Social Construction of Ethnic Identity and Conflict: The Cases of the Chechen and the Uighur

This paper examines and compares ethnic identities of the Chechen and the Uighur, and their relations with Russia and China, respectively. The Russian–Chechen relationship, which has seen centuries of intense hatred and intolerance, appears to be entering a period of peace and some acceptance. In contrast, the Chinese–Uighur relationship has been mostly begrudgingly stable for a century, but rising tensions in Xinjiang could spell disaster in the years to come. We argue that identities of the Chechen and the Uighur and their interactions and conflict with Russia and China are consequences of historical legacies and social, religious and political forces. Our research supports scholarly arguments that a strong sense of marginalization endured by Muslims and trauma and anger experienced by Chechen and Uighur Muslims all play major roles in the violence and terrorist behavior conducted by both the Chechen and Uighur.     

论党的散杂居民族理论政策成就及历史经验

建党90周年以来,散杂居民族理论政策在中国革命和社会主义建设中取得了显著的成就。如制定散杂居民族政策法规,保障散杂居少数民族的平等权利;扬弃"民族自决"与"联邦制",正确选择民族区域自治制度;将民族乡(镇、区)从民族区域自治制度中分离出来,实现马克思主义民族理论发展的新突破;确立与发展散杂居民族理论政策,丰富与创新了马克思主义民族理论;重视散杂居民族问题,推进散杂居民族工作,对建立新型的社会主义民族关系、构建和谐社会有着积极的作用。     

‘You are not born being racist,are you?’ Discussing racism with primary aged-children

Ethnic-racial socialisation is broadly described as processes by which both minority and majority children and young people learn about and negotiate racial, ethnic and cultural diversity. This article extends the existing ethnic-racial socialisation literature in three significant ways: (1) it explores ways children make sense of their experiences of racial and ethnic diversity and racism; (2) it considers ways children identify racism and make distinctions between racism and racialisation; and (3) it examines teacher and parent ethnic-racial socialisation messages about race, ethnicity and racism with children. This research is based on classroom observations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with teachers, parents and students aged 8–12?years attending four Australian metropolitan primary schools. The findings reveal that both teachers and parents tended to discuss racism reactively rather than proactively. The extent to which racism was discussed in classroom settings depended on: teachers’ personal and professional capability; awareness of racism and its perceived relevance based on student and community experiences; and whether they felt supported in the broader school and community context. For parents, key drivers for talking about racism were their children’s experiences and racial issues reported in the media. For both parents and teachers, a key issue in these discussions was determining whether something constituted either racism or racialisation. Strategies on how ethnic-racial socialisation within the school system can be improved are discussed.     

关于泥石流灾害的人类学研究——以云南省哀牢山泥石流为个案

本文通过对云南哀牢山泥石流的研究,认为自然灾害的发生和治理过程不是一个纯自然的过程,它与人类社会的行为和文化密切联系.灾害能够导致人类文化的变迁,而人类文化也能够回应灾害并形成应急机制和预防手段.灾害后果、救灾过程和预防方法能够改变村民的生活方式和居住条件,改变原来的族群关系,使人类重新思考人与自然环境的关系,反思乡村发展模式.     

多元文化教育的批判与反思

多元文化教育是体现或内化了“多元主义”价值观的文化教育。它倡导平等、差异、合作的思想和理念。它启迪我国民族教育对外与国际教育接轨,并实施多元文化课程来反映多元文化教育的价值观。多元文化主义及其教育是一种新的种族主义,并把复杂的社会问题简单化为文化问题,进而否认文化的先进性和落后性之分,反映了它的僵死的文化观,因此对其必须进行批判,同时对一些观点和提法进行必要的反思。     

论族群交往与婚姻互动——贺州族群问题研究

生产力发展是交往的基础.民族平等和经济进步是族群婚姻互动的前提.文章运用交往与民族融合的理论,分析贺州各民族、族群交往及婚姻互动的演变过程.认为族群交往与婚姻互动是由族群内部产生的、源于族群本身内力推动的、自然的、自觉的演进过程.这个过程,离不开中国共产党的民族平等政策和地方各级党政干部的正确引导、推动.族群关系融洽,离不开交往与接触,而婚姻互动又是交往与接触的必然结果.这一结果反过来促进各民族、族群间的融合.     

Regimes of Mobility Across the Globe

Mobility studies emerged from a postmodern moment in which global ‘flows’ of capital, people and objects were increasingly noted and celebrated. Within this new scholarship, categories of migrancy are all seen through the same analytical lens. This article and Regimes of Mobility: Imaginaries and Relationalities of Power, the special issue of JEMS it introduces, build on, as well as critique, past and present studies of mobility. In so doing, this issue challenges conceptual orientations built on binaries of difference that have impeded analyses of the interrelationship between mobility and stasis. These include methodological nationalism, which counterpoises concepts of internal and international movement and native and foreigner, and consequently normalises stasis. Instead, the issue offers a regimes of mobility framework that addresses the relationships between mobility and immobility, localisation and transnational connection, experiences and imaginaries of migration, and rootedness and cosmopolitan openness. The introduction highlights how, within this framework and its emphasis on social fields of differential power, the contributors to this collection ethnographically explore the disparities, inequalities, racialised representations and national mythscapes that facilitate and legitimate differential mobility and fixity. Although the authors examine nation-state building processes, their analysis is not confined by national boundaries.     

对新形势下民族院校思想政治工作的思考

随着时代的发展和社会的前进,民族院校与其它高校一样,思想政治工作出现新情况、新问题,面临许多新挑战。新形势下,思想政治工作必须增强时代感,提高认识,从思想、内容、方法手段、机制上予以创新,为培养四有人才,为高校改革、发展提供更好的服务和保证作用。     

Nevertheless,They Persist: American and European Muslim Immigrants in the Era of Trump

This paper reviews the consequences of Donald J. Trump’s anti-Muslim rhetoric and policies vis-à-vis his travel ban on Muslim immigration experiences. The paper looks at the impact of Trump’s and like-minded European leaders’ Islamophobic rhetoric and policies on dominant cultures, public policies, and assimilation of Muslims in the U.S. and in Europe. The review correlates said rhetoric and policies with public attitudes about Muslims, the rise of hate crimes and violence against Muslims, public policy changes, and assimilation (including civic engagement) of Muslims. The paper contrasts the differences in attitudes and responses of Muslim and non-Muslim communities in the U.S. and Europe. It concludes that U.S. and European Muslims retain overall positive attitudes about their new home countries and institutions and are politically engaged against the rise of anti-Muslim xenophobia, which varies between America and Europe, based on their respective histories, cultures and economies.     

地域文化与国家政治融合互动——以柳宗元神灵形象与文教圣贤形象的建构为例

在传统中国的复杂社会系统中,地域文化与国家政治的融合互动奠定了地方社会与国家政治运行的基础。二者的双向融合互动,主要是以地方社会的主动参与为主,使地域文化与国家政治贯通起来,并随国家意识形态需要不断创新,保障了社会机制内部的脉络畅通。实际上,这种融合互动代表了传统中国社会"文化政治"的一般性运作机制。本文从柳宗元神灵形象与文教圣贤形象建构的视角出发,长时段考察地方社会与国家政治间存在的民间化--升华的双向融合互动,从下而上地对中国政治文化传统予以上溯,管窥其中蕴含的传统政治智慧与社会运作机制,以期为完善当前的社会治理体制机制提供一些借鉴。     

高校“两课”教育教学中实践环节存在的问题与对策

近年来,国内各高校在“两课”实践教学方面进行了许多有益的探索,但还存在经费紧张、教师的综合素质有待进一步提高、高校各职能部门与“两课”教师之间缺少交流、“两课”实践教学的组织实施与保障机制不够完善以及缺乏稳固的“两课”教育教学实践基地等问题。本文认为,切实保证“两课”实践教学环节的落实并发挥其应有的功效,高校要端正办学思想,转变教育观念。学校领导要高度重视“两课”教育教学,建立高效率的“两课”实践教学领导体制及较为完善的“两课”实践教学管理体制,优化整合实践教学资源,加大对“两课”建设的投资力度,建立稳固的“两课”教育教学实践基地。     

新冠疫情防控与中华民族共同体意识的提升路径

2019年至2020年初出现的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情是人类历史上的一次重大公共卫生突发事件,对我国经济社会发展也造成了重要影响。在这场"大灾大难"面前和持久的防疫、抗疫、战疫实践中,全国各族人民、港澳台同胞和海外侨胞的中华民族共同体意识和中华文化认同意识得到增强,中华民族凝聚力在中华传统文化和新媒体、自媒体和融媒体的作用下辐射汇聚,形成合力,使得中华民族向心力、聚合力、凝聚力达到了新的历史高度。党和国家在这场防疫、抗疫、战疫和构建人类命运共同体、营造健康和美世界的实践中向全世界提供了"中国声音""中国智慧"和"中国方案",彰显了中华民族传统美德和时代强音,为民族精神的时代性和时代精神的民族特征赋予了全球化时代的新内涵。     

Multilevel Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Among African,Asian, and Latina Immigrant and Refugee Women: Perceptions of Effective Safety Planning Interventions

Immigrant and refugee women are at high risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and intimate partner homicide (IPH). Given the growing number of immigrants and refugees in the US and the concerns about IPV and IPH among immigrant and refugee groups, this paper aims to identify survivors and practitioners’ perceptions of (a) common and culturally specific risk and protective factors for IPV and IPH for immigrant and refugee women and (b) areas of safety planning interventions for survivors who are at risk for severe or lethal violence by an intimate partner. Qualitative data for this multi-site study were collected from women and practitioners residing in seven geographically diverse US locations. Eighty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with adult immigrant and refugee survivors of IPV, who identified as Asian (n?=?30), Latina (n?=?30), and African (n?=?23). Additionally, nine focus groups and five key informant interviews were conducted with practitioners (n?=?62) who serve immigrant and refugee survivors of IPV. Results revealed multilevel risk and protective factors for IPV/IPH found at the societal level (e.g., patriarchal cultural norms), relationship level (e.g., partner abusive behaviors), and individual level (e.g., acculturation in the US). These findings can inform the development of culturally responsive risk assessment and safety planning interventions across legal, social service, and healthcare settings.     

试论回族的婚姻伦理观及其近代变革

以《古兰经》和"圣训"为基本精神的伊斯兰教的婚姻伦理观,是指导穆斯林婚姻的行为准则和规范,在伊斯兰教的日常生活和实践中占有重要地位。回族的婚姻伦理观受伊斯兰教的直接影响和中国儒教的间接融合,呈现丰富多彩的内容和价值。尤其是近代以来,随着社会的变革,回族的婚姻伦理观也在发生着变迁,逐渐趋于成熟和理性。     

西方伊斯兰人类学的理论发展——回顾与前瞻

本文回顾有关近代西方伊斯兰人类学发展的理论争议和前瞻以及当今最前沿的研究动向。在有关理论争议上,本文简介和评议过去几个主要的研究伊斯兰社会和文化的人类学观点,其中包括理解伊斯兰为社会符号、伊斯兰为受访者的主观演绎、伊斯兰为高等文化和民间信仰的钟摆现象、伊斯兰为独特的宗教传统、伊斯兰为殖民主义的建构等。另外,本文亦展望西方伊斯兰人类学的发展,如当代伊斯兰研究已逐渐朝跨科际的方向发展,消除已往人类学与社会科学对立的学术鸿沟。最后,本文指出在后现代、后殖民和全球化的急速社会转型下,当代西方伊斯兰人类学已从单一的地域研究转向多面向的跨科际、跨地域研究,惟有这种学术转向,一些新兴和复杂的课题（例如:跨国伊斯兰运动、伊斯兰与传媒）才能在多角度下被诠释。     

普安彝族"十二营"考

本文结合彝、汉文献 ,对明代贵州普安彝族“十二营”进行了分析研究 ,认为“营”是彝族的一种社会组织 ,源于历史上的宗法制度和家支制度 ,是血缘关系和地缘关系相结合的产物 ,具有政权和族权、军事和行政合二为一的特点。文章还对“十二营”的渊源、职能和位置进行了考证     

坚持和完善民族区域自治与民族地区和谐社会的构建

本文认为,在当前构建民族地区和谐社会的新形势下,要实现民族地区民主法制的和谐社会,必须进一步坚持和完善民族区域自治。本文从民族区域自治的含义及基本特点出发,重点阐述了民族区域自治对构建民族地区民主法制的和谐社会的必要性和重要性,以及当前的主要任务和措施。     

藏族祝赞词

从古至今,藏族民众在喜庆的集会上祝颂,在生和死的仪式上祝颂,在出征打仗时祝颂,在凯旋归来时祝颂……祝赞词广泛地存在于藏族社会生活的各个方面,是藏族人民在长期的生产中创造的富有高原特色的精神财富。藏族祝赞词与藏民族信仰、民俗、仪式、节日等关系密切。随着时代的变迁和文化的发展,藏族祝赞词的内容越来越丰富,形式越来越简捷。祝赞词的吟诵表达了藏族人民乃至全人类的共同心愿:希望生活幸福美满,万事吉祥。     

论邓小平民族法制思想

邓小平民族法制思想,是其民主与法制思想的重要组成部分。民族法制建设是我国社会主义民主和法制的重要组成部分,是协调我国民族关系,搞好民族工作,促进民族发展的重要途径和重要手段。研究邓小平民族法制思想,对于依法治国、全面建设小康社会,具有重要理论意义和现实意义。即:确立了民族平等的民族法制基本原则;促进了我国民族区域自治制度的建立、发展和完善;丰富和发展了民族区域自治的现实内涵。