青年农民工融入城市社区的理论与实践思考

促进青年农民工融入城市社区是中国城镇化发展的现实要求。青年农民工融入城市社区既需要有关社会融入的理论关照,也需要相关制度安排的有效践行。根据青年农民工群体的特性,以社区为载体满足青年农民工在城市生活的现实需求,有助于实现青年农民工深层次的社会融入。     

社会理论的空间转向

社会理论的空间转向是社会理论的当代进展的一个重要组成部分,它沿着两条路径展开：一方面,吉登斯、布迪厄等社会理论大师在现代性架构下检视空间与社会的交互关系对于研究社会结构与社会过程的重要性;另一方面,后现代社会理论家采用一系列的地理学概念和隐喻来探索日益复杂和分化的社会世界。本文旨在系统地呈现这一转向的基本脉络。     

青年农民工融入城市社区:经验与思考——以天津滨海新区“青年农民工融入社区”项目为例

青年农民工融入城市社区既是实现青年农民工城市社会融入的重要举措,也是不断完善当下青年农民工服务与管理的客观需求。天津滨海新区"青年农民工融入社区"项目在探索新形势下青年农民工融入城市社区的制度建设和路径选择上进行了有益尝试,为健全以社区为依托实现青年农民工深层次城市社会融入提供宝贵经验。     

青年农民工融入城市社区的理论与实践思考

促进青年农民工融入城市社区是中国城镇化发展的现实要求。青年农民工融人城市社区既需要有关社会融入的理论关照,也需要相关制度安排的有效践行。根据青年农民工群体的特性,以社区为载体满足青年农民工在城市生活的现实需求,有助于实现青年农民工深层次的社会融入。     

现代性过程中“个人”的创生与集体化——行走在自我创新前夜的“个人”

早期现代性和工业化确定了社会集合性的大型集体化和组织化的表现方式,创生了集体化社会及其个人。对独一无二的现代生活的描述、构想和解释成为了这一时期新兴科学和社会科学的一项任务,社会学更是倾力表达了这段“大写的历史”,刻画了民族国家社会的一体化形貌,也反映了社会系统及其结构的刚性状态对个人活力的禁锢、封冻。在全球化的今天,我们时代的现代性正越过滞涩和趔趄的阶段,变得自由、液化、轻盈,日益趋向更加流畅的形态;“个人”正行走在自我创新的前夜,以新的面貌走向我们、走进社会学。对“个人”与“社会”重新进行“大尺度”的社会学观察和思考,能够发掘出蕴含其中的应对现实生活种种问题的新策略,发现当代社会与个人不断发展的弹性、柔韧、包容和耦合能力,把握使我们的世界从差异走向认同、由分歧达成共识,以及跨越矛盾、实现和谐的现实依据。     

迈向“虚无之物”的日常生活消费实践——一个消费者的视野

依据对日常消费实践的经验和观察,作者从消费者的视角论证：在全球化进程中,中国社会生活中的消费实践正在快速地奔向“虚无之物”---没有内涵,没有特色,没有个性,由某个中心建构和控制的、比较而言缺乏特定内容的社会形式。“虚无之物”是瑞泽尔（<')=(7）建构的一个理想类型概念,在使用这个框架之前,本文根据相关理论传统和中国经验稍加修改。中国社会消费实践>" 年来的剧变被阐释为消费革命、第二次解放和人们的选择自由。不过,作者认为,变革的社会后果可能是灾难性的,中国不仅会丧失曾经拥有的独特文化和传统,而且生活的意义和情趣正在遭到侵蚀和损害。     

城乡居民主观生活质量比较研究初探

本研究在山东省范围内取样（N=1224）,对中国城市居民主观幸福感量表运用于城乡居民的测量学特性进行了检验。结果表明,该量表适用于城乡居民。运用该量表对城乡居民主观生活质量的初步比较研究表明,从总体上看,农村居民的主观生活质量低于城市居民。这种差距反映了我国城乡经济社会发展中客观存在的差距。经济转轨和社会转型对农村社会的观念与心理冲击要远远大于城市社会,因此农村居民的主观生活质量对于整个社会的稳定与发展具有不可忽略的影响,应当引起高度的关注。     

扩展中国社会学新境界

费孝通晚年多次倡导,中国社会学要突破实证社会学的单纯科学主义视野,应当科学精神和人文精神并举,在对社会生活开展客观性研究的同时伸张人文关怀。根据这个原则,费孝通主张社会学应当注重对精神世界开展研究,重视文化传统、意会沟通和内在自我等方面在社会生活中的深层作用,要在各民族的古代文明中发现具有不同特点的思维方式和对社会生活的研究方式。费孝通的这些主张具有十分重要的学术价值,为中国社会学开拓新视野、展开新境界指明了前进的方向。     

现代社会的漂浮：无根的现代性及其呈现

现代社会作为一个漂浮的形态,其基本特性的现代性就表现为社会无根特性。现代社会的拔根状态所呈现的失根景况在日常生活中特别是在高度现代性的城市生活中有多种样态的层叠。社会扎根方案和社会寻根行动内涵了现代社会的可能。这表明了知识行动论的出场路径的打通。     

城市居民个人背景与职业适应性研究——以杭州市为例.

本文利用问卷调查所得资料,定量描述了现阶段城市居民的职业综合适应水平的基本情况,并运用高级统计方法探讨了与城市居民职业适应水平相关的因素。研究发现,城市居民的职业综合适应水平较高。与城市居民职业适应水平密切相关的因素主要有本人的政治面貌、勤奋与否、职称水平（中级、高级）、母亲一般职务以及社会网络规模。通过上述的分析与讨论,笔者初步构建了一个关于城市居民职业适应性的分析图,试图阐释了城市居民阶层背景因素、竞争能力因素、社会支持网因素对其职业适应水平的影响关系。笔者认为,相对而言,城市居民的竞争能力对其职业适应性的影响更强一些。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Microinsurance: A short history

Twenty years ago, the International Social Security Review published an article that introduced a new term to the vocabulary of development and social protection: Microinsurance. Now, twenty years later, it is suitable to take stock of the contribution of microinsurance towards promoting coverage and social security. The article reviews the main insights gained from 20 years of implementation, including a clear expression of the value proposition of health microinsurance, understanding the demand for microinsurance, the business process for successful implementation, and conditions that must be satisfied for scaling and sustainable operations. It also explains the context that led to a considerable divergence in the microinsurance space. The article offers a discussion of unresolved issues and thoughts about the future of microinsurance. The conclusion of this article is that microinsurance can flourish when the necessary four pillars for its implementation exist, namely mainstreaming through political support, enhanced insurance literacy of the customers, technical assistance to self‐administer the schemes, and availability of seed capital. The sufficient additional condition is that customers perceive microinsurance as offering welfare gains that cannot be obtained by other means.     

Culture,Place of Origin,and Service Delivery for Latino Older Adult Immigrants: The Case of Puerto Rican Older Adults

ABSTRACT

A conceptual model for the design and implementation of effective social services for Latino older adult immigrants in the United States is proposed in this article. Built on the stage-of-migration framework (Drachman, 1992 Drachman, D. 1992. A stage-of-migration framework for service to immigrant populations. Social Work, 37: 68–72. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the model presented shows how the premigration service experience of Latino older adults can be used as a basis for service design and implementation in the country of immigration. The case of Puerto Rican older adult immigrants is used to illustrate how the model can be applied to understand present service utilization and develop future programs that are useful and culturally sensitive for Latino older adult immigrants.     

Identifying Themes Regarding the Benefits and Limitations of Caregiver Support Group Conversations

Support groups continue to be one of the most needed and desired forms of help for family caregivers to persons with dementia. Though the effects of caregiver support group participation have been examined, the benefits and limitations of the dynamics of support group conversations have been neglected. This study focuses on the perceived consequences of group dynamics. Three themes—balance, sameness, and individuality—emerged through analysis of open-ended interviews with support group members following observations of their meetings. The consequences of these themes are illustrated with a case study and the implications of these themes for practitioners are discussed.     

Sonic Armatures

ABSTRACT

This article traces the construction of an acoustic regime in Renaissance Florence that was based on the casting, placement, and ringing of civic bells. In confronting the formidable but mute power of the defensive towers that dominated the city's skyline in the late middle ages, successive republican governments regulated these private towers with legislative restrictions while transforming them into a speaking architecture. The new civic bell towers played a crucial, if hitherto neglected role in the struggle to create the Florentine republic, which was the political ground upon which the cultural phenomenon of the Renaissance was founded. In contrast to the more antagonistic urbanistic policies that Florentine governments used to combat their enemies, however, the ringing of civic bells exploited the unifying power of religious bells—a power embedded in their role in uniting people into spiritual communities—to integrate its ideals, laws, and institutions into the soundscape of the city. As a result, the sonic armature created by these bells can be read as an evolving attempt to bind the social body to its architectural environment and to create a universal civic society that transcended more localized loyalties and whose existence guaranteed the legitimacy of its ruling bodies.     

时间与海德格尔的“时间性”

本文不是试图对海德格尔进行解释 ,而是试图从文本本身的角度质疑《存在与时间》中概念的矛盾性。《存在与时间》建立了一种新的 ,关于时间始源性问题的学说。时间的始源 ,被海德格尔称为“时间性”。时间性在此在分析中有中心地位 ,对时间作出了新的解释。然而时间性本身却是一个矛盾概念。时间性源于死的本真性 ;死所以是最本真的 ,因为死是必须此在自己去承担的存在可能性。如果以是否自己去承担为标准 ,那么此在能承担的存在可能性并不只有死。所以死不可能是最本真的。因而 ,时间性也不可能是始源性的时间学说。文章通过对时间性的分析指出 ,时间性学说是建立在对于时间的一般理解之上的。