外来者劣势与国际并购绩效研究

基于外来者劣势和组织学习理论,从外来者劣势的固有来源合法性缺失和信息不对称两个维度出发,分析外来者劣势对跨国企业国际并购绩效的影响,探索种群密度、文化交流、股权比例和企业年龄4个情境因素的调节作用,构建外来者劣势与国际并购绩效关系的概念模型,选取2004年至2010年中国企业国际并购事件为样本,利用SPSS软件进行大样本实证检验。研究结果表明,合法性缺失和信息不对称导致的外来者劣势对国际并购绩效产生显著的负向影响,种群密度、文化交流和企业年龄皆能显著弱化信息不对称对国际并购绩效的负向影响,股权比例越大则越强化信息不对称对国际并购绩效的负向影响。从提高目标国选取的合理性、考量东道国环境、采取内部股权治理战略和平衡组织学习模式等角度给出降低外来者劣势进而提高国际并购绩效的管理启示。     

外来者劣势、组织学习与对外直接投资绩效研究

基于信息不对称和组织合法性两个研究视角,分析外来者劣势对跨国企业对外直接投资绩效的影响路径。结合组织学习双元性理论,探讨利用性学习和探索性学习在调节外来者劣势与对外直接投资绩效关系上的时效性差异。在理论分析基础上构建关于外来者劣势、组织学习与对外直接投资绩效的概念模型,以138家中国上市企业为样本,采用SPSS 19.0对提出的假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,外来者劣势对跨国企业对外直接投资绩效存在显著负作用;探索性学习强调知识信息逆向转移,能够促进跨国企业突破性创新来弱化外来者劣势对长期投资绩效的负作用;利用性学习旨在促进内部技能与外部环境的融合,推动跨国企业渐进性创新,进而显著弱化外来者劣势对短期投资绩效的负作用,但利用性学习的调节作用未通过验证。研究结论有助于更好地认识跨国企业对外直接投资过程中的外来者劣势,并从组织学习角度给跨国企业降低外来者劣势、提高对外直接投资绩效提供实践意义。     

基于扎根理论的中国企业克服外来者劣势的边界跨越策略研究

外来者劣势是新兴经济体跨国企业国际化过程中面临的显著劣势,现有理论在新兴经济体跨国企业如何克服外来者劣势研究方面存在缺口。选取4家中国跨国企业作为研究对象,采用扎根理论研究方法的三阶段编码程序对案例进行剖析,探索中国企业在发达国家克服外来者劣势的具体策略,构建以边界跨越为核心范畴的外来者劣势克服策略理论模型。研究结果表明,中国企业面临的外来者劣势主要来源于信息缺失和合法性缺失。边界跨越是克服外来者劣势的有效策略,其中信息内化通过设置边界跨越角色、聘请外部顾问、环境扫描、产品策略和信息内部整合等活动将外部环境信息传递到企业内部,提高企业获取异国环境信息的能力,降低不熟悉危害;有利的外部显示通过品牌营销、企业社会责任、名人效应和获取第三方认证等活动向环境释放积极的信息,提高企业的规范和认知合法性,降低歧视危害和关系危害。针对研究结论,从构建环境扫描系统和外部显示机制两方面对中国企业如何实施边界跨越、降低外来者劣势提出具体的管理启示。     

中国企业拓展国际市场的模式与策略研究--以荷兰中资企业的实证分析为例

在特定的国外市场选择正确的进入方式是企业国际化进程中最重要的决策之一,也是跨国公司拓展国际市场、实施全球战略的重要思路.本文以企业国际市场进入模式决策的相关理论探讨及模型构建为基础,通过对在荷兰中资企业的实证分析,探讨中国企业如何顺应世界潮流,实施"走出去"战略,选择拓展国际市场的适当模式,以及如何在全球范围内最有效地利用各种经营资源,以提升自己的竞争能力,在跨国竞争中求得生存和发展的相应策略.     

基于制度基础观的市场进入模式影响因素:理论模型构建与相关研究命题的提出

近年来,制度基础观已成为战略管理的第三个重要研究支点,制度因素对企业市场进入模式的选择有重大影响.本文基于制度基础观,研究反映在管制因素、规范因素和认知因素三个维度上的制度环境对企业市场进入模式的资源承诺、控制程度和股权特征的影响,建立了制度环境与企业海外市场进入模式影响关系的理论框架,提出了研究命题,指出了研究的不足和未来研究方向.     

经济环境是否制约会计国际化的进程:理论分析与经验证据

会计国际化是全球经济一体化的客观要求 ,是大势所趋。但对于会计准则国际化是否就意味着会计国际化 ,会计准则国际化的进程是否应考虑经济环境的影响 ,则争议颇为激烈。本文基于需求与供给理论 ,对会计准则国际化的需求及其支撑环境的供给关系进行了理论分析 ,得出支撑环境对会计准则国际化进程有制约作用的结论 ,并认为制定会计准则既要考虑准则国际化的需求 ,也应考虑其支撑环境的建设 ,也就是应在会计国际化的需求与供给平衡中推进会计准则的国际化。中国会计改革的实践对此作出了诠释 ,并提供了经验证据。     

政治关联视角的民营企业行业进入选择与绩效研究:基于2005-2010年民营上市企业的实证检验

近年来国家不断推出产业政策进行产业结构调整以引导民营经济的健康发展,而民营企业能否响应产业政策,并调整其行业选择是本文关注的重点问题。本文首次基于政治关联的视角,实证分析2005年颁布的产业政策对民营企业进入鼓励性行业的影响,进而深入探讨民营企业进入政府鼓励性行业的程度及进入后民营企业绩效的变化。结果表明,短期来看民营企业在政府鼓励性行业投资没有显著增加,但从长期来看民营企业的行业进入选择受政府产业政策影响较大,而选择进入政府鼓励性行业的民营企业绩效短期内劣于未进入鼓励性行业的民营企业;政治关联在民营企业行业选择中有较显著的负向影响;具有政治关联的民营企业普遍选择不进入鼓励性行业,其绩效也较好。本文的结论不仅在理论方面拓宽了市场进入、政治关联等研究领域,而且在实践方面为我国产业政策的实施效果提供了数据支持和决策依据。     

我国出口退税效应分析:理论与实证

本文通过引入实际有效汇率的概念 ,从理论上系统阐述出口退税对出口盈利性、继而对出口规模的作用;同时运用基于ECM模型的协整分析、PanelData分析等实证分析工具 ,研究了我国出口退税政策对出口的促进作用 ,并相应提出政策建议。     

大数据征信的信贷效用——基于中小微企业的理论与实证分析

中小微企业信贷融资难问题依然突出,信息不对称的根本原因突显。而大数据征信作为问题解决的关键所在,其整体建设有待加强。本研究以2013—2017年30个省级行政区为样本,从宏微观双视角出发,结合区域金融发展水平的外在调节作用以及企业软硬信息的内在影响,运用分层线性模型定量分析了大数据征信建设与中小微企业信贷能力之间的影响关系。研究表明,大数据征信建设能有效提升中小微企业信贷能力,且该效用随着时间推移有增强趋势,受企业软硬信息、区域金融发展水平等交互影响。研究认为强化大数据征信顶层设计,健全制度保障体系,拓展大数据征信应用场景,推进金融体系创新改革,进而充分发挥大数据征信效用,是全面提升中小微企业信贷能力的关键路径。     

股权结构与企业资本支出决策:理论与实证分析

以中国上市公司为样本,对股权结构与企业资本支出决策关系进行了理论与实证分析。结果表明,经理人员持股比例和流通A股比例与资本支出水平正相关;股权集中度,包括第一大股东持股比例和国有股比例与资本支出水平负相关;法人股比例与资本支出水平基本无关。此外,研究还发现,公司年龄与资本支出水平显著负相关;内部现金流和企业规模与资本支出水平显著正相关;经济周期因素和行业效应可能也是影响企业资本支出的重要因素。没有证据表明资产负债率和成长性是影响企业资本支出的重要因素。     

Assets of Foreignness: A Theoretical Integration and Agenda for Future Research

International business scholars are increasingly focusing on the unique advantages of being foreign, or assets of foreignness (AOFs). Although scholars have identified a broad range of AOFs, it is unclear why they exist. In this paper, we bring together extant yet disparate literature and integrate insights from the institution-based view, resource-based theory, and transaction cost economics to advance theory of the underlying sources and workings of AOFs. In doing so, we elucidate the conceptual underpinnings of AOFs as well as their relation to multinational enterprise (MNE) success, complementing scholarship regarding the liability of foreignness. Critically, we also distinguish AOFs from related concepts, such as ownership advantages, explaining how and why they differ conceptually. We put forth several testable propositions that stem from our synthesis of theory in this research stream, bolstering the conceptual foundations of the drivers, dynamics, and longevity of AOFs. Finally, we draw attention to under-researched aspects of AOFs, thereby propelling a theory-based agenda for future research on AOFs and, consequently, MNE success.     

E-Government Implementation: Theoretical Aspects and Empirical Evidence

Despite its increasing importance and beneficial outcomes, e-government still has not been fully implemented. Previous literature has scarcely been able to provide a holistic explanation for this research issue. In this study we identify drivers of and barriers to e-government implementation and empirically examine these aspects. This paper contributes to the e-government literature by presenting a comprehensive overview of drivers and barriers and providing empirical evidence thereof. Also, it represents a further step towards filling in the gap concerning our knowledge of the reasons for the lack of e-government implementation. Furthermore, we derive academic and managerial implications and provide suggestions for future research.     

拒绝职场边缘化:模型与检验

初入职场,大学生员工希望被组织接纳而不是被边缘化。本文试图建模表现在如同"政治舞台"的职场中员工努力避免被边缘化的过程。为达到以上研究目标,执行了两项研究:预研究在国务院11个部委机关的公务员群体中收集数据,开发了职场边缘化的测量工具;主研究对16家制造型企业中的343个员工、662个同事及343个直接领导的配对数据进行实证分析,发现员工工作绩效、公民行为以及与上司的私人关系(Guanxi)与职场边缘化之间呈负向关联。相对而言,在政治氛围淡漠的企业中,上司关系与职场边缘化之间的负向关联更强。     

基于资源观的企业IT能力理论及实证研究

本文研究目的是探讨企业IT能力的构成、测量及其提升问题.基于我国信息化实践背景,以企业资源观(Resource-based View)为理论依据,提出IT能力构成维度的概念模型,设计问卷及测量问题,并进行了数据收集以及信度、效度检验等实证研究对理论模型予以验证.最后,根据数据分析结果,为企业建立IT能力给出一系列的指导建议,从而有助于通过IT应用获取竞争优势.     

The Cultural Specificity of Management Constructs: An Empirical Examination

The management literature reports on numerous studies examining relationships among the variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and more recently organizational character, organizational citizenship behavior, and propensity for participative decision making. The present study empirically examines relationships among these constructs among Egyptian managers. Although general support was demonstrated for the previously validated scales, the evidence suggests that these constructs are culturally specific and must be redefined, especially in emerging countries. Further, findings support some, but not all of the conclusions typically reached in existing studies of Western managers. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Strategic Investment Decision Processes and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Examination

The central question that this paper aims to answer is whether there is a relationship between organizational performance and the characteristics of strategic investment decision (SID) processes. To do so, it adopts an empirically derived nine-dimensional framework for classifying SID processes and employs a set of objective and perceptual measures of performance. The empirical results stemming from the process-performance relationship, suggest that higher performance is strongly related to more rational decision-making processes (DMPs); more financial reporting activities; broader participation both in terms of departments and in terms of hierarchical levels. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term performance appears to be more strongly related to SID processes than short-term performance and the ‘structural’ characteristics of the DMPs (i.e. rationality, financial reporting) are mainly related to long-term objective performance, while such ‘behavioural’ characteristics of the DMPs, as problem-solving dissension, reveal some interesting associations with short-term performance. In light of these findings, implications for theory and future research are advanced     

风险度理论及其实证研究

在对已有风险管理方法分析与回顾的基础上,基于金融市场显著的非线性特征,本文提出了风险度向量方法这一完整的理论分析框架以对非线性风险进行有效监控。实证研究表明该方法能够科学地反映金融市场的波动性风险状况与非线性本质。     

Making Boards Effective: An Empirical Examination of Board Task Performance

Despite the increasing attention of management scholars to boards of directors, there is still scant evidence on the antecedents of board task performance. The lack of significant results seems to be due to some theoretical and methodological choices followed by scholars, i.e. the almost exclusive reliance on agency theory and the use of demographic data. Following the call for dismantling the fortresses dominating past studies, this paper contributes to opening the 'black box' of boards of directors, developing a conceptual model that considers the impact of board members' diversity, commitment and critical debate on board task effectiveness in performing its service and control tasks. We collected primary data through a questionnaire survey, and we tested the model controlling for board, firm and industry characteristics. Our findings suggest that (i) the predictors we identified, and particularly the board members' commitment, are far more important than board demographics to predict board task performance; (ii) firm and industry contexts exert a significant influence on board task performance; (iii) predictors have a different impact on specific sets of tasks. Thus, our findings support the idea that several board characteristics and contingencies at both industry and firm level must be acknowledged in board design.