上海推进“城中村”改造研究

改造"城中村",有利于改善居民居住生活质量,促进城乡统筹发展;有利于盘活存量用地,推进土地的节约、集约利用;有利于改善城乡形象、推进宜居城市建设。上海进一步推进"城中村"改造,须加强领导,推进"城中村"改造的体制机制建设;要均衡各方利益,调动政府、开发商和农民三方的积极性;要摸清底数,对纳入全市统一改造计划内的"城中村"实行目录管理;要因地制宜,针对各个"城中村"不同的情况进行分类指导;要突破创新,建立、健全支持"城中村"改造的政策体系;要营造氛围,形成有利于推进"城中村"改造的良好外部环境。     

全面推进上海“城中村”改造土地政策研究

“城中村”作为城市化的一种特有现象,已逐渐演化为影响城市品质和居住品质的巨大障碍,同时制约着城市土地的集约利用水平的提高。在上海市城市化进程加速、人口日益膨胀、中心城区土地资源供应越来越少的背景下,“城中村”所贮存土地的战略重要性越加明显。上海可通过健全现有土地储备制度、完善土地出让办法、完善安置补偿政策、加大规划政策支持力度等举措,全面推进“城中村”改造。     

城中村违法建筑的拆迁补偿初探——以广州市为例

对广州城中村改造过程中对违法建筑的拆迁补偿进行研究,并借鉴国内外违法建筑相关立法方面的经验,力图找出城中村改造中对违法建筑补偿的相关漏洞,并提出相关对策。     

重庆城市更新中“城中村”改造的思考

我国正处在城市快速发展阶段,城中村现象普遍存在,不少地方都开展了城中村的改造工作,不断探索改造方式和改造策略。重庆在城中村改造中还有不少问题,应树立新的指导思想,创新改造模式和改造方式以及征地补偿制度,促进城中村融入城市。     

城中村改造的原理及模式研究

随着经济的不断发展和对城市化质量要求的提高,城中村改造成为我国城市化进程中不可回避的问题。城中村的改造是一个系统的社会综合治理工程,主要涉及政府作用、改造模式、改造主体、资金来源、土地权属变更、拆迁补偿方式、流动人口住房问题等多方面,如何合理的进行城中村改造?关键在于对以上多方面问题的优化协调。本文试图在阐述城中村改造原理的基础上,将处于不同成长阶段的城中村划分为三类——成熟型城中村、成长型城中村和初生成型城中村,然后围绕成熟型城中村提出改造的思路。     

质疑“改造”城中村

最近,不少城市都在搞“城中村”改造,其中以深圳市最为积极,该市市长在一次全市工作会议上提出,能否成功地改造“城中村”,是对党和政府执政能力建设的一次检验,并宣称要不惜代价解决“城中村”问题。据称,之所以改造“城中村”的理由有三:第一,“城中村”不符合现代化、国际化大都市建设和发展之要求,已经损害到城市形象。第二,“城中村”成了滋生各种社会问题的温床,曾有媒体罗列了“城中村”的十大罪状,即黄、赌、毒、假、冒、骗、抢、偷、劫和火患等。第三,“城中村”违反城市规划,存在着大量的违章建筑。笔者认为“,城中村”并不是不可…     

突破城中村改造过程中的瓶颈

城中村是指被城市所包围的村庄,也称都市里的村庄.＂城中有村.村里有城,村外现代化,村里脏乱差＂是对许多城中村的真实写照.对城中村的改造是我国城市化进程中城市政府快速拓展城市空间的必然.要完成对城中村的改造无疑是政府.村民和开发商三方进行博弈的过程,要完成城中村的改造,无疑要突破城中村改造过程中的瓶颈,实现三方共赢.     

“三旧”改造背景下的城中村改造时序选择

快速城市化过程后,城中村问题变得越来越突出,尤其是随着广东“三旧”改造实践的不断深入,城中村改造已逐渐成为改善城乡人居环境、提高建设用地集约节约利用能力的重要内容.科学合理规划时序已成为城中村改造成功的关键因素之一.本文基于层次分析法和问卷调查法,通过构建评价指标体系,探讨在“三旧”改造背景下城中村改造的时序安排,为制定城中村改造以及确定、实施改造项目提供决策依据.     

城中村改造中的多远利益冲突与协调机制的构建

城中村的形成是城市快速扩张与城乡二元经济体制综合作用的结果.无论是政府、开发商还是城中村农民,均有强烈的改造城中村的愿望.但是城中村改造并不顺利,往往成为官民冲突的导火索.究其原因在于现有的城中村改造模式无法有效平衡各方利益,应当构建更加具有包客性的利益协调机制,让各方利益主体参与到城中村改造中,更加完善、有序地推动城中村改造.     

反思中国城中村改造问题——英国谢菲尔德贫民窟演变的启示

以英国谢菲尔德市为例,通过对其18—19世纪贫民窟的演变历程进行详尽分析,总结出西方发达国家在贫民窟改造方面的经验教训。在此基础上,反思我国当前城市化进程中的城中村问题,指出城中村改造需要注意:从长期规划的视角来看待城中村改造问题,着眼于拆迁还建社区的可持续发展,注重短、中、长期策略的结合,避免形成拆迁与重建不断交替的恶性循环;确保拆迁还建社区的建筑质量;倡导混合社区的发展模式。     

1990年之后东京大城市圈的空间重构

本文探讨了1990年以来东京大城市圈空间扩展与变迁以及全球化对东京的影响。全球化对城市空间的重构有很大影响,经济全球化背景下,资本流动、劳动力转移、产业结构变化等因素是影响城市空间重构的主要要素。因此,需要从全球化的视角审视城市发展。     

Vaginal reconstruction in gynecologic cancer: A feminist perspective

Vaginal reconstruction is a frequent accompaniment of or sequel to radical surgery for recurrent gynecologic cancers. After reviewing research on vaginal reconstruction, undertaken from a perspective which gives prominence to women's power over decisions concerning the use of their bodies and over the definition of their sexuality, we note that the psychosocial and sexual impact of such surgery for the patient and her partner has often been underestimated, ignored, or misunderstood. We discuss the need for vaginal reconstruction and the definition of its success in terms of researchers' Stereotypic attitudes and assumptions about female sexuality as these are exemplified in their research methodologies. This analysis raises serious concerns about what constitutes informed consent for reconstructive surgery, the medical professionals' biases about female sexuality concerning power over their own bodies, and how best to meet the sexual rehabilitation needs of women with gynecologic cancer.     

伊拉克战后库尔德人分离主义倾向的变化与发展

建立自己的独立国家是伊拉克库尔德人多年来的政治目标。伊拉克战争结束后,面对周边国家对于库尔德分离倾向的压力和反对,再加上库尔德地区内部存在各种问题,库尔德领导人在伊战后政治重建中采取了务实的态度。为争取更大程度的区域自治,他们在宪法草案中确定了伊拉克国家的联邦主义性质。并利用和美国政府的密切关系,在伊过渡政府中占据了大量重要职位。但这并不意味着库尔德人彻底放弃了分离主义目标。从目前来看,库尔德人对分离主义的取舍将和伊战后重建的成败紧密联系在一起。如果伊战后重建最终失败并爆发内战,库尔德人依然会寻求自己的独立道路。     

With the best of intentions: Singapore volunteers and donors and the tsunami reconstruction

Charities and humanitarian organisations in Singapore that were involved in post-Tsunami relief and reconstruction work are repeatedly queried by volunteers, donors, and journalists. The world has pledged and donated billions to Tsunami relief and reconstruction, and I have personally given money to Singapore charities. Why do I still read about needy people in temporary shelters? Where has the money gone? Another question reflects similar sentiments of puzzlement, even frustration: I am moved by the devastation and would like to help by volunteering my time and expertise. I have signed up to volunteer with several humanitarian organisations. I am highly qualified and could help people. Why am I still not sent overseas? These are good questions that deserve solid answers. This article discusses the latest thinking in relief circles as to which volunteers are best sent overseas and how donations can most responsibly be used for effective and sustainable reconstruction. The authors draw on Singapore's experience with providing relief in the aftermath of the Tsunami along with the Dr. Tan Tay Keong's observations of relief and rehabilitation efforts in the Tsunami-affected areas of Sri Lanka and Indonesia. The article finds that volunteering requires much more than just a giving heart. Also, donations may be used most effectively by thinking long term rather than just short term. Further, donations are best administered in a way coordinated with local relief plans and in consultation with local people. The article closes by considering lessons for volunteers, donors, and humanitarian relief agencies from the Tsunami's aftermath.     

Confronting the politics of despair: Toward the reconstruction of progressive social work in a global economy and postmodern age

The emancipatory project of progressive social work as it was developed in the 1970s and early 1980s in Anglo-democracies has been brought into question on two fronts. First, the changing nature of capitalism from a post-war centralised form to a global decentralised form has rendered irrelevant much of the earlier analysis of capitalism which had been used by progressive social workers to develop emancipatory theories and practices at both the personal and political levels. Second, postmodern and poststructural thought have discredited many of the concepts (meta-narratives), ideals (universalisms) and discourses that underpinned the modernist development of progressive social work. This paper represents an attempt to contribute to the reformulation or reconstruction of a progressive form of social work that addresses both these challenges. The following elements of a reconstructed form of progressive social work are presented and discussed: bridging what is positive and liberating in the tradition of progressive social work with a postmodernist deconstruction of its problematic elements to the point where reconstruction is possible; identification of human needs that are universal and transcultural; new social movement theory; a revitalised public sector; anti-oppression as the framework for progressive social work; challenging and resisting the dominant order; and the constructive use of anger.     

Constructions and reconstructions of self in virtual reality: Playing in the MUDs

There are over 300 multi‐user games based on at least 13 different kinds of software on the international computer network known as the Internet. Here I use the term “MUD “ to refer to all the various kinds. All provide worlds for social interaction in a virtual space, worlds in which you can present yourself as a “character,” in which you can be anonymous, in which you can play a role or roles as close or as far away from your “real self as you choose.

In the MUDS, the projections of self are engaged in a resolutely postmodern context. Authorship is not only displaced from a solitary voice, it is exploded. The self is not only decentered but multiplied without limit. There is an unparalleled opportunity to play with one's identity and to “try out” new ones. MUDS are a new environment for the construction and reconstruction of self.     

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: The highest casualties and largest reconstruction funds—Characteristics of major disasters and future challenges in developed countries

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake was a disaster that led to the greatest number of casualties related to any form of natural disaster seen in developed countries since World War II. Furthermore, this earthquake occurred in an area where tsunami countermeasures had been prioritized. This disaster, therefore, led to the question “Is it impossible to reduce the number of victims of huge catastrophes, even in cases in which advanced disaster prevention measures have been taken?” Part of the reason this particular earthquake caused the largest number of deaths was because the tsunami that followed — which exceeded the “design load” of the seawall — hit the urban area. In addition, the tsunami, which also exceeded the “estimated loads” of the established disaster prevention plan, caused many “evacuation failures.” Another factor that contributed to the deaths was that the disaster prevention measures, up to that point, had relied primarily on the recognition that disasters could be prevented by the development of “hard,” or tangible, disaster prevention facilities in addition to “soft,” or intangible, measures, such as issuing warnings, without imposing space restrictions. Another characteristic of the Great East Japan Earthquake was that the largest reconstruction budget associated with any disaster in postwar Japan was compiled for it. Although the reconstruction project was over-specified for the disaster-afflicted area in terms of scale, cost, and duration of reconstruction, many unused land areas were also created in the new urban areas created during the reconstruction project. Furthermore, the reconstruction projects undertaken with the huge reconstruction budget were not based on the “choice to rebuild the lives” of the disaster-afflicted areas and the victims, but were rather implemented while simultaneously “marginalizing” said victims and areas as a whole. The over-specified reconstruction projects and the associated marginalization of disaster victims tend to exist in a mutually regulated relationship. Therefore, there are concerns about the future sustainability of the noted disaster-afflicted areas, which are already suffering from a severe population decline. Based on the previously presented discussion, it is possible to highlight various issues associated with disaster measures implemented in developed countries. First, regardless of how advanced disaster measures are, a “surge in disaster damage” can occur, which can lead to a “black swan” event. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate disaster prevention measures based on the assumption that such crises will occur in the future. Second, it is necessary for developed countries to determine how best to formulate reconstruction policies to avoid marginalizing disaster victims as well as to prevent over-specified reconstruction. In examining these two issues, the common problem that arises is how to conduct “risk assessment and enable its acceptance” most calmly immediately after a disaster and then formulate disaster prevention measures based on such assessment. Finally, the future of disaster sociology is detailed in this work. More specifically, in order for disaster sociology to escape its “marginal” status in sociology, it is necessary to consider “disaster” in the context of both a social structure and a social change—similar to how risk theory views the issue.     

伊拉克战后经济重建之机遇与挑战

2003年的伊拉克战争使国际局势发生了深刻变化，其战后重建正在并将继续对国际关系产生重大影响。伊战后重建最本质的问题是其民生改善及与相关国家政府间的经济行为，本文拟从经济视角考量伊战后重建中其国内的发展态势、与国际社会的互动及中国在其中的作为。     

Coordination Tasks and Negotiation Modes of Linked Lives in Entrepreneurial Families

The overlap of business and family roles, and how they are linked in entrepreneurial families, requires intergenerational negotiation. Biographical case reconstruction analysis of 32 narrative interviews of 12 German entrepreneurial families explores what coordination tasks need to be resolved and how family members negotiate their interlocking lives. The article finds that entrepreneurial families actively coordinate positions, life phases, and material transfers by means of a pedagogy of succession, life course evidence analysis, and entrepreneurial narratives. The article presents two innovations. First, it demonstrates how these families experience and cope with their linked lives under flexible working conditions and in multigenerational families. Second, it argues that research on linked lives should shift from focusing on outcomes to understanding emergence and operations, and it advances the use of the biographical case reconstruction method for this endeavor.     

Social Theory and the De/Reconstruction of Agricultural Science: Local Knowledge for an Alternative Agriculture1

Abstract As a result of environmental and agrarian activism and of academic critique, a substantial amount of space is available now for moving agricultural technoscience onto new trajectories. A critical rural sociology has played a key role in pushing forward the deconstructive project that has been instrumental in creating this space. And rural sociologists can be active agents in the reconstruction of the alternative science that must emerge from “actually existing” science and that must be developed if there is to be a truly alternative agriculture. But to be effective in this effort we need to enlarge not only the canon of our colleagues in the natural sciences, but our own canon as well. This article suggests that the theoretical resources for such reconstruction are available in contemporary sociological and feminist interpretations of science. Material resources for the reconstruction of a “successor science” are to be found in the “local knowledge” that is continually produced and reproduced by farmers and agricultural workers. Articulations and complementarities between theoretical resources are suggested and potentially productive research areas are outlined.