领导理论的演化和前沿进展

对1个世纪以来领导理论研究中的主要历史性成果进行梳理,将其发展脉络分为3个历史阶段进行述评:传统领导理论丛林时期、变革领导理论主导时期和四因素理论萌芽时期;强调每一个领导理论都是在特定背景下对领导实践的一种特定反映和解释,都为该理论的发展做出了重要的历史贡献,并不存在一个绝对的最佳领导模型;最后对领导理论的未来研究进行了展望。     

资本市场非线性理论研究综述与展望

资本市场种种“异象”的涌现和大量实证研究结果表明,有效市场假说和以之为基础的 现代资本市场理论体系与资本市场的实际情况存在着矛盾和冲突,在此背景下出现了一些研 究资本市场的非线性理论. 文章对分形、混沌、突变、行为金融学、协同市场假说等非线性理论 在资本市场的研究方法进行了论述,提出了当前它们存在的问题,并对资本市场非线性理论的 发展做出了展望     

和谐管理理论及其应用思考

激烈的组织生存竞争、复杂的组织管理问题都要求管理理论给出应对不确定性的、综合的、整体的策略,和谐管理理论应运而生.首先,介绍和谐管理理论的基本思想,即它是针对多变环境下复杂管理问题的解决学,它以"和谐主题"作为管理分析的基本出发点,以人与物的互动以及人与系统的自治性和能动性为前提,围绕"和谐主题",以"和则"与"谐则"的耦合互动来应对管理问题,提高组织绩效.其次,阐明理论的定位并探讨了理论的范式特征,进而提出了一种和谐管理理论的应用操作模式.最后,说明了和谐管理理论的现实应用价值在于提供一种宏观层次、动态发展的全局视野;促进对组织整体基于生成论哲学的复杂性思维;为解释复杂的管理现象提供操作意义上的规范模式;为复杂管理问题的处理提供系统的方法论体系和整合工具.     

道本管理“四主体论”:对管理主体与方式的系统反思——管理从控制到服务的转变

在社会科学领域中,如果理论的基础性假设存在问题,其后续的展开就可能将问题进一步放大。西方传统管理理论隐含着"管理者是管理的唯一主体,被管理者是管理的客体"的前提性假设,表现为管理主体对客体的单向指挥和控制。后来的参与式民主管理对此虽有修补,但本质并没有改变。由于剥夺了被管理者的主体性,导致了现实管理主客体间的恶性互动和双方主体性的扭曲和异化,并制造了管理中的一系列悖论。道本管理在认识和尊重主体性和管理规律的基础上,提出了管理"四主体论",对管理主体及其关系进行了重新认识和定位,破解了错误假设所导致的悖论,并通过机制设计实现了管理各主体之间良性关系的构筑,论证了管理从控制转向服务的必要。     

供应链企业合作机制与委托实现理论

本文建立和供应链企业合作机制与委托实现的理论模型框架,并对相关的合作机制和委托代理理论进行了具体阐述。本文研究对于企业之间的合作具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Prospect Theory and Limit Lines

Risk acceptance criteria in the form of limit lines are investigated in the context of prospect theory. This theory departs from utility theory in several respects, an important one being the use of weights other than probabilities in the evaluation of the expected impact of uncertain outcomes. Hypothetical functions reflecting certain attitudes toward consequences and rare events are developed and combined to produce several limit lines.     

深化企业环境理论研究的几个问题

立足中国实际,深入研究企业环境理论及分析方法,探索具有中国特色的管理理论,既是我国企业管理实践的急需,也是管理理论发展与创新的需要。企业环境理论伴随着管理理论产生和发展,它大体经历了封闭系统观、开放系统观2个时期和产生、发展(理论丛林)、尝试融合3个阶段。迄今为止,国内外对企业环境的研究存在着8个方面的缺陷。探索建立具有自身特色的企业环境理论体系,从而探索具有中国特色的管理理论,要着重从企业环境的研究对象、一般概念的定义、中国企业环境及企业与环境的关系特征、企业与环境的动态分析与调适方法等方面进行深化研究。     

Allocation and Pricing of Substitutable Goods: Theory and Algorithm

Motivated by the thriving market of online display advertising, we study a problem of allocating numerous types of goods among many agents who have concave valuations (capturing risk aversion) and heterogeneous substitution preferences across types of goods. The goal is both to provide a theory for optimal allocation of such goods, and to offer a scalable algorithm to compute the optimal allocation and the associated price vectors. Drawing on the economic concept of Pareto optimality, we develop an equilibrium pricing theory for heterogeneous substitutable goods that parallels the pricing theory for financial assets. We then develop a fast algorithm called SIMS (standardization‐and‐indicator‐matrix‐search). Extensive numerical simulations suggest that the SIMS algorithm is very scalable and is up to three magnitudes faster than well‐known alternative algorithms. Our theory and algorithm have important implications for the pricing and scheduling of online display advertisement and beyond.     

分布式认知理论及其在管理实践中的应用

介绍了一种新的认知理论--分布式认知理论.在分布式认知"信息发布-信息筛选判断-认知收敛"的系统流程中,重点论述了分布式认知的收敛机制,并根据决策中心所处的位置及决策特征提出了无中心式、弱中心式、强中心式3种收敛机制.结合一系列管理实践案例对比了3种收敛机制的作用.结果发现,合理运用不同类型的分布式认知收敛机制,能够有效提高民主管理、跨专业难题解决、竞争情报收集分析、公共管理等领域决策的准确性.     

Narrative, organizations and research

Given the rapid expansion of narrative approaches in management and organization theory in recent years, this paper investigates the contribution of this literature to the understanding of organizations and processes of organizing. The paper tells the story of the development of narrative approaches in organizational theory. Narrative's contribution to substantive areas of organization theory is evaluated. These developments are then reviewed in relation to an ongoing tension between story and science. We conclude by contemplating some of the criticisms, and the future, of narrative research.     

Risk Homeostasis Theory and Traffic Accident Data

The risk homeostasis theory posits, in essence, that a control mechanism analogous to the thermal homeostatic system in warm-blooded animals tends to keep risk per unit time constant, and, as a consequence, the number of traffic accidents per unit time of driving also tends to remain constant, essentially independent of changes in the traffic safety system. It is the purpose of the present research to examine the validity of this claim using a wide variety of traffic accident data. All the data examined are found to be incompatible with the risk homeostasis theory. The only specific field accident data offered in the literature to support the risk homeostasis theory are found to, in fact, refute the theory. The accident data provide evidence that a rich variety of user responses occur. While it is possible for users to collectively respond in such a way that safety benefits are completely cancelled, such a response is not particularly common; it is certainly not universally occurring, as suggested by the risk homeostasis theory. It is concluded that the risk homeostasis theory should be rejected because there is no convincing evidence supporting it and much evidence refuting it.     

Multi-level issues in evolutionary theory, organization science, and leadership

Multi-level issues are critical in the physical, social, and behavioral sciences. We articulate issues related to multiple levels of analysis in theory building and theory testing and explore them from evolutionary theory (ET) and organization science and leadership (OSL) perspectives. Specifically, analogous multi-level concepts and notions in ET and OSL are identified, aligned, and illustrated. Ideas from evolutionary psychology are included in the ET perspective, while notions from the varient approach are included in the OSL perspective. Several exemplars in OSL that incorporate ET and multi-level perspectives are presented. Numerous examples and lessons learned from ET and implications of multi-level issues and multiple levels of analysis for future theory building and theory testing in OSL are discussed as well.     

企业集团成长模式与上市国有企业多元化行为研究

鉴于我国企业集团历史背景的特殊性,主要以企业资源依存理论为基础,以集团公司为研究核心,选取2007～2009年在沪、深上市的国有企业以及国有企业集团作为研究样本,运用二项回归与多元回归分析等多种方法,对我国企业集团的集团公司成长模式与上市国有企业的多元化行为进行了理论与实证分析。研究结果表明,企业集团是我国国有企业的一种快速成长模式,其成长与企业多元化行为高度正相关;国家资源调配的政策导向对国有企业集团的战略导向和组织结构设计有重要影响,但企业集团的产品多元化程度与企业绩效不相关。     

Aligning Needs and Capacities to Boost Government Competitiveness

National competitiveness indices are often theoretical underdeveloped, limiting their engagement with academic literature. Because many are based on neoliberal ideology, a new approach is needed to incorporate governance and administration theory, and to enhance relevance to developing countries. This article introduces government competitiveness, a concept that recognizes overlooked factors like the role of social organizations, the use of diverse policy inputs and policy development processes, and the imperative to address human needs at all development stages. The conceptual foundation draws from systems theory, needs theory, and intervention stages theory to inform a comprehensive framework that bridges development scholarship and practice.

     

Political Corporate Social Responsibility: Reviewing Theories and Setting New Agendas

There has been rising interest in political corporate social responsibility (political CSR), defined as activities where CSR has an intended or unintended political impact, or where intended or unintended political impacts on CSR exist. Based on a survey and content analysis of 146 peer‐reviewed academic articles from 18 journals over the 14‐year period 2000–2013, this paper systematically reviews the existing applications of general theories (such as legitimacy theory, the resource‐based view and Habermasian political theory) within the political CSR literature. The survey indicates that the political CSR field is dominated by institutional theory and stakeholder theory, but future theory development needs to go beyond these theories in order to address a number of critical gaps. This review specifically points to several avenues for future political CSR research with regard to the individual level of analysis, domain integration and political CSR in multinational enterprises. The paper ends with a call for a new theory‐informed and pluralist research agenda on political CSR to integrate different perspectives and re‐examine the role of the state.     

经营能力、协调治理与企业绩效:基于中国数据的实证研究

在解释企业绩效差异性时,无论是委托代理理论还是能力理论都存在一定的片面性。而结合治理机制与经营能力以探讨企业的竞争力,可以为深入理解企业的性质和成长差异性提供更为丰富的解释。本文立足于企业家要素,以能力理论和委托代理理论为基础,并基于国内283份企业数据,从经营能力和协调治理机制的单因素、多因素以及它们的相互作用三个方面统计检验了企业绩效差异性的渊泉。本文的研究结果表明,当对经营能力、协调治理分别进行考察时,这些因素的不同指标都在一定程度上影响到企业的绩效;当对这些因素进行综合考察时,经营能力的贡献则明显高于治理因子的作用;经营能力与协调治理之间存在较弱的互补性,并且这种作用主要体现为改进市场潜力而不是投资净收益。     

战略管理研究现状与未来我国研究重要领域

在搜集整理和分析研究大量战略管理研究文献的基础上,本文按照战略管理的发展历程对战略管理相关理论进行了分析与评述.本文首先对战略管理理论演化过程中的四个学派的观点进行了分析与评述,然后分析了战略管理理论的发展趋势,并总结了当前研究的两个热点问题.     

The impact of life stage and societal culture on subordinate influence ethics: A study of Brazil,China, Germany,and the U.S.

In this paper, we investigate the effects of societal values and life stage on subordinate influence ethics. Based on the evolving crossvergence theory of macro-level predictors of values evolution, we demonstrate the applicability of crossvergence theory in the micro-level context. Furthermore, our study provides the first empirical multi-level analysis of influence ethics utilizing a multiple-country sample. Thus, we illustrate how the breath of crossvergence can be expanded to provide a multi-level theoretical foundation of values and behavior evolution across cultures. Specifically, we integrate micro-level life stage theory and macro-level societal culture theory to concurrently assess the contributions of each theory in explaining subordinate influence ethics across the diverse societies of Brazil, China, Germany and the U.S. Consistent with previous research, we found significant societal differences in influence ethics. However, we also found that life stage theory played a significant role in understanding influence ethics. Thus, our findings expand the crossvergence perspective on societal change, indicating that key micro-level predictors (e.g., life stage) should be included in cross-cultural research.     

通货紧缩、资产膨胀与货币政策——兼论当前中国的货币总量和货币结构问题

本文首先描述了中国通货紧缩与资产膨胀并存的金融怪现象,这是与传统理论相悖的;然后通过引入以资本市场为代表的虚拟经济部门将传统的货币数量论拓展为三部门的广义货币数量论,在新的模型框架下侧重从货币政策角度分析了通货紧缩与资产膨胀并存的生成机理。我们的分析表明:“中国悖论”是货币总量理论在偏松情况下货币结构严重失衡的产物,是货币结构失衡大于货币总量失衡的结果。优化货币结构是解决“中国悖论”的关键所在,中国货币政策应更多关注货币结构而不仅仅是货币总量问题。     

代理理论和乘务员理论的整合:论公司治理实践

代理理论和乘务员理论从不同研究角度,提出了各自的认知假设和相应的公司治理策略,它们在解决公司治理实践问题过程中并非对立,而是相容的。公司治理实践问题解决的关键是综合运用多种理论提出的解决方案以权变地指导实践,而不是把实践加以分解去机械地套用理论所提供的解决方案。据此,本文通过整合代理理论和乘务员理论,从全新视角论述了公司治理实践问题。