基于SVN的重大工程组织安全行为价值网络及驱动路径研究

重大基础设施工程(以下简称重大工程)的实施涉及多方组织,组织之间形成复杂的利益相关者关系,合作效率及组织安全行为的有效性对重大工程安全管理绩效具有重要影响。本文基于价值理论、利益相关者理论和利益相关者价值网络(Stakeholder Value Network,SVN)分析方法,研究重大工程组织安全行为(Organizational Safety Behavior in Megaproject,MOSB)在利益相关者之间的价值交换和传递情况,构建了包含三类组织安全行为、八类利益相关者和61条价值流的MOSB-SVN模型。研究表明,MOSB-SVN模型能够通过识别关键利益相关者、关键行为和高分价值路径,得出各利益相关者的价值获取能力以及三类组织安全行为的执行效果。依据模型分析结果提出价值提升建议,为提高重大工程安全绩效提供新的思路。     

基于合作治理的公交服务控制权配置及其对效益的影响:以上海市公交服务为例

公交服务效益不佳而引发了国有化回潮的现象,其关键在于政府、公交企业和社会群体三方主体在合作中控制权配置不合理.针对此问题,基于合作治理的背景,运用非对称信息条件下的委托代理理论构建公交服务合作的效益模型,探讨公交服务各主体控制权配置及其对效益的影响,并以上海市公交服务的数据进行实证检验.结果表明:公交企业控制权配置受其自身产出水平的影响,产出水平越高的企业,其获得的控制权也就更大;公交企业控制权与效益是“倒U型”关系,只有控制权在合理范围内时才有利于效益的增加;各方主体在自身控制权范围内,其努力水平与效益是“倒U型”关系,表明政府过度干预、社会群体无效参与均不利于效益的提高.据此提出在合作中的战略、战术和执行层级中合理安排各主体控制权.     

The Impact of Contract Manufacturing on Inventory Performance: An Examination of U.S. Manufacturing Industries

In recent years, a growing number of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have transferred their manufacturing processes to specialized firms, known as contract manufacturers. In so doing, contract manufacturers can reduce an OEM's production costs and provide OEMs with flexibility in the production process. We examine another potential reason for the use of contract manufacturing—the potential for efficiency gains from inventory reductions. Employing econometric models and data representing manufacturing industries in the USA, we provide statistical evidence that contract manufacturing can lead to lower industry‐wide inventory levels, after controlling for other relevant factors. Key managerial implications are derived from the analysis.     

Estimates of per Capita Fish Consumption in the U.S. Based on the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII)

This paper presents estimates of daily average per capita fish consumption by age and gender for the 48 conterminous states. The estimated consumption rates are reported for three fish habitats: freshwater/estuarine fish, marine fish, and all fish. The estimates were generated from the combined 1989, 1990, and 1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), a national food consumption survey conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Point and interval estimates of per capita fish consumption were generated from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita consumption. The point estimates include the mean, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Ninety percent confidence intervals are provided for the estimated mean and 90% bootstrap intervals are provided for percentile estimates. Information in a recipe file provided by USDA was used to calculate the amount of fish in recipes which contain fish. The estimated consumption rates are based on the weight of fish in its prepared or as consumed condition. The estimated mean consumption rate for all fish for the U.S. population of the 48 conterminous states was 15.65 grams/person/day (C.I.:14.67–16.63) of which 4.71 grams/person/day (C.I.:4.17–5.25) was freshwater/estuarine fish and 10.94 grams/person/day (C.I.: 10.14–11.73) was marine fish.     

The Impact of Mega‐Catastrophes on Insurers: An Exposure‐Based Analysis of the U.S. Homeowners’ Insurance Market

Insurance is a key risk‐sharing mechanism that protects citizens and governments from the losses caused by natural catastrophes. Given the increase in the frequency and intensity of natural catastrophes over recent years, this article analyzes the performance effects of mega‐catastrophes for U.S. insurance firms using a measure of market expectations. Specifically, we analyze the share price losses of insurance firms in response to catastrophe events to ascertain whether mega‐catastrophes significantly damage the performance of insurers and whether different types of mega‐catastrophes have different impacts. The main message from our analysis is that the impact of mega‐catastrophes on insurers has not been too damaging. While the exact impact of catastrophes depends on the nature of the event and the degree of competition within the relevant insurance market (less competition allows insurers to recoup catastrophe losses through adjustments to premiums), our overall results suggest that U.S. insurance firms can adequately manage the risks and costs of mega‐catastrophes. From a public policy perspective, our results show that insurance provides a robust means of sharing catastrophe losses to help reduce the financial consequences of a catastrophe event.     

管理层持股比例与公司绩效关系的实证研究--基于中国上市公司的MBO

以我国上市公司中 25 家管理层收购企业为样本,就我国管理层收购与上市公司治理绩效的相关性进行了实证分析,建立了数学模型.研究结果显示,这 25 家管理层收购企业中公司绩效与管理层持股呈非线性的三次方程关系,即当管理层持股比例在 0～7.50% 的范围内,随着管理层持股比例的增加会提高上市公司经营绩效;当管理层持股比例在 7.50%～33.35% 之间时,管理层持股比例的增加会导致管理层对外部股东的利益侵占,增加公司的代理成本,从而表现为上市公司经营绩效与管理层持股比例负相关;而在管理层持股比例大于 33.35% 的情况下,持股比例的增加又会刺激管理者的经营行为,进一步提高上市公司的整体绩效.这一结果证明我国上市公司中实施管理层收购的企业管理层持股与公司绩效呈非单一性关系,对于我国有效地开展上市公司治理、合理地实施管理层收购具有借鉴和指导意义.     

IT Governance Characteristics,Electronic Medical Records Sophistication,and Financial Performance in U.S. Hospitals: An Empirical Investigation

As a result of a recent federal government mandate, an increasing number of hospitals have decided to adopt electronic medical record (EMR) systems. This initiative is expected to lead toward more efficient and higher quality health care; however, little is known about governance characteristics and organizational performance for EMR adopters. Our goal is to inform theory and practice by examining hospitals with a sophisticated EMR and comparing those hospitals to similar hospitals (with a less sophisticated EMR) to understand the association between information technology (IT) governance characteristics and the implications on financial performance. Leveraging elements of the upper echelon theory, we posit that hospitals in which the chief information officer (CIO) reports to the chief executive officer, CIO turnover is low, and an IT steering committee is present are more likely to have a sophisticated EMR. We argue that EMR sophistication leads to improved financial performance. Our results underscore the importance of continuity in the CIO position on successful EMR implementations. Results also show that hospital size and financial performance are strongly associated with EMR sophistication. In addition, we find that a sophisticated EMR appears to be a fundamental element in improving hospitals’ revenue cycle management. Moreover, we find that hospitals with a sophisticated EMR appear to be more profitable. Finally, we observe that total payroll expense adjusted by total discharges drops among the sophisticated hospitals, potentially due to an increase in employee productivity. These insights can serve as a basis for tempering expectations relative to the financial impact of EMR adoption.     

美国对中国反倾销的贸易效应:基于木制卧室家具的实证分析

本文探究了美国对中国木制卧室家具反倾销的贸易效应,研究发现:(1)美国对中国木制卧室家具反倾销产生了贸易调查效应,课征反倾销税对美国该行业进口产生了显著的贸易限制效应,实施反倾销措施引致了美国进口向越南、马来西亚和印度尼西亚转移,并促使中国木制卧室家具出口发生国家间贸易转移,特别是家具产品间贸易转移。(2)美国对中国木制卧室家具反倾销引致了价格上升效应。外国直接投资旨在跨越反倾销税壁垒,但增强了企业之间的竞争,由此减少甚至逆转美国反倾销政策的保护作用。美国对中国WBF反倾销已导致部分外资家具企业开始向第三国转移投资。本文建议中国商务部可引导建立行业预警机制,鼓励WBF企业加强研发和设计创新,被控企业应积极应诉,谋求市场导向行业地位;鼓励和支持中国WBF企业开拓国际市场,努力实现出口市场多元化。     

在线声誉水平对消费者关注度的影响：对大众点评的实证分析

在线声誉水平代表了消费者对产品的态度,体现了商家的经营绩效。在线声誉水平如何影响消费者的关注度,能否为商家有效吸引顾客？针对这些问题,本文利用大众点评网数据,以星级水平衡量商家的在线声誉水平,以点击量衡量消费者的关注度,构建研究模型,发现在线声誉水平与消费者关注度的影响呈倒U型关系。对于这种影响关系,本文用羊群效应分析了消费者的跟随行为,群体中的理性羊群效应占据主导后,声誉的持续提升对消费者关注度产生了抑制作用。同时,餐厅的产品属性和店铺属性在其中具有调节作用。该研究结论对于消费者和商家的决策都具有参考价值。     

基于扩展广义随机时间Petri网的流程银行建模及等价性能分析

对业务流程进行建模和性能分析是流程银行研究的重要课题.通过对广义随机时间Petri网进行扩展,将其用于对流程银行的业务流程建模.同时,基于活动执行时间为正态分布的假设,给出了4种流程元模式的等价性能分析方法.在此基础上,进一步把活动执行时间扩展到任意分布的情况,给出了通用的等价性能分析方法.     

An integrated lean and green approach for improving sustainability performance: a case study of a packaging manufacturing SME in the U.K.

Abstract

Competitive landscape, informed consumers and stringent regulations have forced many manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to focus on operational efficiency along with sustainability issues in recent years. While many manufacturing organisations have been taking lean initiatives for the past few years for operational excellence, an impulsive rush to adopt lean without a strategic deployment vision has led to scattered implementation of lean tools and projects without desired success. Many researchers and practitioners prescribe value stream mapping as a foundation for lean transformation initiatives; however, little empirical work is available on the symbiosis of lean and green paradigms to reap maximum benefits. This research, through a systematic methodology and a novel tool called Green Integrated Value Stream Mapping (GIVSM), integrates both paradigms in a case study on a U.K. packaging-manufacturing SME. Applying the GIVSM demonstrates that simultaneous deployment of lean and green paradigms have synergistic effect for improving both operational efficiency and environmental performance. In addition, continuous improvement framework with sustainable procurement is proposed to overcome the lean-green misalignments. This study also provides a guiding reference for practitioners to undertake similar improvement projects and identifies opportunities to expand this academic research on integrated lean-green approach into other industry sectors.     

FDI、OFDI与中国绿色全要素生产率——基于空间计量模型的分析

面对错综复杂的国际形势、艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务特别是新冠肺炎疫情的严重冲击,有必要从宏观层面研究FDI与OFDI在影响中国GTFP时是否存在协同效应,以突出国际化问题研究的整体性、系统性和关联性。本文选取中国对外直接投资和外商直接投资的宏观统计数据,在设置四种空间权重矩阵的基础上,利用空间计量模型系统分析了FDI、OFDI及其交互项对中国GTFP的影响。结果发现,FDI对中国GTFP的影响在统计上并不显著;OFDI对中国GTFP具有一定的促进作用;忽略中国GTFP动态效应的影响时,FDI与OFDI仅在人力资本矩阵假设下存在促进中国GTFP的协同效应;考虑中国GTFP动态效应的影响时,FDI与OFDI在促进中国GTFP上存在地理属性的协同效应。本文的研究对于“引进来”与“走出去”国际化战略的实施,以及促进形成国际国内双循环的新发展格局,都有重要的战略意义和实践价值。     

媒体关注下的CSR信息披露与企业财务绩效关系研究及启示——基于我国A股上市公司CSR报告的实证研究

企业社会责任(CSR)及信息披露已成为当前社会各界共同关注的热点问题。本文利用独立机构发布的我国A股上市公司CSR报告的评级数据,验证了当前时代背景下我国企业社会责任信息披露与企业财务绩效的关系,以及作为信息传递媒介和公众日程设置者的媒体的关注对于二者关系的影响作用。研究发现,高水平披露社会责任信息的企业的绩效明显高于低水平企业,但是这种作用关系是在媒体关注度这一变量的完全中介作用之下实现的。这一新发现不仅丰富和拓展了企业社会责任及信息披露的理论研究框架,对于基于战略性CSR思维制定相关战略的企业管理者也深具启发意义。     

The Impact of Process Variation on Customer Dissatisfaction: Evidence from the U.S. Domestic Airline Industry

This paper investigates how process variation reduction affects customer dissatisfaction in the context of the U.S. domestic airline industry. We use quarterly data on all major carriers, available since the introduction of required reporting of service indicators to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Specifically, we investigate how both average performance and variation performance (consistency) of certain processes affect customer dissatisfaction. Our empirical results show that the relationship between process variation and customer dissatisfaction is contingent upon a company's average performance with regard to each process. Consistency is at least as important as average performance for high performers, while it has limited impact for low performers.     

企业家社会资本与公司绩效关系研究——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

本文从企业家关系网络特征和网络资源动员能力两个维度界定企业家社会资本,并将此概念操作化为四个指标.基于332家中国制造业上市公司样本的实证研究结果发现,企业家的纵向关系网络和政治身份对公司短期绩效具有显著的负面影响,这与部分实证结果一致.主要由于中国市场化取得了巨大进展从而削弱了企业对政府的依赖和社会资本功效的滞后性所致.同时,我们没有发现企业家的横向关系网络对公司绩效具有显著影响,而企业家的声誉则表现出对公司绩效的正面提升作用,尤其是在提高企业绩效质量方面.企业家个人特质也表现出对公司绩效的显著正面影响.     

投资者法律保护与公司上市后长期业绩表现--基于法和金融理论的实证分析

公司上市后长期业绩不佳是世界范围内的一个"异象",主流的理论解释集中在信息不对称和利益冲突两个问题上,可见投资者保护的增强有利于缓解这种"异象".为此,本文基于法和金融理论,以1991-200O年在上海证券交易所上市的公司为样本,实证检验了我国中小投资者法律保护发展对公司上市后长期业绩的影响.研究结果表明,随着我国中小投资者法律保护的发展,公司上市后长期业绩表现不佳的"异象"有所缓解.     

创业投资利益分割模型研究:基于创业企业家视角的分析

创业企业对创业企业家的激励是否有效决定着创新的成败。为了研究创业投资中的利益分割问题,从创业过程的特征出发,本文首先分析创业企业家的角色特征,应用间接定价理论和交易效率比较,结合委托-代理模型,构造了基于对创业企业家间接定价的创业企业利益分割的两部动态规划模型,并进一步探讨了债权型和股权型利益分割合约的使用条件和创业企业管理团队的选择问题。研究表明:创业企业家和创业资本家的利益分割合约是基于两部动态规划的优化问题;债权型与股权型合约作为利益分割机制对于创业企业家和资本家的效用取决于各自对未来的预期;只有满足一定条件下,创业企业才倾向于选择能力较高的第三方团队充当企业管理者;在能力同等条件下,创业企业倾向于选择创业企业家充当创业企业的管理者。     

企业超常业绩成因试析--基于资源能力观的经济租金理论解释

本文运用基于资源能力观的经济租金理论,对企业超常业绩问题进行了分析和阐述.与竞争优势概念相比,经济租金能够更清晰地界定企业业绩,揭示企业间存在的业绩差异.不同类型的经济租金,可以说明企业超常业绩产生所凭借内外条件的独特性.依据经济租金理论,还可对如何保持企业超常业绩的可持续性提出改进建议.     

高新技术企业联盟导向、创业导向与企业绩效关系的实证研究

基于我国195家高新技术企业的问卷调查数据,实证分析了联盟导向和创业导向对企业绩效的影响,以及创业导向和环境动态性在联盟导向与企业绩效关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明:联盟导向和创业导向对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响;创业导向和市场动态性在联盟导向与企业绩效关系中起到正向调节作用;技术动态性在联盟导向与企业绩效的关系中起到负向调节作用。     

区域背景与企业绩效关系研究——基于中国52个城市工业制造企业的实证分析

在相关文献回顾的基础上,提出研究假设,并选择中国52个城市的规模以上工业制造企业为样本,分析了区域资源禀赋、产业要素、软环境和原产地品牌等因素对我国工业制造企业绩效的影响。研究发现,不同区域企业绩效之间存在显著的差异;区域生产要素、产业集中度、软环境和原产地品牌等因素对企业ROA、ROE、ROS会产生不同的影响。