论医疗服务的公共属性和社会属性

本文运用公共政策和社会政策的基本原理分析了医疗服务的性质。纵观我国医疗服务体制改革的有关政策措施,总体上缺乏对医疗服务的性质的明确认识。这种认识上的偏差导致了医疗服务政策从指导思想到具体规则的种种问题,同时更导致了医疗服务实践既缺乏效率也缺乏公正。本文通过对医疗服务性质的分析,论证了医疗服务的一部分属于公共服务,另一部分属于社会服务。     

Social Networks and Social Service Workers

Correspondence to Peter Sharkey, School of Law, Social Work and Social Policy, Liverpool Polytechnic, 98 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, L3 5UZ. Summary ‘Networks’ is a word often used in the discussionof social work practice and within social services departments.It was a word which was central to the Barclay Report (1982)and important within the more recently published Griffiths Report(1988) on community care. It is a word also known to sociologistsand anthropologists through the development of ‘networkanalysis’. There is, however, a fairly wide gap betweenits use within social work and its use within social science.This article tries to explore this gap and the ways in whichsocial science ideas might have some use and relevance to socialservice workers. It does this by using some illustrative datafrom a study done of the personal networks of thirty elderlypeople who were all clients of a social service district office.     

地震灾区学校社会工作与教师精神健康服务探析

地震灾害发生后,灾区学校教师除了继续扮演好教书育人和学生管理等常规角色之外,还要做好学生的心理疏导工作,成为学生的心理调节者和心理医生,抚慰学生受伤的心灵和灾害带来的冲击、缓解因地震及一系列次生事件带来的情感的、心理的压力。灾区学校教师肩负着如此重要的任务,那么教师自身因地震灾害而带来的心理冲击和精神压力首先应该得到缓解和释放,然后才能在日常教学和学生管理中扮演好自己的角色。笔者通过研究发现,地震灾后学校教师存在着大量的心理社会方面的需求,存在着巨大的精神压力问题。笔者试图探讨通过学校社会工作服务来减轻教师的精神紧张和心理压力,从而达到提升教师精神健康的目的。     

Social Work Intervention in Community Service

Gill McIvor, Research Fellow, Social Work Research Centre, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA. Summary The recently introduced National Standards for Community Serviceschemes in Scotland recognize that certain offenders on CommunityService may experience personal difficulties that interferewith their ability to comply with the order of the court andrecommend that where necessary advice and help should be providedto assist completion. A study of twelve Scottish Community Serviceschemes revealed that in spite of their often being acceptedfor Community Service because of the absence of obvious instabilityin their lives, many offenders encountered personal difficultieswhile completing their orders and those who did had a higherincidence of absence from placement. The relatively few instancesof intervention by Community Service staff that were found weremainly of a practical nature. Two schemes were, however, identifiedas offering a more intensive social work service which may haveenabled certain offenders who would not otherwise have doneso to complete their Community Service Orders. The practicalimplications of increased intervention by Community Servicestaff are discussed as is the possibility that such an approachmight enable schemes to deal successfully with a higher proportionof offenders who would otherwise have received a custodial sentence.     

Social Service Teams and their Managers

Summary A study is reported of the perceived effectiveness of teamsof social workers and their managers. Prior studies are reviewedand shown to give disproportionate emphasis to the supervisionelement in the manager's task. It is shown that in the sampleof teams studied the correlates of perceived team effectivenesswere quite different in area teams from those found in socialwork teams. Social work teams required a manager who was primarilysupportive, whereas in area teams the manager's role was foundto be less important than were group process variables.     

Social Service Delivery and Social Work Practice for Japanese Elders

No abstract available for this article.     

社会福利体系中的专业社会工作服务

现代社会的飞速发展,促进了人民物质文化生活的不断提高,但同时也存在着更多的风险和不确定性。人们会遇到各种需要运用专业知识和技术协助解决的个人、家庭和社区问题,而社会工作就是这些助人的专业之一。它注重人的价值观,同时也强调人的价值,特别关注的是通过强化社会功能来帮助人们解决个人、家庭和社区的问题。本文将基于社会工作在西方国家社会福利体系中扮演的重要角色,分析二者的关系,探讨社会工作在我国社会福利体系建立和完善过程中的大有可为之处。     

社会工作服务于高职院校孤残学生培育体系研究

传统的高职教育模式无法有效回应孤残学生成长的特殊需求,社会工作的介入有助于高校教育体系的创新与完善,能够促进孤残学生建立正向情绪、积淀正向能量与适应社会发展。通过优化高职院校环境,推动社工主动作为,发挥孤残学生潜能,能够有效实现社会工作服务于高职院校孤残学生培育体系。     

Strengthening Professional and Paraprofessional Contributions to Social Service and Social Development

Correspondence to Prof. E. Allan Brawley, Professor of Social Work, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Sociology, 414 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16803, USA. Summary Based on a long-term research project that has generated dataon paraprofessional social service personnel in fourteen developedand developing countries, this paper presents some findingsthat, if acted upon, could strengthen the contribution of bothprofessionals and paraprofessionals to social service and socialdevelopment goals. The type of frontline workers who are generallyregarded as paraprofessionals have always been important participantsin social service activities throughout the world. This continuesto be the case in the countries studied. This article identifiesconditions under which the service activities of professionalsand paraprofessionals can be more productive and where theirjoint contribution to human well-being can be enhanced.     

Educational Training Programs for Social Service Workers

This evaluation study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a New York Department of Social Services educational program conducted by Cornell University. While the primary goal was to evaluate thc program, a secondary objective was to explore the use of qualitative methods as viable alternatives or additions to the experimental model. A dual methodological approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative strategies, included preand posttesting of all subjects, control groups, extensive nonparticipant observation, formal and informal interviews, and the collection of background data. Results from the quantitative data were statistically significant and the qualitative data cross-validated these findings.     

Social Work Ideologies in the Probation Service

Summary The research described in this paper was an attempt to exploresome aspects of social work ideology in the probation service.We were particularly interested to identify the extent to whichprobation officers subscribed to certain ‘treatment model’assumptions about criminal behaviour. The project was designedas a small-scale study in depth of probation officers' socialinquiry practices. The data-collection methods used for thiswere a combination of depth interviews with probation officerswho also completed self-administered questionnaires. We foundthat some probation officers appeared to subscribe to ‘treatmentmodel‘ ideals more than others, but that all probationofficers were treatment orientated towards some of their casesand not to others. Their treatment preferences seems to relateto the seriousness of the offender's criminal history and personalproblems and the recommendation that was being made. Some ofthe implications of these findings for social work practicewere discussed.     

Worker Participation and the Social Service Agency

Summary Is there real sharing of decision-making responsibility withinsocial service agencies? What hope is there for participationby the consumer of services if the agency worker nearest andmost relevant to him has little voice or leverage within theorganization? This paper examines the notion of worker participationwithin the context of the social services department and theprobation service, noting the imperfections of the ‘publicmandate’ behind the authority structure of these organizations.Above all it looks for continuity between the values socialservice agencies publicly represent and the values in theirday-to-day dealings with their own staff and clients. Currenttrade union proposals for worker representation at committeelevel are considered, and Dutch experience in extending theworkers' council from the industrial to the social welfare sphereis presented as one alternative model.     

A Preliminary Approach to Defining Social Service Outputs for Auditing Service Distribution

An accurate evaluation ofthe effectiveness of social services requires that the unit of output be clearly defined. The problem, which has never really been solved, has become more important with the passage of Title XX of the Social Security Act. The Title XX Amendments to the Social Security Act decentralize planning for social services to state and local governments. Title XX goals do not easily translate into measures of achievement. This paper describes a standardized framework that discriminates among the elements of service output. Data on the services provided by one social service agency are used to support the feasibility of proposed frameworks. The concept of a unit of service output was used in this study for the purpose of developing standardized categories to measure service provision. Two measures of service activity were developed: One measures service intensity, and the other relates to consumers' need for and utilization of services. The study was conducted at a local social service district in an urbanized county of 400,000. The sample of cases consisted of 120 new applicants accepted for public ossistance during the first 3 months of 1964. A retrospective longitudinal analysis of services provided was performed. All components of service provided to each sample care during the period of 1964-19 71 were coded from agency records in units of service output.     

社会工作者的激励因素探究——基于上海市Z社区服务社的调查

社会工作者的激励机制是社会工作人才建设中的重要问题。本文以一家专业社会机构为研究对象,使用自编问卷进行资料搜集,探索出针对社会工作者的激励因素。通过研究发现,笔者归纳总结出社会工作者的6个激励层次,依次为价值使命、人际关系、工作本身、机构条件、职业认可和薪酬福利。