跨越民族、文化、宗教:1903-1922年美国医生史德文在康藏地区的活动与角色

美国基督会史德文(Albert L.Shelton)医生是近代康藏史与中美关系史上一位重要人物,然学界对其在康藏活动的研究甚不足.文章从文字与珍稀图像资料结合的视角,利用英汉史料及口述资料,对史德文作为医生、纠纷调停者、东西方文化桥梁、科技传播者、汉藏人民的朋友、汉藏文化交融的历史见证者等角色与活动作一梳理和探讨,以丰富地呈现历史.史德文在康藏的活动与角色不仅是历史研究中值得重视的史实,对思考如何在多元文化、宗教、民族社会中和睦相处、共生共荣等问题也具有学术和现实意义.     

凤全与巴塘事变

1905年发生在巴塘的驻藏帮办大臣凤全被戕事变,是康藏近代史上影响深远的一次重大事件.关于巴塘事变的起因、性质,过去多认为是"反洋教"、"反封建压迫",然而,巴塘事变实际上有着十分复杂的背景与原因.本文从事变发生的时代背景、社会背景探讨巴塘事变的起因,解析事变的始末和实质,并对凤全其人在事变中的作为进行历史的客观的评价.     

20世纪初美国传教士史德文在康区打箭炉的医疗活动

美国基督会医疗传教士阿尔伯特·史德文是将西医传入康区的重要人物,但目前国内学术界关于史德文如何进入康区及其在打箭炉活动的研究几乎为空白.本文根据相关英文回忆录和传记文本,结合其他文献,对其进入打箭炉及在打箭炉期间的医疗活动进行较为细致的考察,并探讨其对当地社会的影响.     

国民政府在第三次康藏纠纷中的治藏之策

民国时期的第三次康藏纠纷由国民政府主持调解,反映了国民政府对康区和西藏的统属关系。由于康藏纠纷的复杂性,国民政府在处理过程中的措施和原则,实际上是国民政府的治藏政策的综合反映。研究这一历史事件,有助于认识近代中国治理西藏的历史事实。     

努力与无力:1934年黄慕松入藏与蒋介石尝试解决西藏问题

1934年,蒋介石设法利用十三世达赖圆寂之机设法解决西藏地方与中央正常政治关系的恢复、康藏纠纷及班禅返藏三大问题.首先,他遴选黄慕松入藏致祭并借机解决西藏问题.接着,他确定了解决的基本政策与处理原则,其特点为在五族共和下赋予噶厦极大自主权力,国防与外交由中央政府负责.同时,他着手处理康藏纠纷,并与九世班禅协商其返藏事宜.黄慕松入藏期间,蒋介石指示黄努力协商.噶厦最终承认了西藏为中国领土不可分割的一部分,蒋介石的努力取得了一点成就.至于三大问题,蒋介石在当时中国主要面对日本入侵的情况下无力解决.     

交流与融合--关于巴塘汉族的个案分析

巴塘是四川藏区腹心地区一个藏族聚居县,隔金沙江与西藏相望.康熙五十八年(1719年)开始,汉族进入巴塘.这些汉族基本都与当地藏族妇女通婚.使汉藏民族结成了世代相依相辅,经济文化相互影响的血缘关系.特别是在巴塘地区,一半以上的藏族都是藏汉结合的后裔.这些人在生活中既保留了藏族的各种习惯,又继承了汉族的各种风俗.巴塘汉族在藏区的生存与发展,基本是在对当地文化的接纳、交流和融合中进行的.这也是在藏族聚居的腹心地区中,汉族居民的一般选择.     

钱召棠和他的《巴塘竹枝词》

19世纪40年代巴塘粮务钱召棠所撰<巴塘竹枝词>,多角度、多层面地摄取其时川西巴塘藏区社会生活的画面,揭露了巴塘地方遭受土司头人和寺院喇嘛的苛重剥削以及清中央治边吏治的腐败等等,反映了历史的真实,具有不容忽视的史料价值.这组咏藏诗作以源于民歌的竹枝词为载体,在艺术上也颇具魅力,体现清代咏藏竹枝词创作之繁荣.     

黄楙材《西■日记》所见西南社会各民族的交往交流交融

黄楙材于光绪四年（1878）七月从四川成都出发,经雅州至打箭炉、理塘、巴塘,后改道向南从中甸、丽江至大理、永昌,过缅甸至印度。此次游历前后历经两年时间,黄楙材沿途记录了所见所想,并绘制舆图配以说文撰成《西■日记》。从中不仅可以了解川西、滇西的各民族群体如藏族（喇嘛）、傣族（摆夷）、景颇族（野人）间的交往交流交融,也可以通过他们的现实生活状态,看到当时这一地区经济富庶、民族融洽、中缅互邻友好的社会特点。     

水以载史——从水利视角看巴塘城镇史

以水利为切入点,梳理地方社会史,是水利社会学的一项重要内容。从"治水"到"水利共同体",再到强调"水利区域社会",是水利社会学经历的大致脉络。藏区的水利研究在这方面尚属空白。甘孜藏族自治州的巴塘县境内不同的水利设施见证了不同群体的交往史,层累式的水利工程,不仅逐渐形成了巴塘城区的人文区位格局,也隐喻着巴塘地区的历史变迁。其中,文化的交流和融合也在发生,不同的民族群体,在水的流动之中,逐渐把边界模糊,形成了巴塘多民族和多元文化交汇的局面,这正是区域社会独有的历史发展路径。     

明清之际济宁"奇报"事件研探

崇祯末,运河名城济宁发生了一次因扩建清真寺引发的回汉纠纷.汉族当事人陈益修编造"奇报"故事,广为散布,以王士祯为代表的一些高位士人"轻信无稽,随手撰记",曾撰了若干文章,产生了一定的社会影响,这成为明清回汉关系史上一段重要的公案.本文依据基本史料,对事件本末作了缜密的考索,在力图澄清史实的基础上也作了必要的理论思考,对济宁回族史和相关历史问题提供了新的史料和思路,以备研究者参考.     

Education and national identity in a comparative context

A missing link in the voluminous chain of prior studies on Canadian versus American identity is a comparative analysis of the impact of social studies – especially civics – education on the construction of national identity in these two North American nation-states. This article analyzes curricular documents and secondary-level school textbooks to learn more about how social studies education contributes to constructing a sense of ‘being a Canadian’ versus ‘being an American’ north and south of the 49th parallel.     

African American faculty expressing concerns: breaking the silence at predominantly white research oriented universities

A Delphi method was used with a panel of 24 African American faculty employed at 43 predominantly white doctoral extensive universities to arrive at a group consensus on a list of concerns that African American faculty in general experienced or held. Using the Delphi method a panel of African American faculty initially worked from a list of eight concerns (i.e., lack of mentor; little guidance about the tenure and promotion process; social isolation and lack of collegiality; excessive and token committee assignments; research viewed as trivial and discounted; little guidance about the academic workplace; limited opportunities to participate in departmental and institutional decision making; and infrequent occasions to assume leadership positions) to the development of a list of 13 concerns after employing three rounds of the Delphi method. The implication from the expressing of these concerns is that universities have a portion of their faculty that are yet experiencing racism, subtle and even overt discrimination. This study serves as a clarion call that some universities are not being as successful at achieving diversity and inclusiveness as they declare or think.     

美国“肯定性行动”的历史沿革——从法律性文件的角度进行回顾与分析

本文通过对美国联邦最高法院有关"反向歧视"系列案件的判决等法律性文件的分析,将联邦政府的种族政策"肯定性行动"的历史沿革划分为"维权时期"、"优待时期"以及"平等时期",提出了"优待时期"只是临时过渡阶段,而"平等"才是最终的追求目标的观点.     

‘It was about claiming space’: exposure to Asian American studies,ethnic organization participation,and the negotiation of self among southeast Asian Americans

Despite the growing number of Asian American Studies (AAS) programs and Asian ethnic organizations across colleges and universities since the 1970s, surprisingly little empirical research examines the role of these aspects of higher education on Asian American identity. How do the roles of AAS curriculum and Asian American student organizations (Asian American activities) influence southeast Asian American college students’ ethnic and panethnic identity formation? Drawing on 50 in-depth interviews of 1.5 and second-generation college-educated Asian Americans, this study finds that the exposure to Asian American activities shapes respondents’ racial and ethnic identity construction. Specifically, the exposure to Asian American activities: (1) evokes an informed assertion of a contextual panethnic identity; (2) serves to trigger an assertion of a hyphenated American identity; and lastly, (3) plays a direct, but differing, instrumental role on identity construction among different Asian American sub-ethnic groups.     

浅议西藏卓卡寺藏经与敦煌《大般若经》的关系

藏经洞古藏文文献自20世纪初出土以来,学界普遍认为保存至今的吐蕃古藏文文献,除了金石铭刻、竹木简牍、伏藏文献外,只有敦煌藏文文献。然而随着近二三十年的调查研究,越来越多的发现表明,西藏仍有大量吐蕃古藏文文献,与藏经洞文献属同一时代;这些文献属佛教典籍,收藏地都是藏传佛教寺院;由此,这批吐蕃时期的古藏文文献的收藏地就成了今天西藏的“藏经洞”。文章就西藏卓卡寺藏《大般若经》与藏经洞出土钟经的关系作了初步探讨。     

West African Islam in Colonial and Antebellum South Carolina

Over the last 20 years, scholars have begun to critically investigate the historical presence of enslaved African Muslims in the Americas, including the United States. Studies are typically broad in scope. Meanwhile, the vast body of scholarship on American slavery produced by non-Islamicists has generally disregarded or overlooked the retention of Muslim practices or beliefs among slaves. This study examines the presence of West African Muslims in colonial and antebellum South Carolina, particularly among the rice plantations in the coastal regions of the state, part of the Gullah-Geechee Corridor. At the same time, it looks at these Muslim slaves in the distinctive historical context of West African Islam, specifically Malikite Sunnism and Sufism. In doing so, this study further documents the significant Muslim presence in colonial and antebellum America, specifically South Carolina, while arguing for the need to re-examine prevailing conclusions about the origins of distinctive Gullah cultural practices and beliefs, such as the “Ring Shout” ritual once performed in Praise Houses.     

‘How I show up for Brown and Black students’: Asian American male mathematics teachers seeking solidarity

ABSTRACT

The ratio of Asian American teachers to Asian American students is the most disproportionate of all racial groups, where Asian American students are least likely to have an Asian American teacher. In addition, little research focuses on the experiences of Asian American teachers, particularly in connection with issues of racism. Using AsianCrit, internalized racism, and stereotype management, this study investigates how Asian American male mathematics teachers conceptualize their racial/ethnic and mathematics teacher identities given the prevalence of the Model Minority Myth. Using photovoice interviews, findings indicate that participants experienced internalized racism and engaged in stereotype management by distancing themselves from other Asian Americans, discussing their own difficulties in mathematics, and actively reaching out to form relationships with Black and Latinx students. We recommend supports for Asian American teachers and all teachers of color to build critical consciousness to reduce internalized racism and empower themselves and their students.     

回鹘文契约上的倒写文字

回鹘文契约中有倒写文字 ,常见于纸背。某些突厥语专家对此现象未予重视 ,因而在一些专门著作中对它们既不作标记 ,也不转写 ,在译文中往往被省略。其实 ,这些倒写文字是不能被忽视的 ,它们是回鹘文契约附言中的一部分 ,形式上它可以溯源于吐鲁番出土唐代汉文文书 ,内容上它反映着宋元时代内地经济生活中的一些规矩。回鹘文契约中倒写文字的形式与内容所表现出的年代的不一致性 ,正是回鹘文契约及回鹘人文化的一种特点。     

论民族法律文件的规范化和系统化

我国是一个多民族的社会主义国家,民族法律是构成我国社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分。我国民族法律的形式并不复杂,但各国家机关制定并颁布实施的规范性民族法律文件的数量却相当庞杂,涉及内容广泛。因此,开展规范性民族法律文件的规范化和系统化的研究、整理工作非常必要。文章依据法理学原理,结合我国民族立法的实际,对目前开展规范性民族法律文件规范化和系统化工作的必要性、内容、方式和方法及其意义进行了全面的探讨。     

《回部公牍》及其史料价值

<回部公牍>收录了民国前期340多件反映回族政治权益要求的书牍,对研究当时回族的国家观念、民族意识和参政要求具有重要的史料价值.