微型企业经营绩效提升策略的思考——基于利益相关者的视角

微型企业在政府的大力支持下发展迅速,但是成长过程仍十分艰难,提高经营绩效对微型企业的意义重大。从利益相关者理论出发,分析利益相关者对微型企业绩效提升的重要作用,微型企业主树立利益相关者价值导向观念、满足核心利益相关者需求、鼓励员工参与企业建设、加强利益相关者的权益保护、积极履行社会责任能有效提高微型企业的经营绩效。     

创业自我效能感、外部环境支持与初创科技企业绩效的关系——基于孵化器在孵企业的实证研究

初创科技企业的特点决定了创业者个人因素和创业环境是影响其绩效的关键因素.本研究以社会认知理论为基础,依托企业孵化器获取数据,从创业者角度对创业自我效能感、外部环境支持与初创科技企业绩效之间的关系进行了系统考察和实证分析,发现创业自我效能感对初创科技企业绩效产生直接的积极影响;外部环境支持从总体上对初创科技企业绩效也会产生积极影响,但其直接影响并不显著,该影响主要通过创业自我效能感间接施加;创业自我效能感对初创科技企业绩效的影响作用较为独立,外部环境支持对该影响的调节效应并不显著.     

基于财务绩效视角的企业从事慈善活动研究

依据利益相关者理论和权变管理思想,深入考察企业捐赠行为对财务绩效的影响机制,并利用2007 ～ 2012年我国沪深两市A股上市公司的数据进行检验.研究表明,慈善捐赠通过改善利益相关者关系能够显著提升企业的财务绩效,由于企业在发展阶段和可见性方面的差异导致企业处理利益相关者关系的能力和机会不同,从而决定了企业从慈善捐赠中获益程度的大小,在成熟企业和高可见性企业中,慈善捐赠对财务绩效的正面影响更强.     

企业社会责任投入对制造企业组织韧性的影响研究

基于利益相关者理论,结合理论演绎、现象观察,以及对于企业高层管理人员的深度访谈,理论构建了企业社会责任投入对于组织韧性的正向影响模型,并通过追踪中国A股制造业上市公司在特定公共卫生事件发生后的业绩复苏表现,利用事件史分析方法,探索了企业社会责任投入对事件后企业业绩恢复概率的影响,且对所构建的理论模型进行了实证检验。研究结果发现：企业社会责任投入对公司会计绩效和市场绩效都具有积极作用,即企业的净利润和股价会恢复得更快,其中,对政府的责任投入和对社会的责任投入对净利润的恢复作用大于对股价的恢复作用。研究结果还揭示出,企业前期的社会责任投入会改善或加强利益相关者关系,且在关键时刻能够帮助企业渡过危机,最终提升组织韧性。     

IS实施后组织单元间的相互依赖对绩效产生影响研究

本文以组织信息处理理论为基础,探讨了组织单元间的相互依赖是如何对组织单元应用信息系统后的绩效产生影响的。本文通过严密的逻辑分析,归纳出本研究的理论模型。本文提出组织单元在成功实施信息化后,组织单元间的相互依赖不会直接对绩效产生影响,而是通过对一些“中间利益”施加影响后再产生的。为验证本文提出的理论模型及假设,本研究通过发放问卷的方式从全国范围内选取了22家企业进行调查,共回收有效问卷581份。以调查数据作为数据分析的主要来源,本文采用单因素方差分析法检验了外部影响因素对组织单元间相互依赖和绩效的影响,采用结构方程(SEM)分析法检验了路径和假设,删除一些不显著的路径、否定一些错误的假设后得出本文的最终模型,验证和补充了前人的理论,并得出一些新的结论和发现。     

企业捐赠对创新的影响——基于我国制造业上市公司的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

企业的慈善行为可以给企业带来收益。本文把企业的慈善行为和企业创新绩效联系起来,并研究企业盈利能力和冗余资源对上述关系的影响。基于利益相关者理论和资源依赖理论提出了研究假设,运用在上海证券交易所上市的381家企业2010年到2014年五年的数据对相关假设进行了实证检验。研究结果表明企业的慈善捐赠数额与企业的创新产出绩效之间存在着显著的正相关关系;当企业的盈利能力比较强或者企业拥有更多的冗余资源时,企业的捐赠行为对企业的创新产出的促进作用更强。     

基于SVN的重大工程组织安全行为价值网络及驱动路径研究

重大基础设施工程(以下简称重大工程)的实施涉及多方组织，组织之间形成复杂的利益相关者关系，合作效率及组织安全行为的有效性对重大工程安全管理绩效具有重要影响。本文基于价值理论、利益相关者理论和利益相关者价值网络(Stakeholder Value Network，SVN)分析方法，研究重大工程组织安全行为(Organizational Safety Behavior in Megaproject，MOSB)在利益相关者之间的价值交换和传递情况，构建了包含三类组织安全行为、八类利益相关者和61条价值流的MOSB-SVN模型。研究表明，MOSB-SVN模型能够通过识别关键利益相关者、关键行为和高分价值路径，得出各利益相关者的价值获取能力以及三类组织安全行为的执行效果。依据模型分析结果提出价值提升建议，为提高重大工程安全绩效提供新的思路。     

利益相关者影响企业财务绩效的理论分析与实证研究

本文从利益相关者视角出发,综合价值链理论、契约理论和期望理论,分析了利益相关者影响企业财务绩效的机理,指出利益相关者满足是影响企业财务绩效的关键因素,并在理论上分析了实现企业财务绩效最大化的条件.在此基础上,采用面板数据模型对中国上市公司数据进行了实证分析.研究表明:利益相关者满足与企业财务绩效之间存在着显著的相关性,β值的分析显示中国上市公司对不同利益相关者的满足水平并不合理,公司可按照β值对不同利益相关者的投入产出效率进行调整,从而提升其财务绩效.     

企业愿景与使命陈述对企业绩效的影响

企业愿景按照内容可以划分为竞争导向、行为导向和利益相关者导向,三者分别通过影响企业资源配置、员工行为以及利益相关者管理,从而影响企业绩效。在总结归纳相关文献的基础上,提出了一个企业愿景内容与中介路径匹配,从而作用于企业绩效的研究框架模型。     

知识管理战略、组织能力与绩效的关系实证研究

本文在文献研究的基础上归纳出描述和测量知识管理战略的六个主要维度:外部导向、内部导向、显性导向、隐性导向、探索导向和利用导向.基于397家中国企业的问卷调查所得数据,本文检验了知识管理战略、组织能力和企业绩效三者的关系,发现知识管理战略能显著地提升组织能力,而组织能力对企业绩效有显著的促进作用,组织能力在知识管理战略与企业绩效的关系中起完全中介作用.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.