我国社区居家养老的现状、问题与对策探析

我国已步入老龄化社会,目前全国的养老方式主要有家庭养老、机构养老、社区居家养老三种方式。社区居家养老是介于家庭照顾和社会机构照顾之间的一种运用社区资源开展的老人照顾方式,能有效弥补家庭养老和机构养老的不足。文章主要从社区居家养老的内容、各种养老模式的特点与社区居家养老的优势与不足等几个方面对国内的社区居家养老模式进行分析、总结,并提出基于社区的养老网络构建的政策建议。     

社区居家养老模式的探索及思考——以广州市为例

在中国人口老龄化形势日益严峻的挑战下,一种新型养老模式——＂社区居家养老＂模式得到了实践和推广。广州市自2005年开始进行社区居家养老的探索,目前已形成了若干具有代表性的社区居家养老运作方式。继续推进社区居家养老的发展,应从拓宽筹资渠道、提升服务人员的专业化水平、有效整合服务资源、加大宣传力度等几个方面加以改进和完善。     

社区居家养老医养结合服务模式比较研究

社区居家养老是中国老年人首选的养老方式。老年人的医疗需求日益增长,开展医养结合服务能有效破解我国"医养分离"的养老困境。目前国内外多地开展社区居家养老医养结合服务取得良好成效,但缺乏规律分析,没有形成一个可复制的模式。在比较分析国内外各地经验做法的基础上,构建具有普适意义的社区居家养老医养结合服务模式,以期对中国社区居家养老医养结合服务发展提供参考。     

社区居家养老意愿的影响因素研究——以北京市为例

人口老龄化背景下的养老问题备受关注,养老方式的选择将影响养老资源的有效配置。本文根据实地调研数据分析北京市家庭养老、社区居家养老、机构养老等方式的现状及其发展态势,使用回归分析考察了老年人意愿养老方式及其影响因素。研究结果表明,家庭养老仍是主要的养老方式,社区居家养老备受青睐,尤其是中等收入的老年人更偏好于社区养老。建议养老资源更多地向社区进行配置,促进社区居家养老的快速发展。     

老年休闲与居家养老——以上海市某社区老年人休闲为例

截至2008年底,中国60岁以上老年人口近1.6亿,占总人口的12%。迅速到来的老龄化让整个社会聚焦养老问题,通过多年的摸索、试验、论证,各界大多认为社区居家养老是应对人口老龄化挑战的重要方式。老人退休后基本处于休闲状态,那么老年人的休闲活动与居家养老有无内在关系,是否会影响居家养老模式的推行呢?鉴于此,作者通过对老年人日常休闲的调查研究,试图揭示它与社区养老的内在逻辑,并就如何提高老年人的生活质量和顺利推进居家养老模式提出相应的对策。     

老年休闲与居家养老——以上海市某社区老年人休闲为例

截至2008年底,中国60岁以上老年人口近1,6亿,占总人口的12％。迅速到来的老龄化让整个社会聚焦养老问题,通过多年的摸索、试验、论证,各界大多认为社区居家养老是应对人口老龄化挑战的重要方式。老人退休后基本处于休闲状态,那么老年人的休闲活动与居家养老有无内在关系,是否会影响居家养老模式的推行呢？鉴于此,作者通过对老年人日常休闲的调查研究,试图揭示它与社区养老的内在逻辑,并就如何提高老年人的生活质量和顺利推进居家养老模式提出相应的对策。     

广州市社区居家养老模式探索

社区居家养老是中国社会养老保障体系的必要补充,也是解决城市养老问题的重大战略选择。近几年广州市社区居家养事业取得显著成绩,成为全国的样板。社区居家养老工作要持续、快速、健康发展,必须走政府、社会、家庭相结合的养老保障道路。     

广州市社区居家养老模式探索

社区居家养老是中国社会养老保障体系的必要补充,也是解决城市养老问题的重大战略选择。近几年广州市社区居家养事业取得显著成绩,成为全国的样板。社区居家养老工作要持续、快速、健康发展,必须走政府、社会、家庭相结合的养老保障道路。     

大连市:因地制宜打造福利服务体系

打造居家养老,社区照料模式 【典型代表】大连市沙河口区中山公园街道居家养老院 2002年9月,大连市沙河口区中山公园街道（原民权街道）首创了一个崭新的社区养老模式——居家养老院,老百姓形象地称之为“没有院墙的养老院”。这一居家养老、社区照料的养老服务方式具备了以下鲜明特色：     

青岛市城阳区：惠老有十招

一是开展居家养老服务工作,建立城乡一体的居家养老服务模式。目前,全区各社区均已建立居家养老服务站,启动70岁以上独居困难家庭老年人居家养老服务。采取政府购买服务的方式,从低保户和低保边缘家庭中招聘了247名服务人员,为410名老年人提供生活照料、精神慰藉等服务。     

大陆与台湾失踪儿童青少年协寻工作的比较分析

儿童青少年遭遇诱拐及逃家是中国大陆和台湾热议的社会现象和社会问题之一。笔者通过在台湾实习经历以及对大陆与台湾失踪儿童青少年协寻工作开展状况的深入了解,就两岸失踪儿童青少年协寻工作进行比较研究,提出借鉴台湾经验、提高大陆失踪儿童青少年协寻工作水平的建议。     

海峡两岸法定继承制度比较研究

法定继承是大陆和台湾继承法律制度的重要内容。海峡两岸由于政治、经济、文化等条件的差异 ,关于法定继承的规定有诸多不同。台湾的立法详细具体 ,受德、日法系的影响较深 ,大陆的立法原则、简略 ,与大陆实际结合得较为紧密。了解海峡两岸法定继承制度的差异 ,不仅有助于继承立法的相互借鉴与完善 ,同时对正确处理两岸间的互涉继承关系有着非常重要的意义。     

从国家社会科学基金立项项目看中国政治学科发展状况——基于1993-2008年国家社科基金政治学类立项项目的分析

本文通过对1993--2008年国家社会科学基金政治学类立项项目的统计分析,从立项数目、立项主题、项目成果形式和立项机构分布等方面呈现了中国政治学现阶段的发展状况,并分析了该学科发展过程中的经验和问题。     

An exploration of social work supervision in Mainland China

ABSTRACT

Social work supervision is receiving increased attention in Mainland China. This paper uses qualitative interview data from a study in Mainland China, which involved telephone interviews with 24 social work supervisors which enabled the readers to know the current situation of supervision and its provision in the country. Common difficulties facing social work supervision and the possible solutions are identified. The Findings suggest greater attention should be given to the establishment of supervision system, the provision of the supervisor training and the adoption of new supervision methods.     

The disaster relief and social work after the Wenchuan earthquake in Mainland China

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly focuses on the development of disaster social work in Mainland China and the intervention of social work in disaster relief. Before the Wenchuan earthquake and in the initial stage of post-earthquake, disaster social work was mainly based on individual psychotherapy; from the earthquake to the year of 2012 in which post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction was completed, the disaster relief began to emphasise community building and integration, while the basic framework for disaster social work was also established. Social workers begin to explore the new mode of developmental and localised disaster social work. By combining with the practical experiences from disaster social work, this paper tries to highlight the dilemmas confronting disaster relief in Mainland China and put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which could improve the future disaster relief system in Mainland China.     

Long-term Care in China: Issues and Prospects

One of the major socioeconomic challenges China faces is the rapid aging of its population. China is now an aging society, even though it is still regarded as a middle-income economy. Coupled with the market-driven reform of social services and rapid erosion of family support, the provision of affordable and accessible social care services to older people has already become an urgent issue for the government to address. Looking into the future, the formulation of a sustainable position on long-term care (LTC) will increasingly become the major focus of social policy. This article sets out the background to the demographic shifts resulting in the emerging need for LTC in China. It analyzes the issues facing LTC services and reviews their prospects, including the structure, operation, financing, and interfacing of residential and community-based home care services.     

居家养老的困境与出路——探索一种适合中国国情的养老模式

面对汹涌而至的"银发浪潮",如何让老年人安享晚年,消除人口老龄化给社会经济可持续发展带来的负面影响,这已经成为全社会普遍关心的问题。虽然居家养老在解决我国现阶段的养老困境方面有家庭养老和机构养老所没有的优势,但如今也正经历着制约制度发展的"瓶颈"而陷入了困境。因此,应积极探讨完善居家养老的方法和对策,使其更加符合我国的国情,成为一种真正适宜中国国情的养老模式。     

Quality of care: relationship between the perceptions of elderly home care users and their caregivers

The aim was to study the relationship between elderly home care users', and their caregivers', perceptions of the quality of care. The sample consisted of 151 matched elderly home care user-caregiver pairs in a Swedish municipality. The elderly home care users were interviewed and their caregivers filled in questionnaires using an established, theory-based instrument. Results showed that the elderly home care users evaluated most care components more favourably than their caregivers. On ratings of the various care components' subjective importance to the caretaker, the caregivers consistently scored higher than the elderly home care users. Within the subset of elderly home care users who received help at least twice a day, there were greater similarities between caregivers and caretakers. The results are related to comparable research and discussed in terms of caregivers' needs to legitimize their professional identity and actions.     

The Economic and Gender Consequences of South Africa's Home‐based Care Policy

South Africa's approach to care provision in the era of HIV/AIDS is home‐ and community‐based care, but in reality care for ill people in the home is provided on an unpaid basis, predominantly by women. But how much do they spend on this care work, in time and money? And what economic consequences does this policy have, particularly for poorer women? This article is based on findings from a study that focuses on unpaid care provision within the home for those in late‐stage HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, and specifically on the costs of such provision. The findings show that female caregivers are bearing the bulk of the costs of care provision for ill people within the home on an unpaid basis. Home‐based care is cost‐effective for the provincial government but not for unpaid caregivers who are subsidizing the provincial economy. While hospital care for people with HIV/AIDS has been capped, home‐based care services have not been increased to a commensurate level. Unpaid caregivers and ill people within the home are largely disconnected from the health system. The analysis clearly shows that the home‐based care policy is not resulting in appropriate or sufficient support for these individuals in need and needs to be revised.     

How Effective are Helpers to Older Adults’ Life Satisfaction?

The effectiveness of help received from home care workers and volunteers to the life satisfaction of community-dwelling older adults is vital but uncharted. To address the effectiveness, this study aims to optimize the use of social resources for the older adults’ life quality. The study thus surveyed 398 community-dwelling older adults in a city of China about the help and life satisfaction. Results showed a significant positive effect of help from home care workers, but not that from volunteers, on the older adult’s life satisfaction. Moreover, the effect of help from volunteers was significantly greater when the older adult had higher education or lower family income. These effects are explicable with resource theory and need fulfillment theory. They imply the worth of promoting help from home care workers generally and volunteers conditionally to champion older adults’ life satisfaction.