A first look at the 21st Century: Census 2000

This paper examines the initial results from Census 2000. It focuses onpopulation growth and distribution, and the five populationcharacteristics from the 100-percent data: age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, and householdrelationship. It explores emerging trends within an historical and global context.     

Coverage of the population in Census 2000: Results from Demographic Analysis

Since the 1960 Census, Demographic Analysis (DA) has been used by the Census Bureau to evaluate the coverage of the population. Administrative statistics on births, deaths, immigration and Medicare enrollments as well as estimates of legal emigration and net undocumented immigration are used to produce demographic analysis estimates of the population for the census date. These estimates are compared to the Census 2000 data to evaluate coverage in the census. The results are also compared to measures of undercount obtained from dual system estimation. The DA measures substantial reduction in net undercount in Census 2000 compared to 1990. The reductions occur among all demographic categories: all broad age groups, males and females, Blacks and Non-Blacks.     

An evaluation of bridging methods using race data from Census 2000

The question on race from Census 2000 was different from previous censuses because it allowed respondents to select one or more races to indicate their racial identities. Because of this change, the race data from Census 2000 are not directly comparable with data from earlier censuses. Researchers can use `bridging' methods to assign more than one race respondents to single race categories to maximize the comparability of Census 2000 race data with earlier censuses. This paper uses several bridging methods to generate race population estimates and analyzes the variability in those estimates across six single race groups.     

美国2000年人口普查结果初析

美国２０００年人口普查初步结果已于２０００年１２月底公布。从公布的初步结果看到，美国人口在９０年代出现了很多变化，这些变化也多是历史演变趋势的继续。根据美国人口统计局从去年底至今年４月初陆续公布的数据和报告，可以分析出９０年代美国人口的最新变化。     

Ethnic Classification in Global Perspective: A Cross-National Survey of the 2000 Census Round

Academic interest in official systems of racial and ethnic classification has grown in recent years, but most research on such census categories has been limited to small case studies or regional surveys. In contrast, this article analyzes a uniquely global data set compiled by the United Nations Statistical Division to survey the approaches to ethnic enumeration taken in 141 countries. The motives for this analysis combine theoretical, applied, and policy objectives. I find that 63% of the national censuses studied incorporate some form of ethnic enumeration, but their question and answer formats vary along several dimensions that betray diverse conceptualizations of ethnicity (for example, as “race” or “nationality”). Moreover, these formats follow notably regional patterns. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches can be grouped into a basic taxonomy of ethnic classification approaches, suggesting greater commonality in worldwide manifestations of the ethnicity concept than some have recognized.

美国2000年人口普查的准确性和数字评估调查

本文概要地叙述了美国2000年人口普查后所进行的准确性和数字评估调查(A.C.E.调查)。它包括:抽样设计、事后分层、双系统估计等等。     

Population growth in the 1990s: Patterns within the United States 1

Census 2000 counted 281.4 million people in the UnitedStates, up 13.2 percentfrom the 1990 Census population of 248.7 million and thehighest percent increasefor the nation since the 1960s. Population growth in the1990s was not only higherthan in recent decades, it was also more geographicallywidespread, with more states,counties, and cities experiencing population gains.This paper examines populationgrowth during the 1990s for a variety of geographiclevels, including regions, divisions,states, metropolitan areas, counties and large cities.It then compares growth rates forthe 1990s with earlier decades to provide a historicalcontext to present-day trends inpopulation growth and decline. Finally, it discusses howdifferential population growthin recent decades has resulted in a new form of populationdistribution in the US.     

人口普查工作新平台：人口地理信息系统

本文在回顾我国人口普查传统方法技术基础上 ,分析了新形势下国内外人口普查技术新进展 ,并指出人口地理信息系统的建设是我国人口普查新工作平台。本文探讨了人口地理信息系统基本功能和系统结构 ,并从五个方面详细分析人口地理信息系统如何辅助人口普查工作 :普查登记阶段 ,GIS技术可以辅助划分普查区域 ,绘制出普查地图和调查小区地图 ,提高速度和准确性 ,确保地域上的不重不漏 ;利用人口GIS ,可以充分发挥基本单位名录库在普查中的重要作用 ;利用人口GIS ,可以拓宽抽样调查和专项调查应用领域 ;利用调查小区空间不变性 ,可以统一普查资料空间基准 ,极大的拓宽普查资料应用范围 ;利用人口GIS ,可以加深人口普查数据的开发利用。未来十年内 ,将会有更多的区域建设各等级人口专题地理信息系统。     

香港人口普查数据开发使用模式对大陆的借鉴意义

人口普查是一次规模空前的国情国力大调查 ,投入了大量人力物力 ,取得了全面翔实的人口社会经济信息。如何开发利用这些得来不易的宝贵资料 ,牵扯到人口普查资料的管理、使用方式的界定、资料的开发模式以及相应的法律建设等一系列问题。香港在人口普查数据开发使用上的信息提供、法律建设、实际操作的规范性管理上积累了一定的经验 ,可供我们借鉴和学习。     

中国的返迁人口:基于五普数据的分析

本文利用我国2000年第五次人口普查的数据,估计返迁人口的规模并描述返迁人口的人口社会特征及其与现在的迁移人口与非迁移常住人口的差异,从个人因素、居住地类型以及家庭户特征三个方面分别讨论了返迁的决定因素。并讨论了本文的一些缺陷及今后的研究方向。     

Comparison of Census 2000 and American Community Survey 1999–2001 Estimates: San Francisco and Tulare Counties, California

Data from the United States 2000 decennial census long form sample is compared to the U.S. Census Bureau’s fledgling American Community Survey (ACS) that was designed to replace the census long form in 2010. This article concentrates on two California counties, San Francisco and Tulare, which were part of the demonstration phase of the ACS. These counties are described and an overall comparison of the demographic, social, economic, and housing variables is presented. The project data and measures of census and survey quality such as self-response rates and nonresponse rates are displayed and discussed. Differences in the census and survey results are noted in the context of statistically significant and meaningful differences. Finally, strategies for analyzing and using ACS data are suggested.     

中国双生子出生性别比研究

人口自然出生性别比是分析和评价人口出生性别比偏离的重要指标,中国对人口自然出生性别比的研究一直比较缺乏。人的出生性别比正常范围为102～107,国内一般都是以其上限作为标准判断人口出生性别比偏高的程度。但是这种做法是值得商榷的。利用第四次全国人口普查资料中的双生子信息探讨双生子出生性别比特征。研究表明,中国1989年双生子出生性别比为104.87,在女性主要生育年龄阶段生育的双生子出生性别比是相当稳定的,比较接近自然状态下的出生性别比。相比较而言,中国人口出生性别比不仅普遍偏高,而且随女性生育年龄变化的模式也不相同。     

First Impressions from the 2000 Census of China

The 2000 census of China has several notable innovations, including a sample long form containing detailed items on migration, housing, and employment. Preliminary data indicate rapid urbanization and continued rapid social change in the 1990s, and apparent success in the government's drive to curtail population growth. Although a post‐enumeration survey indicates that overall data quality is good, the rise of a mobile “floating population” and pressures of the birth planning program caused problems for the enumeration of migrants and infants. Data released to date have been silent on two important issues, fertility and rising sex ratios.     

China's Floating Population: New Evidence from the 2000 Census

This article uses tabulations from the 2000 Population Census of China along with a micro‐level data sample from the census to provide a picture of China's floating population: migrants without local household registration (hukou), a status resulting in significant social and economic disadvantages. By 2000, the size of China's floating population had grown to nearly 79 million, if that category is defined as migrants who moved between provinces or counties and resided at their destinations for six months or more. Intra‐county floating migration is similarly large, contributing another 66 million to the size of the floating population. The article also discusses the geographic pattern of the floating population and the reasons for moving as reported by migrants. Policy implications are noted.     

What Data from the 2010 Census Tell Us about the Changing Child Population of the United States

This article provides an overview of changes in the U.S. child population (persons under age 18) based on data released from the 2010 census. Today, the number of children in the United States (74.2 million) is at an all-time high, but the share of the national population who are children (24 %) is at an all-time low. The number of children in the population grew by 1.9 million between 2000 and 2010, but the overall national figure masks many important details and divergent paths. The growing racial and ethnic diversity in the U.S. is more advanced among children than among adults. Some areas of the country and some demographic groups grew significantly over the decade, while the number of children in other areas and in other groups fell.     

事后调查的理论和它在人口普查修正中的应用

人口普查不可避免地存在误差,如遗漏、重复。为发挥普查的作用,对其结果修正是必要的。一般采用事后调查法修正。事后调查在人口普查结束后进行,主要目的是为修正提供基础数据。普查局利用这些数据,使用捕获再捕获模型,修正人口普查数。     

Estimating the cost of children and some results from urban United States

The testing of economic theories of fertility has been hampered by the absence of suitable data on the direct (versus opportunity) costs of children. This study hopes to help remedy this deficiency, first, by proposing a new method of estimating the magnitude of money expenditures parents make on their children. This method is then applied to the urban sample of the 1960–1961 U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey to estimate the total money expenditure costs of children to age eighteen. The distribution of these costs by income level, by birth order, by age of the child, and by components of cost (food, housing, clothing, and so on) is considered. The impact of the number and age of children on family living standards is also explored.     

Comments on ``Coverage of the Population in Census 2000: Results from Demographic Analysis' and ``Demographic comparison between self-response and personal visit interview in Census 2000', Population Research and Policy Review,Special Issue: Census 2000

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从第五次人口普查看世纪之交的广东人口状况

1990年以来 ,广东人口状况发生了深刻的变化。这些变化有的符合全国普遍规律 ,有的因受广东特殊社会经济环境的影响表现出不同特点。本文利用第五次人口普查最新数据 ,分析广东人口在数量、分布、素质和结构等方面的现状和特点