论社会工作在农村最低生活保障漏洞治理中的作用

社工介入到农村最低生活保障活动,可避免熟人社会中某些习俗的影响,避免救助对象不当受益问题,通过收集信息来完善低保标准,避免超标受益、重复受益等漏洞问题;专业社工通过增能来帮助困难群体来表达福利诉求等。     

论社会工作在农村最低生活保障漏洞治理中的作用

社工介入到农村最低生活保障活动,可避免熟人社会中某些习俗的影响,避免救助对象不当受益问题,通过收集信息来完善低保标准,避免超标受益、重复受益等漏洞问题;专业社工通过增能来帮助困难群体来表达福利诉求等。     

社会工作视角下的城市居民最低生活保障制度

我国经济发展和社会转型时期,城市居民最低生活保障被称作是城镇居民的“最后一道安全网”。本文阐述了中国城市居民最低生活保障制度实施的历史和现状．在对城市居民最低生活保障政策实施过程中出现的问题进行分析基础上,探讨运用社会工作的方法实施城市居民最低生活保障政策。     

社会工作视角下的城市居民最低生活保障制度

我国经济发展和社会转型时期,城市居民最低生活保障被称作是城镇居民的"最后一道安全网"。本文阐述了中国城市居民最低生活保障制度实施的历史和现状,在对城市居民最低生活保障政策实施过程中出现的问题进行分析基础上,探讨运用社会工作的方法实施城市居民最低生活保障政策。     

Welfare Stigma of Social Assistance on Women Recipients in Urban China

Abstract

In urban China, the study of the welfare stigma of poor females receiving social assistance is neglected. An in-depth interview method was used with 16 urban female assistance recipients aged 16–70?years old in the city of Chengdu to examine the forms and the consequences of welfare stigma on them. The purpose of the study is to examine the issue of welfare stigma of female assistance recipients in urban China by means of empirical evidence. The findings suggest that female assistance recipients suffer from welfare stigma in three forms: identity stigma, treatment stigma, and procedure stigma. The three kinds of stigmas mingled with each other are imposed on the female assistance recipients and make them victims of constructed welfare stigma. Welfare stigma does not affect the decision to apply for assistance to meet basic living expenses. Suffering from welfare stigma positions female recipients in a state of isolation and exclusion. The study’s results suggest that efforts should be made to reduce and eliminate welfare stigma of social assistance on female assistance recipients in urban China. Future study should be broadened to consider the comparison of the stigma on female recipients with that on male recipients.     

Anti‐Poverty Family Policies in China: A Critical Evaluation

Despite its rapid economic growth, China remains a developing country facing serious challenges of poverty and inequality. This article examines the development and effectiveness of China's primary anti‐poverty family policy, the Minimum Living Standard Assurance (MLSA, or Dibao). Using rich administrative data and building on the existing literature, this article provides a critical evaluation of MLSA's benefit generosity, coverage, targeting, and anti‐poverty effectiveness. To help reinforce MLSA's anti‐poverty impacts, local governments in recent years have implemented a series of supplementary policies and programs, including health, education, housing, and work support programs. This article also provides an assessment of these supplementary policies and programs and draws policy implications for the ongoing expansion of the Chinese government's anti‐poverty efforts.     

Using the Rational Consumption Budget in Planning the Standard of Living

The present stage of economic and social development of Soviet society is characterized by the heightened orientation of national economic plans toward raising the people's living standard. "At the present time," L. I. Brezhnev emphasizes, "the highest goal of socialist production is directly becoming the focal point of the Party's practical policy." (1)     

The Final Safety Net A Framework for a System to Ensure the Minimum Standard of Living for Urban Residents in China

Themarket-orientedeconomicreformhasbroughtaboutrapidprogressandgreatachievementsinChina'seconomy.However,witheconomic,structuralandsocialtransformationsomesocialproblemshaveappeared,includingtheimpoverishmentofaproportionofurbanresidents.Furthermore,withthedeepeningofenterprisereform,technologicalprogressandreadjustmentstotheeconomicstructurethisproblemwillbecomeevenmoreserious.ItwasthereforeproposedattheFifteenthCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinathatwemustadoptapolicytoensurethebasicliveli…     

Stuck between the Idea of Philanthropy and Social Right: Dilemma of Social Assistance in China

This article exams the social right to receive assistance from the government established through the introduction of China’s new social assistance programs. A qualitative study that included 42 social assistance recipients and 12 policy implementers in urban areas suggests that the social right to receive social assistance has not been fully established. This is partly due to the practice of philanthropy which continues to have a significant influence on social assistance. At present, the underlying idea of social assistance is stuck between the idea of philanthropy and social right to receive assistance. The competing views have resulted in the dilemma of current social assistance development. Findings from this study have implications for policy and practice change to move toward social right to receive assistance and transition out of the dilemma of social assistance versus philanthropy. Future research should be broadened to study the social assistance recipients and policy implementers in rural areas and examine their experiences.     

城市低保家庭儿童社会保护制度分析

社会保护是缓解儿童贫困最有效的政策工具。本文通过对我国城市低保家庭儿童的社会保护制度进行分析,发现有一些基本要素缺失,贫困儿童的社会保护有很多需要改善的地方。     

我国失业保险金标准问题探讨

在全面总结我国二十年来失业保险金标准的确定和调整实践的基础上,评价分析了实际运行中存在的难以保障失业人员的基本生活;失业保险金未能按最低工资调整而调整;失业保险金标准与最低工资标准相比替代率较低;享受失业保险期限各地差距明显等问题。本文提出了重新确定和调整失业保险金标准的对策和建议。     

挤出还是促进——地方财政分权、市场化与低保救助水平差异

利用2013年全国市级有关数据,采用回归方法构建两个递进实证计量模型,考察地方财政分权、市场化对城乡低保救助水平的影响.实证结果表明,地方财政自给度和市场化水平均对低保救助有非常显著的促进作用,农村低保救助相对城市对地方财政分权和市场化的敏感度更高,科教文卫支出对低保救助支出存在非常显著的良性互动关系.建议进一步完善事权与财政支出责任相匹配的机制,提高地方财政自给度,同时转变政府职能,厘清政府权责边界,提升地方市场化水平.     

Targeting Social Expenditure in New Zealand: An Evaluation of the Current Policy Regime

This paper provides a brief account of how social expenditure in New Zealand has been targeted (i.e. means-tested) since the late nineteenth century, outlines the policy framework at the dawn of the new millennium, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the current targeting regime. It is argued that the existing policy settings are open to challenge on a number of counts. In particular, they are complex, inconsistent and relatively intrusive, they impose significant administrative and compliance costs, and they generate considerable incentive problems. Nor has the greater reliance on targeting since the mid-1980s prevented an increase in relative poverty and inequality. Given this situation, the paper outlines some possible reforms.     

近代中国消费价值观的和谐意蕴及其现实意义

以近代思想家为研究对象,可以看出近代消费价值观的和谐意蕴包含三个方面:义利并重、义利和谐的价值基础;己他两利、己他和谐的价值原则;俭奢和谐、适度消费的价值取向。近代消费价值观在正确处理消费与经济的关系、构建适度消费的科学消费观、兼顾物质消费与精神消费的和谐并存等方面对构建和谐社会具有一定的理论价值与现实意义。     

浅析我国消费信用的法制现状

消费信用是一种经济现象,是市场经济的必然产物,它是商品由物物交换、货币交换后再发展到信用交换的高级阶段.为维护这种信用交易的正常秩序,发挥它的经济作用,国家应当有一个相应的健全的法律体系以调整信用交易关系.但目前我国法律体系中,这种信用经济关系的立法是空白的,在规范消费信用交易的操作中,仅靠援引类似的部门规章来解决问题.针对这种现状,加速消费信用立法,建立科学完整的消费信用法制势在必行.     

The Positive and the Negative Method and the Spheres of Living： Some Thoughts on Feng Youlan＇s Philosophical Method

冯友兰是中国当代最具方法论自觉的一位哲学家。他早年特别强调形上学概念命题之不涉及内容的形式性意义,对负的方法范围的界定亦嫌过狭,这对理解正负方法的统一内涵造成了一些理论困扰。晚年他据“具体共相”的观念反思其哲学系统,在肯定哲学概念范畴形式性的同时,揭示了它作为把握实在的方式及其思想运动的“特殊内容”,实现了理智概念与直觉神秘问的相互包涵与融通。从冯友兰晚年的理论反思反观其整个哲学系统,可见其思想的前后一贯。其据具体共相思想对自己的哲学系统及哲学本性所作新解,亦是其整个哲学体系的题中应有之义。本此识度,才能更好地理解冯友兰哲学方法及其哲学的真精神,从中获得对中国哲学和文化现代重建的智慧启迪。     

Victoria Climbie Inquiry Data Corpus Project: Using the Delphi Method in Multidisciplinary Child Protection Research

This paper introduces the Delphi research method and analysesits usefulness in multi-agency research. In particular, theauthors examine how it was used in a project aimed at makingthe material generated by the Victoria Climbié Inquiryaccessible to child welfare/protection professionals throughorganizing the oral evidence in such a way that it can becomea web-based data corpus. The thematic analysis of research data-setsusually only reflects the theoretical and analytical ideas ofthe researchers; however, our research demonstrates that usingthe Delphi method incorporates thematic ideas both from researchersand from active professionals, thereby pooling expertise. Thuswe argue that the Delphi method represents a valuable tool inmultidisciplinary child welfare research as it embeds a breadthof expertise throughout the research process.     

西部农村消费需求的边际倾向与收入弹性比较分析

收入是拉动消费需求增加的非常重要的动力,但在我国,由于地域差异大,经济一直落后的西部农村地区,收入虽然也有所增加,但由于经济基础薄弱而使收入的增加对消费增加的作用不明显,消费的边际倾向和收入弹性相对东部地区的省份高,所以进一步增加西部农民的收入就很容易启动潜在消费,从而刺激全国的有效需求,使我国经济尽快走出低迷的状态。     

Loneliness: A Psychological Turning Point in the Reconstruction of the Urban Order in China

孤独是主体与对象（自然、社会、信仰）相疏离的深度心理体验,个体的孤独源 于主体需要与实现可能性、主体超越意识与超越有限性之间的悲剧冲突。孤独的作用 是多层面、多向度和辩证的,对城市秩序而言,孤独是建构性与消解性的统一。在现 代性的作用下,孤独率先在西方成为现代社会特别是现代城市社会的普遍心理现象, 在当今快速现代化的中国,城市社会的孤独不仅具有城市世界的普遍共性,其传统文 化中家宗教、家信仰的抽离必然使中国的城市孤独具有鲜明的本土化特征。因此,从 中国实际出发,探索构建心理秩序、城市秩序的具体路径十分必要。

关键词: 孤独?现代性?城市社会?心理秩序?家宗教

Loneliness can be best described as a kind of first‐hand, painful experience etched in the inner world of an individual's psyche. It arises from some degree of estrangement between the subject and the object (nature, society and beliefs). The root causes of individual loneliness lie in the unfortunate tension between the needs of the subject and the possibility of realizing these needs, the consciousness of transcendence on the part of the subject and the limited extent of this transcendence. The impacts of loneliness are multi‐layered, multi‐dimensional and dialectical. Relative to urban order, loneliness can be regarded as a unity of construction and dissolution. As a result of modernity, loneliness is, first in the West, becoming a universal psychological phenomenon in modern societies, particularly the modern urban societies. Since China is now undergoing rapid modernization, loneliness in China's urban society parallels that in urban societies around the world. The weakening of the family worship and beliefs traditionally found in Chinese society gives loneliness in urban China a localized coloration.

It is thus very necessary to proceed from China's realities to explore practical measures to construct a sound psychological and urban order in contemporary China.     

以人民性为中心的科学实践 20世纪50年代精神预防性无痛分娩法在中国

20世纪50年代苏联精神预防性无痛分娩法在中国的传播可以视为一场科学实践,超越了科学与政治二元对立的逻辑。分析它如何被接纳、正当化与转化,可以拓展对中国式现代化的理解。专业医护人员将无痛分娩的政治推进转化为科学叙事和实践,将苏联知识在地解释为助产动作、会阴保护,甚至借用巴甫洛夫理论发展祖国医学,呈现着有限度的科学自主性。以人民性为中心的无痛分娩裹挟着科学、阶级、性别和国族的复杂叙事,呈现出去技术化和再技术化、“文明产妇”与“经管”产痛的张力,生活世界与政治的“距离”提示着人民性与中国现代性之间的复杂关系。