氢燃料电池车

介绍氢燃料电池的工作原理、车用氢燃料电池有待解决的问题和氢燃料电池车的优点等。     

燃料电池车的开发与前景

介绍燃料电池车的工作原理、优缺点、我国开发燃料电池车的概况和美国有关人士对开发燃料电池车的一些看法等。     

国外是怎样开发氢燃料电池车的

介绍美国阿尔贡国家实验室开发氢燃料电池公共汽车、国外各汽车制造商开始试生产氢燃料电池车和技术发展促进了燃料电池车的进步等。     

世界公共交通简讯

<正> 加拿大 加拿大政府给予Ballard PowerSystems一项3000万美元的资助,用以研制燃料电池,供公共汽车和小汽车使用。这种燃料电池以氢和氧为能源。Ballard在1993年研制出93kW燃料电池,装于9.8m的轻载公共汽车上。1995年造出205kW的燃料电池,装于12m的重载公共汽车。Ballard与     

美国加州的燃料电池公共汽车试验计划

<正>燃料电池的工作原理,早在19世纪就已经有人提出,但作为驱动汽车的一种新技术,并引起全球诸多方面的广泛关注和投入大量资金进行研究、开发,还是最近几十年的事。过去40年中,在充分利用电子技术重大进步的基础上,通过不断改进,使车用燃料电池的体积变得愈来愈紧凑了,效率也提高了。燃料电池所取     

未来型概念车

介绍通用汽车公司AUTOnomy系列的未来型燃料电池、全轮驱动概念车的特征与长处:装在冰鞋形底盘上的燃料电池堆除了水外不排放其它废气,而燃料电池的重量可提高车辆的稳定性,冰鞋形底盘的采用允许任意更换车身尺寸。借电子控制系统可取消各种踏板与方向盘……。     

燃料电池公共汽车

介绍了燃料电池的种类、目前国外在公共汽车上的应用研究及发展前景。     

燃料电池人类未来的能源终极解决方案

燃料电池(Fuel Cell)其实并非电池,或许称为“燃料发电元”更为贴切,燃料电池组是一种直接将燃料通过电化学作用而产生燃烧反应并输出低电压直流电的组件所组成的装置。相对于其它化学电池来说,燃料电池其实是一种发电装置。燃料电池别于一般电池之处在于,它所参与电极反应的活性物质并不贮存在电池内部,而是全部由电池外部提供。它的出现彻底改变了电池不能连续工作的局限,只要不间断的输入反应物,它就可以不停地工作。燃料电池还具有直接汲取化学能的优势,主要的燃料以氢气为主,氢与氧透过电化学反应发生氧化作用并输出电能与热量,但热量远低于石油气的燃烧作用,有“冷燃烧”的说法。这种化学能转换为电动能的过程,节省了转换为机械能所须浪费的能量,展现出比内燃机顶多30%。甚至更高的能量转换效率。此外,它所产生的废热若再经回收利用,更可达到高达85%的总体能量利用率,可望成为最具经济效益的能源。     

本田公司的FCX-V4型氢燃料电池车

介绍日本本田汽车公司在氢燃料电池、加氢站方面的研究开发的一些新动态和进展,以及其新研制的FCX-V4氢燃料电池车。     

燃料电池公共汽车的发展动向

燃料电池在公共汽车上的应用，自20世纪80年代开始研究开发，经过不断改进，在少数城市进行载客的运行试验。进入21世纪又在欧洲进一步扩大试验范围.     

Social policy options and fuel poverty

The concept of ‘fuel poverty’, the inability to afford adequate warmth at home has become a focus for social policies in recent years. Increasing numbers of households dependent on social security and the likelihood that fuel will become more expensive mean that the existing problem of fuel poverty may become even greater. The data on fuel expenditure and related variables from three national surveys are used to evaluate various policy options for relieving fuel poverty. Three policies for increasing incomes to pay for fuel costs are considered, increasing benefits, introducing a fuel allowance or extending the existing scheme of additional heating requirements. The policies for reducing fuel expenditure are also considered, restructuring tariffs, changing payment methods and conservation measures. The case is made for priority to be given to an advice and information campaign and a conservation programme aimed at poor households who are unable to respond to existing price signals and grants.     

SHORT-RUN PRICING STRATEGIES TO INCREASE CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY

Since 1974 the average fuel economy of new cars has doubled from fourteen to twenty-eight miles per gallon. Shifts in sales to more fuel efficient models within a product line accounted for little of the improvement. This paper explores the use of pricing strategies to shift sales to achieve a legislated fuel economy target. A multinomial logit model is used to compute surcharges and rebates that leave consumer satisfaction unchanged yet increase the sales-weighted average fuel economy. The results suggest pricing strategies are efficient for small improvements in fuel economy, but are expensive for large improvements.     

燃气泄漏报警器的选择与应用

介绍了燃气报警器的工作原理及各种应用场合,探讨了燃气报警器的选择,指出除考虑灵敏度、稳定性、使用寿命、性价比等报警器本身性能以外,还应结合生产企业的资质、售后服务等多方面综合考虑,使用合适的燃气报警器。     

HOUSING MARKET CAPITALIZATION OF ENERGY-SAVING DURABLE GOOD INVESTMENTS

Energy conservation in the residential sector depends, in large measure, upon the willingness of builders and homeowners to invest in the durable goods which result in an energy efficient house. Since these durable goods generally become attached permanently to the dwelling unit and since ownership of the unit is likely to change within the expected lifetime of the installed equipment, the incentive to invest in conservation measures depends upon the efficiency of the housing market in capitalizing the financial benefits of future fuel savings. This paper examines housing market efficiency in this regard by first estimating an hedonic price index with the annual fuel bill included as an explicit attribute of the structure. Then, from the estimated hedonic price of a one-dollar reduction in annual fuel costs and assumed fuel price escalation rates and remaining lifetimes of the equipment, implicit housing market discount rates are calculated. The relatively low estimated discount rates indicate that the housing market performs efficiently in capitalizing future fuel savings.     

对燃气行业市场化改革的思考

在分析哈尔滨市燃气行业现状的基础上,提出对其实行市场化改革的设想——实行特许经营制度,通过对燃气企业实行股份制改造,提高运营管理效率,扩大投资渠道,从而达到经济效益与社会效益相统一的目的。     

民用燃气发展的瓶颈与突破之思考

从上海市南地区民用燃气应用现状出发，分析目前发展中存在的问题，并以小型燃气空调、燃气壁挂炉、燃气干衣机等燃气新设备为例，探讨民用燃气市场的发展空间，指出应该积极推广新型民用燃气设备并在燃气设计中予以配套，以提高单户居民的用气量。     

“Heating Is More Important Than Food”

Abstract

Fuel poverty is estimated to affect millions of people in the UK, and older people are especially vulnerable. Most research into fuel poverty has drawn upon quantitative paradigms. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the perceptions and experiences of older women in relation to fuel issues. Ten qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken during the winter of 2005. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A phenomenological approach was used for analysis. Four main themes emerged: causes of fuel poverty; managing money; heating is a priority;and government initiatives. The results from this study show that fuel poverty is an important health and financial concern for older women.     

提高燃气地下输配管网控制力的几点思考

该文从强化工程质量、做好燃气工程档案管理、提高日常管理成效、提升管理技术水平等方面提出提高燃气地下输配管网控制力的几点思考。