中国人在行政纠纷中为何偏好信访?

近些年,中国民众在解决行政纠纷时往往会选择信访,而不进行诉讼。对此现象,学术界主要有两种解释:一种认为"信访现象"根本就是民众理性选择的结果,行政诉讼问题过多,效果不如信访。另一种则认为清代的法律文化与1978年以前的新中国历史使当代中国人具有"厌讼"或"信人治不信法治"的历史传统,或叫"路径依赖"。本文认为这两种解释都与现存的证据存在很大出入:首先,信访的效果比诉讼差得多,很少会解决信访者的问题。其次,传统中国社会——尤其在清代和民国——并不很厌讼。在此基础上,本文提出一种新的解释可能:中国民众不选择行政诉讼是因为对这种诉讼的程序感到陌生和排斥。不论古今,中国民众都似乎偏向冲突性较低、法官主导功能较强的诉讼程序和审理方式,而现代的行政诉讼制度因为不允许调解,也许显得过于生硬、冲突性过强,因而使访民产生排斥心理。     

信访法律事务服务中心的建立模式问题研究

信访是我国特有的一项政治法律制度,在国家发展建设中发挥了重要的作用,也带来一些问题和矛盾。随着国家迈向法治社会的步伐加快,成立信访法律事务服务中心,让信访工作和法律更好地结合起来,更好地发挥信访工作维护公民权益、保证表达诉求的作用,是一项需要认真研究的课题。     

检察机关化解信访案件的路径选择

化解社会矛盾是检察机关履行法律监督职责所在,也是检察权的司法属性和人民属性所应秉承的基本立场。检察信访案件工作十分复杂,是检察机关化解社会矛盾的集中体现,在全面建设小康社会的新形势下,需要客观分析涉检信访案件特点,完善处理涉检信访的路径措施,使检察信访工作更加适应全面建设小康的战略需求。     

信访社工：以第三方立场服务信访弱势群体

从2005年5月1日国务院公．布新修订的《信访工作条例》出台至今，各信访单位根据当地的需要，在不断的实践过程中探索着不同的信访新路。现行信访工作“以人为本”的指导思想与社会工作专业“助人自助”价值判断，本质上都提倡对人性的关怀，以此为基础而形成的社会工作专业理论能够有效地洞悉信访对象的需要。另外，社会工作中涉及的治疗、认知、沟通、危机干预、完型治疗、社会行动、社会设计等专业技术可以协助信访工作者解决问题、发挥功能，改善信访者的生活质量和促进社会公正。     

浅析社会转型期价值取向的冲突及化解

文中旨在分析社会转型期存在多元价值取向冲突形成的原因，并提出化解的思路，以期有利于社会的文化建设。     

四川省内国土资源新闻

正全省国土资源系统信访维稳工作会在蓉召开9月28日,全省国土资源系统信访维稳工作会暨业务培训在成都召开,会议总结分析了当前信访工作形势,安排部署了下一阶段信访工作,并进行了为期2天的信访业务知识培训。厅党委委员、副厅长毕胜出席会议并作重要讲话。毕胜表示,今年以来,全省国土资源系统信访工作通过推进"走基层"活动、化解信访积案、创新工作机制、加强重点时段保障等多方面工作,取得了阶段性成效,但不能忽视问题的复杂性、艰巨性和长期性。目前我省正处于改革攻     

浅析社会转型期信访人心理危机及其干预处理策略

在我国正处于经济体制加速改革以及社会结构深化变动的特殊时期,由于信访制度的不完善、信访工作人员的意识不强以及信访问题处置随意性较大等等客观原因的存在,使得信访人对于信访工作信任度、公平性产生了怀疑,甚至对信访工作人员产生了心里抵触。本文正是在这种背景下,结合自身的相关工作经验对社会转型期信访人心理危机及其干预处理策略展开探讨。     

基于政治社会化的社会动员当代意义

社会动员要想达到预期效果必须展开积极有效的组织,为此应不断深化和完善社会动员机制与流程。当前,社会动员的主要方式仍是以政府为主导,这是无法改变的,因为社会动员是一个公共选择或集团选择过程,必须通过这样一个组织将民众的不同偏好转换为一个一致的社会偏好。但是社会公众表达思想的渠道必须是畅通无阻的,方式必须是灵活多样的,这样才能实现真正意义上的民主和发挥社会监督应有的积极作用,即民众监督具有自发性、及时性、灵活性和针对性,不拘泥于形式,且主体广泛,形式灵活多样,更重要的是由于社会公众利益上的一致性,所以可以形成监督的合力,对国家监督起到拾遗补缺的积极作用。     

审视国土资源信访

《土地管理法》颁布和国土资源管理部门成立以来,涉及土地管理的信访一直不断。对此,国土资源管理部门设立了专门的信访机构,把信访工作看成贯彻落实国土资源管理法律、法规的大事来抓,为民众解决大量的实际问题,使国土资源信访工作取得了很大的发展。在第16个“土地日”来临之际,让我们把目光再次投向国土资源信访。     

青少年体验教育的社会学依据

中国当代青少年的价值观历来在前进与后退,创新与守旧,传统与未来,沉沦与升华的艰难抉择中演变着。一方面,青少年随着社会的进步,民族意识的觉醒,现代文明观念的形成,以及社会主义市场经济的形成和发展,出现了与传统的价值观念,甚至社会的主导价值观念高度分化的态势,并在分化的过程中进行反省,积累经验,更新价值观念;另一方面,青少年的价值取向又面临着如何与传统的价值观念、社会的主导价值观念进行调适的问题,并在调适的过程中探索主体的价值观念与社会的价值观念如何整合的途径与方式。纵观中国当代青少年价值观演变的历程,可以看到这一演变所呈现的基本发展趋势,那就是:平权取向的体验、自我取向的体验、非特殊主义取向的体验、内控取向的体验、文化取向的体验,以及独立取向的体验。     

Regulated freedoms: the market and the state,agriculture and the environment

We argue that a “free” market — that is, a market in which the state does not intervene — is a theoretical impossibility in a state society. In place of the natural economy view of a market apart from the state, we offer a social economy view of the inescapable social structuring of markets through state regulation. Even when states institute policies which prevent “interference” in a market, the enforcement power of the state is no less required. We thus distinguish between two forms of regulation: negative regulation — regulation which prevents interference — and positive regulation — regulation which enables interference. These two forms of regulation make possible two different conceptions of freedom, what Isaiah Berlin once termed “negative freedom” from agency and “positive freedom” to have agency. We argue that positive and negative freedom and positive and negative regulation are inseparable; freedom is always contextual. Through a discussion of the debate between industrial agriculture and environmentalists, we show that both supporters and critics of the “free” market are alike in their advocacy, often unacknowledged, of both negative and positive forms of regulation. Rather then a lessening of regulation, this debate represents the institution of a new regulatory regime out of the contest of interests. We conclude by considering the implications for democracy of the contextual character of freedom.     

Relating the Central and the Local

Although a number of valuable models of central‐local relationships in the nonprofit sector have been developed, particularly in relation to federal structures, there has been a tendency to assume that in any given organizational relationship central‐local structures will follow one common pattern. We argue that wider strategies are available: central dependency along one dimension may run with greater local autonomy along another. Such mixed tight‐loose structures may be of considerable importance in the “boundaryless” organizational environment of the future.     

Disappointing and deviant youth and the rage of the elders

A generalized adult hostility toward youth derives from the complexities of the parent/child relationship, often mirrored in the helper/client and therapist/patient dyads. Parents derive considerable or little narcissistic gain from the accomplishments of their offspring, and conversely, are disappointed or even mortified by their failures. This is particularly true of narcissistically vulnerable parents—helpers and therapists as well—and accounts for widespread attitudes of competition, disparagement, and outright hostility toward young people. In the extreme, the pathological situations of emotional exploitation, incest, and physical abuse occur, but lesser forms of exploitation, such as personally gratifying advocacy, political gain, cultism, and enhancement of professional status, point to similar, but seemingly less destructive, forms of narcissistic gain. Youth may respond by conforming, defying, disappointing, and deviating. Adults may be either pleased, or enraged.     

Private property and the problem of the miraculous: the kramats and the city of Cape Town

This paper seeks to explore the place of kramats the graves of Muslim saints or Auliyah – in the landscape of contemporary Cape Town. The kramat sites have been proclaimed as heritage sites because of their importance as tangible signs of Islam at the Cape. At the same time, the process of the kramats becoming heritage sites has contained moments of intense, often sensational, public contestation. Offering a reading of the discourses surrounding two contested kramats in Cape Town, this paper explores the way kramats mark out a miraculous space in the prosaic modern city and introduce into the post-apartheid evaluation of heritage, alternative conceptions of space and notions of temporality. They are sites of impossibility where, it is claimed, the laws of nature themselves are interrupted to mark the intangible particularities of the site. This paper explores what happens when this miraculous space is subject to the demands of private property and municipal law and the conflicts that arise from this collision of different conceptual and experiential modalities. It considers the effects of the entanglement of legend and history that result from the production of these sites as heritage in a market-driven economy.     

Between the market and the hard place: neoliberalization and the Polish LGBT movement

ABSTRACT

Whilst the fall of state socialism in 1989 opened up a space for the Polish LGBT movement to emerge and develop, over the last three decades the process has taken place against the backdrop of material and ideological constraints of neoliberalization, a point that has been largely overlooked in the scholarship on the Polish LGBT movement. Informed by interviews with Polish LGBT activists this article explores the contradictory ways in which processes of neoliberalization and market logic influence and often constrain the Polish LGBT movement. The argument is that neoliberalization and its logic profusely affect what is possible and desirable for the Polish LGBT movement on a personal, local as well as a national level. The contradictory effects of the processes of neoliberalization combined with the political climate, with minimal or no state support for LGBT organizing, result in a movement that is at the mercy of the market-like environment, under-resourced, dependent almost entirely on voluntary labor and spatially scarce.     

论小青年的生命意识及其教育

本文从生命价值角度出发,提出要引导学生正确认识生命、珍惜生命,培养学生的人文关怀情怀,使他们真正理解生活的意义,进而努力实现生命价值;关注与尊重学生生命,在学校乃至全社会开展生命教育,具有重大的现实意义。