困境儿童共情能力与领悟社会支持的相关性

调查困境儿童共情及领悟社会支持现状,探讨共情与领悟社会支持的关系。使用问卷对479名困境儿童进行调查。困境儿童IRI-C总分为38.3±11.9分,PSSS总分为54.4±13.0分,IRI-C总分、观点采择与PSSS总分、家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持呈正相关(r=0.10-0.33,p<0.05),观点采择得分能正向预测PSSS总分(β=0.33,p<0.001)。困境儿童共情水平和领悟社会支持水平较低,观点采择可正向预测领悟社会支持水平。     

童年留守经历对大学生人格特质及人际交往的影响

目的:探讨童年留守经历对农村生源大学生人格特质及人际交往的影响。方法:采用大学生人格、人际关系综合诊断量表及自编问卷对湖南省2所高校2703名有农村留守经历的大学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果:有留守经历的A类人格学生在“人际关系综合诊断量表”上的得分均显著高于无留守经历的A类人格学生(12.50±8.29);有留守经历的A类人格学生在“UPI问卷”上的得分均显著高于无留守经历的A类人格学生(28.32±7.20);男大学生在“人际关系综合诊断量表”上的得分均显著高于女大学生(12.25±5.46)。     

青年员工创业行为中社会资本与创业能力研究

对中小型创业企业青年员工的调查发现,社会资本正向显著影响青年员工创业能力,各维度指标的作用效应大小不同,创业资源拥有量特别是非正式资源拥有量作用突出。资源运用能力正向调节社会资本对创业能力的驱动过程,并对反映社会资本影响创业能力的过程起到明显的促进作用,表明了"社会资本—创业能力"这一创业行为驱动过程中的内在作用机理,即青年员工的"资源运用能力"会在这一过程中发挥正向调节功能。     

“95后”女大学生人际适应现状调查研究

研究采用问卷调查法探讨"95后"女大学生人际适应的现状。通过对湖南省长沙市3所高校540名女大学生的调查,结果发现:女大学生人际适应性总体情况较好,呈现正向趋势;女大学生人际适应得分在学科、年级、学历层次、生源地、是否独生子女、家庭教育方式、不同待人接物方式上存在差异;学校心理健康教育机构和辅导员应根据女大学生的性别特点和情感需要,对人际交往能力方面处于弱势的女生开展针对性的心理辅导。     

合作中成长：合作学习对大学生社会情感能力发展的影响机制

合作学习是当前高校教学中的重要形式,合作学习中生生间的互动对大学生的社会情感能力发展起到重要作用。为探究合作学习对大学生社会情感能力发展的影响机制,并考察其中社会支持的中介作用,本研究对582名在读大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现：合作学习、社会支持和社会情感能力发展呈两两正相关,且合作学习和社会支持均可正向预测社会情感能力;社会支持在社会情感能力与学习参与度间起部分中介作用。研究建议,应注重合作学习中交流形式的多样化、注意合作小组内部的异质性。     

现实资本与期望薪资:沪台大学生比较研究

基于对上海和台湾地区在校大学生对象的调查数据,从"家庭资本"和"个人资本"两个维度探讨了现实资本与大学生期望薪资的关系以及不同资本因素对不同社会背景大学生期望薪资的影响作用。研究结果发现,家庭资本和个人资本共同对大学生期望薪资产生影响,但在沪台两地呈现影响因素差异和作用方向差异;个人人力资本对台湾地区大学生期望薪资的影响更为显著,而家庭资本对上海大学生期望薪资的影响更为显著。     

家庭社会资本对大学生农村就业意愿的影响

家庭是影响大学生农村就业的一个重要因素,因而家庭社会资本与大学生农村就业行为有密切的关系。家庭社会资本对大学生去农村的就业意愿、最低工资价位和职业选择的影响显著。母亲的受教育程度、家庭年收入越高,大学生去农村的就业意愿越高,大学生去农村的最低心理工资价位越高;父母的受教育程度越高,大学生去农村更愿意选择从政。     

大学生睡眠质量与人际交往焦虑的相关研究

目的：探讨大学生睡眠质量与人际交往焦虑的相关情况。方法：随机抽取四个年级文理科学生共200人为施测对象进行问卷调查，以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和交往焦虑量表为测试工具。结果：样本的平均焦虑水平高于总体水平，男女生人际交往焦虑差异显著（t=39.1±6.753/43.65±8.885；p<0.05），文理科焦虑差异显著（p<0.05），不同年级间差异不显著。睡眠质量各维度、总分与IAS总分存在显著性正相关（p<0.05）。结论：大学生的睡眠质量与人际交往焦虑相关显著。     

大学生学习适应影响因素研究

目的:探讨大学生学习适应能力与家庭环境和人格的关系。方法:使用大学生学习适应问卷、家庭环境量表以及EPQ,对选取的河北联合大学大学生3246人进行问卷调查。结果:大学生学习适应能力与家庭环境中的亲密度、知识性、娱乐性三个维度呈正相关(r=0.052~0.309,P<0.05),与家庭环境中的矛盾性呈负相关(r=-0.128~-0.052,P<0.05)。大学生学习适应能力与EPQ中的内外倾呈正相关(r=0.121~0.369,P<0.05),与EPQ中的神经质和精神质呈负相关(r=-0.417~-0.199,P<0.05)。家庭环境的知识性、娱乐性、矛盾性和亲密度以及EPQ中的神经质、精神质和内外倾均进入了回归方程(R2=0.380)。结论:家庭环境的知识性、娱乐性、矛盾性和亲密度以及EPQ中的神经质、精神质和内外倾影响学习适应能力,并对学习适应有显著的预测作用。     

大学生网络游戏成瘾与家庭教养方式的关系

探讨大学生网络游戏成瘾与家庭教养方式的关系。方法:采用网络游戏成瘾诊断问卷和家庭教养方式评价量表对齐齐哈尔市两所高校300名学生进行调查。结果:受试者216名对象中有119名(55.09%)学生处于轻度网络游戏沉迷状态,62名(28.70%)处于中度网络游戏沉迷状态,27名(12.50%)处于重度网络游戏沉迷状态,8名(3.70%)处于网络游戏成瘾状态;轻度网络游戏沉迷在性别上存在极其显著差异(P<0.01);父母亲的惩罚严厉和拒绝否认因子在性别上存在差异显著(P<0.01);母亲的情感温暖理解因子在家庭所在地上存在显著差异(P<0.05);父母家庭教养方式中除情感温暖理解因子外均与不同程度的网络游戏成瘾均存在统计学相关。结论:父母教养方式对大学生网络游戏成瘾有重要影响。     

Recreating Social Capital

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the establishment of a pilot neighbourhood-based intergenerational programme and its evaluation in one town in England. It sets this in both the context of English inter-generational programmes involving schools and of English social policy. The latter is currently influenced by Putnam's concept of social capital. It argues that intergenerational programmes of all kinds are likely to be useful contributions to the development of social capital. The paper reports how the evaluation of the pilot has lead to the refinement of the original model. The pilot highlighted the need for more systematic measures of the process and outcomes, including the project's contribution to development of social capital. The revised model is being implemented in a number of contrasting neighbourhoods and will be evaluated in both outcome and process terms. These developments will be reported in further articles.     

Social Capital and the Human Psyche: Why Is Social Life "Capital"?

In this article, we propose a revised definition of social capital, premised on the principles of evolutionary psychology. We define social capital as any feature of a social relationship that, directly or indirectly, confers reproductive benefits to a participant in that relationship. This definition grounds the construct of social capital in human nature by providing a basis for inferring the underlying motivations that humans may have in common, rather than leaving the matter of what humans use capital for unspoken. Discussions and empirical reviews are presented on the innateness of human sociability, sex differences in sociability, and psychological mechanisms that mediate sociability .     

Social Capital Put to the Test

This article offers a critical review and mapping of theoretical elaborations of the social capital concept and of some of the key empirical projects which in their various ways have attempted to capture and measure social capital. In so doing, it maps the rise and rise of social capital within the social sciences and beyond. It then considers a range of hypotheses which have attempted to explain the ever increasing prominence and reach of the concept. To understand this reach, the article suggests that we must look beyond the theoretical, methodological and empirical technicalities of the social capital debates and cast our eyes to a fundamental rewriting and reworking of the social field.     

Social Capital Accessibility of Intermarrieds

Grounded in Bourdieu’s social capital theory, the study’s purpose was to investigate social capital accessibility of intermarrieds compared to intramarrieds. Using the 2001 Integrated Health Interview Series data, two generalized linear models with Poisson distribution and identity link were performed: Model 1 compared intermarrieds to intramarrieds; Model 2 compared specific types of intermarrieds to intramarrrieds. Model 1 indicated that intermarrieds had less accessibility to social capital than intramarrieds. Model 2 indicated that intermarrieds, particularly interracially marrieds, had less social capital accessibility than intramarrieds, although the influence was moderate. Social capital accessibility of the interethnically or internationally marrieds was not significantly different from that of intramarrieds. Findings provide partial support to previous research concerning a lack of social capital accessibility for intermarrieds.     

Comparing Conceptualizations of Social Capital

Social work is ideally suited to use social capital to understand societal ills and to conduct a more holistic exploration of power, privilege, and oppression that affects marginalized individuals and groups. To that end, we review how prominent theorists discuss social capital and offer guidance for community practitioners based on these conceptualizations. In opposition to purely micro-level theories of human behavior in the social environment that inadvertently separate micro and macro-level social work, social capital is particularly well suited to be employed at individual, family, community, and societal levels. Our position on the importance of social capital for social work practice is in congruence with social work perspective on the person-in-environment. Although we do not offer a social capital framework for community practice, we hope that our article informs community practitioners' understanding of the place and importance of social capital for communities.     

Getting the Goods on Social Capital1

Abstract This article presents an overview of the origins, development, rapid diffusion, and current usage of the concept of social capital in both the academic (research-oriented) and more applied (social policy) literature. Following a short quantitative survey of the appearance of the term in both theses and journals, various meanings of social capital are examined in the light of classical and contemporary sociological theory. Three main research approaches, which are based on the operationalization of social capital or its application as a heuristic device, are critically examined. These approaches are associated with the work ofJames Coleman, Pierre Bourdieu, and Robert Putnam, but there are also some references to the work of economists. The authors contend that, while social capital has value and appeal as a new term, basic theory needs greater development. In particular, attention should be paid to acknowledging the specific perspective on social capital that underlies its usage, the scale or level of analysis employed, and the value of a qualitative use of social capital.     

Gender and the Limits of Social Capital*

Dans cet article, l'auteure examine l'intensification de l'intérêt envers le concept de capital social dans la politique publique au Canada et considère que ce concept est assez prometteur, en même temps qu'il entraînera des problèmes considérables, pour les femmes. Elle explique les paramètres du concept de capital social et tente de l'approfondir à l'aide de questions féministes essentielles sur l'économie politique. Cette approche jette les bases de la tâche primordiale d'associer un sexe au capital social, de telle sorte que les résultats des politiques dans le contexte canadien n'augmentent pas le fardeau du travail social et de prestation de soins de groupes déjà surcharges. This paper considers the rise in Canadian public policy interest in the concept of social capital, and suggests that the concept holds some promise, along with considerable problems, for women. It elucidates the parameters of the concept of social capital and attempts to deepen it with critical feminist political economy questions. It begins the crucial task of gendering social capital so that policy outcomes in the Canadian context do not increase the burden of social and caring work onto already overburdened groups.     

Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty

ABSTRACT

Research indicates that concentrated neighborhood poverty has numerous detrimental effects on the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. The term “neighborhood effects” has been used to describe the interaction between socioeconomic disadvantage and social problems at the neighborhood level. Social capital theory, defined broadly as social networks characterized by trust and reciprocity represents one prominent explanation for the phenomenon of neighborhood effects. Within poor neighborhoods, it is theorized that socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood foster inadequate social capital and it is this low level of social capital that leads to the phenomenon of neighborhood effects. In order to explore the utility of social capital theory in explaining neighborhood effects, this paper argues for an ecologically-grounded model of social capital that allows for the different ways in which social capital operates within different types of neighborhoods. Implications for social work practice, policy and education are discussed.     

Social Capital and economic opportunities

Moving on from [Coleman, J.S., 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, London] and [Putnam, R.D., Leonardi, R., Nanetti, R.Y., 1993. Making Democracy Work Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, Chichester], an ever-growing literature claims that repeating trustful interactions in the economy do sediment in higher levels of generalized trust. This aggregate stock of trust is then named Social Capital and treated as an input in the aggregate production function, such as labour, physical capital, or human capital. In this paper we argue that in many instances there is no need for meta-concepts like Social Capital, as trust is often simply the outcome of profit maximization. Whilst approaches that refer to Social Capital ignore the set of economic opportunities, incentives and conflicts behind trust, in this article we propose a simple model to show that when these are taken into account, the roles of trust and Social Capital can be better defined and understood.