focusing on the Custom of Guan Yin and Cheng Huang in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时代宗教的发展越来越突出其实用性与功利性的价值,越来越趋向平民化、内容世俗化。宗教的世俗化意味着传统教义中的神圣性质在逐步地淡化和减少,传统宗教的仪式及组织也日趋简化,传统宗教放下身价主动向民间信仰靠拢。从江南地区观音信仰及城隍崇拜的盛行,可以看出明清时期佛道发展的这一世俗化趋势。明清时期的城隍神最初是由官方赋予的官僚形式,成为神道设教与打击淫祠的象征,但是苏州民众却将其逐渐演变成富有特色的民间宗教信仰活动,包含进丰富的民生内容。最终使得城隍信仰活动演变成为苏州城乡民众的狂欢节日。     

The Rūpa in India Culture and Its Expansion —Image in the Perspectives of Comparative Culture and Literary Theory (Part Ⅲ)

印度文化中的形象由多个概念体现出来:色与相是西方image的相似物,境是主客合一的形象,情呈现了艺术形象的三重结构,味体现了形象的印度型本质,韵呈现了文学形象的特质.