教育人力资本结构高级化促进经济增长了吗

问题提出 教育人力资本尤其高级教育人力资本是内生经济增长动力的重要源泉.以初级教育人力资本向高级教育人力资本演进为特征的教育人力资本结构高级化则能够加快经济增长动力转换,促使由依靠物质资本与低成本劳动力等要素投入驱动模式,转向以高级教育人力资本为核心的创新驱动模式,进而推动经济持续增长.但不同于发达经济体趋于完备与稳定...     

求职中的虚假招聘现象

1978年以来,我们国家进行了全方位的经济和社会改革,尤其是1992年以后,以邓小平南方讲话的公开发表为标志,我国进入了以市场机制占主导地位的转型期.在劳动力市场领域,自主性的职业流动、全员劳动合同制、双向选择等用工制度开始全面实行.从此,作为人们职业流动中介的劳动力市场、人才市场等日趋活跃,人力资源的配置由原先的计划分配向市场化方向发展.     

人力资本积累的转换与驱动

在我国现代化进程中,要实现跨越式发展,变人口压力为人力资源优势,必须重视人力资本积累的转换与驱动。人力资源虽然具有人力资本的属性,但使其成为资本的决定性因素并非数量而是质量。即通过人的体力和智力在后天的发展中不断提高,超越人力资源的物质性羁绊,形成与社会所需求的人才层次基本一致的结构性资源,才能成为经济社会发展的推动力量。这种转化在不同的经济发展阶段表现为人力资本存量的增加。在现代化起飞阶段,在以高科技为主要标志的现代经济条件下,实现人力资源向人力资本存量、人力资本存量再到人力资本质量的“双重转化”,即在人力资源开发中,同时兼顾人力资本存量的增加和人力资本质量的提高,教育肩负重要的使命。鉴于目前我国存在的人力资本存量与质量的矛盾,在驱动人力资本积累的过程中,大力发展职业技术教育才是明智的选择。     

中国农村人力资本流动对新农村建设的影响

农村劳动力流动过程中,较高素质的青壮年劳动力优先流出,而低素质的农村劳动力和贫困人口则留在农村和农业中,这就形成了农村劳动力数量丰富而人力资本缺乏的现象,农村人力资本的单向流失和净流失状态不利于社会主义新农村建设。在农村劳动力转移背景下,我们除了要研究剩余劳动力的转移问题外,也不能忽略怎样提高农村的人力资本整体水平。各级财政改变过去资源配置向城市倾斜的做法,加大对农民教育、农民培训和农村公共卫生等方面的投资,培育懂科学懂技术的新农民,积极发展县域经济,加快城镇化发展步伐等方法是提高农村人力资本含量,防止优秀人才过度外流的有效措施。     

农业产业化经营发展对农村回流劳动力就业的促进作用——基于成都和郑州两村的实证分析

当前中西部地区尚有大量农村剩余劳动力需要转移就业,外出劳动力回流使得农村劳动力的就业问题变得更加复杂,特别是如何解决那些年龄偏大、受教育程度较低、工作能力较弱的群体的就业更是面临艰巨挑战.农业产业化经营的发展不仅推动了农业生产的社会化分工的发展,而且拓展了就业途径,促进了就业的增加.农业产业化发展阶段性的特定要求与回流劳动力人力资本状况相适应,使得农业产业化经营创造的就业具有更低的人力资本再配置成本,提高和增加了回流劳动力的收益,对吸纳回流劳动力具有积极作用,是解决农村劳动力就业的有效途径.     

人力资本理论教育扶贫效果实证分析——基于陕西7地市18个贫困县教育扶贫效果调查

人力资本是与物质资本相对而存在的一种资本形式,教育是人力资本形成的主要途径,教育通过人力资本的形成而对经济增长产生连续的作用。教育扶贫属于脱贫致富的重要途径之一。由于教育扶贫效果间接且周期长、难于量化的特点,因而教育扶贫往往并不是政府确定经济社会发展路径的首选之策。对于生态环境脆弱、经济人文发展相对落后的地区来说,脱贫致富的路径选择是一个必须面对的现实问题。通过对陕西省宝鸡、咸阳、安康、汉中、商洛、渭南、榆林7地市18个国家级贫困县57个村四千多个农户问卷调查发现:陕西贫困山区教育扶贫效果处于"有功不明"的状态。教育扶贫具有推动人口由不发达地区向发达地区流动减轻当地环境承载压力、引起家庭收入来源结构发生变化、外出务工的工资同受教育程度成正相关关系、农户由单一的种粮转向种粮与经济作物相结合、人们生育观念发生变化等方面的功效。     

劳动力市场分割、职业流动与城市劳动者经济地位获得的二元路径模式(英文)

使用2009年中国社会网络与职业经历调查(JSNET2009)广州、上海、厦门、济南和西安五城市数据,检验了改革以后影响中国城市劳动者职业流动模式以及经济地位获得的因素。研究结果表明,高学历劳动者与低学历劳动者群体处于两个分割的劳动力市场中,他们的经济地位获得路径完全不同。对于低学历劳动者,职业流动是提升他们收入水平的最重要因素,而人力资本因素(受教育年限和工作经验)对他们的收入没有影响。高学历劳动者的情况刚好相反,职业流动对收入获得没有任何作用,影响他们收入分层的最重要因素是人力资本。本研究揭示了转型期中国城市地区不同劳动力市场劳动者的经济地位获得的二元路径模式。     

Labor Market Segmentation,Job Mobility and the Two-track Model of Chinese Urban Workers＇ Acquisition of Economic Status

使用“2009年中国社会网络与职业经历调查”（JSNET2009）广州、上海、厦门、济南和西安五城市数据,检验了改革以后影响中国城市劳动者职业流动模式以及经济地位获得的因素。研究结果表明,高学历劳动者与低学历劳动者群体处于两个分割的劳动力市场中,他们的经济地位获得路径完全不同。对于低学历劳动者,职业流动是提升他们收入水平的最重要因素,而人力资本因素（受教育年限和工作经验）对他们的收入没有影响。高学历劳动者的情况刚好相反,职业流动对收入获得没有任何作用,影响他们收入分层的最重要因素是人力资本。本研究揭示了转型期中国城市地区不同劳动力市场劳动者的经济地位获得的二元路径模式。     

新生代农民工人力资本投资策略探析

随着90后农村劳动力转移进入就业市场,新生代农民工成为新兴产业工人的主力军。提升新生代农民工人力资本存量,不仅是改善他们生活状况、促进社会融入的主要渠道,是建设人力资源强国的根本要求,也是提升国家产业竞争力,推进城镇化、农业现代化进程的现实需求。当前,对新生代农民工人力资本投资存在社会动力不足、思想文化投资不平衡、人力资本双向流动渠道不畅等问题,需要通过构建组织机构与投入保障体系、建立新型的投资运行机制、加强文化与发展取向的引导、培养企业家精神、建立市场化的人力资本流动机制等路径,来促进新生代农民工人力资本持续增值,以推进人力资源强国战略。     

论人力资本投资与健康城市建设

从人力资本投资角度研究健康城市建设,我们发现,健康城市建设与人力资本投资是一种相辅相成的关系。一方面,健康城市建设具有增进人力资本的巨大功能,健康城市的宗旨、过程和具体指标都起到了增加人力资本存量的客观效果;另一方面,人力资本投资推动了健康城市建设,对教育、医疗保健、劳动力流动等方面的投资是健康城市建设的先决条件。因此,必须优化人力资本投资的主体结构、类别结构、地区结构和城乡结构,推进健康城市建设。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Determinants of Perceived Safety Among the Elderly

Abstract

A survey of randomly selected elderly residents (N = 301) of a largely rural county in Northwest Ohio sought to explore the perception of the fear of crime victimization. Those who participated in the study were asked a series of questions about their community, actual experiences of crime victimization, perception of fear related to victimization, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were computed to explore perceptions of neighborhood safety. Most participants reported limited experiences of victimization. As expected, in this rural environment, there was more reliance on informal supports and limited use of existing formal services.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

Social protection systems and the future of work: Ensuring social security for digital platform workers

Digitalization is transforming societies and economies worldwide at an unprecedented scale and pace. In the wake of automation and digitalization, new forms of employment have been emerging in various occupations and sectors, such as the digital platform economy. The emergence of new forms of employment, such as work on digital platforms, requires that existing social protection systems adapt to the specific situation and needs of such workers, as to realize the human right to social security for all. Current social protection coverage for workers on digital crowdwork platforms reveals significant gaps in social security coverage. Where such coverage exists, it is often provided through the workers’ previous or additional jobs, or indirectly through their spouses or other family members. This raises questions about digital platforms free riding on the traditional economy with regard to the financing of social security. How can social protection systems adapt to changing forms of work to ensure full and effective coverage for workers in all forms of employment, including those in “new” forms of employment? How can workers in all types of employment, including those on digital platforms, be protected in an adequate and comprehensive way, combining contributory and non‐contributory mechanisms and based on equitable and sustainable financing mechanisms, so as to ensure adequate social protection to all?     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.