青少年媒体使用习惯与暴力行为倾向调查

多种媒体形式广泛拓展了青少年获取信息的渠道、丰富了他们休闲娱乐的方式,但媒体中所包含的暴力内容也广为传播,对青少年的身心健康产生了极为不利的影响。调查研究发现:总体上青少年进行休闲性阅读的时间相对较少,对于电视节目、电影和视频电子游戏三类媒体,青少年普遍存在低到中等程度的暴力偏好。男生媒体接触频次、接触时间、暴力偏好以及暴力媒体接触量普遍高于女生。青少年暴力媒体接触量与攻击行为呈正相关,接触时间、频率和暴力偏好与总体攻击倾向、躯体攻击呈正相关。为改善青少年的媒体使用习惯,提出了重视阅读的作用、采用技术手段对含有暴力内容的媒体节目进行规范,青少年需要不断丰富学习和娱乐方式等对策和建议。     

思想政治教育视角下的青少年校园暴力研究

近年来,校园暴力现象屡见不鲜,特别是在互联网媒体的关注之下,青少年校园暴力现象逐渐成为人们普遍关注的社会热点问题。这种暴力现象会给处于成长过程中的青少年带来严重的身体和心理健康问题。随着校园暴力行为的逐步升级,其社会危害性也逐步加深。在此背景下,本文从思想政治教育角度来分析青少年校园暴力现象,探究防范青少年校园暴力的有效途径,以营造良好的校园环境,促进青少年健康发展。     

我国青少年网络素养提高的对策研究

提高我国青少年网络素养的必要性青少年是我国未来社会主义建设的主力,网络在未来社会中对人们的工作和生活将会起到越来越大的作用。因此,尽快提高我国青少年网络素养是非常有必要的。青少年健康成长的需要由于网络素养的缺乏和心理素质的不成熟,青少年很容易迷恋上网络游戏、网络聊天,甚至痴迷于浏览网络中的黄色、暴力信息。这不仅对他们的心理造成严重的伤害,而且长期无节制的上网也不利于他们的生理发育。网络的特殊性使得青少年形成了在现实社会和虚拟社会不完全一样的双重人格,如果得不到及时的关注,他们很容易把现实虚拟世界当作现…     

遏制暴力文化营造文明环境

暴力文化对正处于社会化过程中的青少年来说是一种严重的毒害.班杜拉的观察学习理论正确解释了暴力文化对青少年产生不良影响的心理机制.社会各阶层都必须切实认识到暴力文化的严重危害,积极行动起来,遏制暴力文化,为青少年的健康成长营造一个文明的成长环境.     

网络暴力游戏对青少年的“涵化”影响——对上海市中学生的调查

网络游戏已经成为青少年最喜爱的娱乐方式之一,而网络暴力游戏的泛滥,对尚处于青春期的青少年的健康成长产生了不利影响.本文以涵化理论为主要理论假设,以上海市青少年为研究对象,考察了网络暴力游戏对当代青少年的影响,结果发现偏好网络暴力游戏与青少年的暴力赞成程度显著相关,而与其人际信任感无相关性.     

青少年暴力犯罪受害机会影响因素的研究

本文从作为暴力犯罪受害者的青少年的角度出发,运用问卷调查的方法,分析了青少年暴力犯罪受害机会的影响因素。研究发现,遭受暴力侵犯的青少年大多来自社会底层,他们的教育水平与家庭经济收入较低;青少年遭受暴力侵犯的机会与其生活方式紧密相关,特定的生活方式增大了他们受害的可能性;良好的社会治安水平会显著降低青少年受害的概率,吓阻有动机的侵犯者将其侵犯动机付诸实践。     

网络暴力游戏涵化青少年的传播学解析

网络游戏已经成为青少年最喜爱的娱乐方式之一,而网络暴力游戏的盛行,对尚处于青春期的青少年的成长和发展有着不容忽视的影响。研究表明,随着接触网络暴力游戏时间的增长,青少年对暴力行为的赞成度会有所提高,也更易产生暴力情绪,同时考察了网络暴力游戏对青少年的涵化效应,即曲解暴力符号、宣泄权力欲望,以便得到心理上的满足和认同。同时分析了网络暴力游戏的盛行原因、传播现状和发展趋势,解析了网络暴力游戏涵化青少年的传播理论基础。     

韩国青少年校园暴力情况及相关政策

近年来,韩国校园暴力问题凸显,在家庭、学校及社会诸多方面因素的影响下,校园暴力事件呈现出逐年上升的趋势,对青少年身心健康及社会和谐发展造成了极其恶劣的影响。目前,韩国校园暴力的产生呈现出受害青少年心理创伤问题严重、小学高年级校园暴力的发生率极高及校园暴力类型多样化三大特点。为了预防及根治校园暴力,韩国历届政府相继制订并颁布了专项法律条例及各类应对举措。2014年,朴槿惠政府宣布实施"以学校现场为中心"校园暴力应对政策,主要内容包括在校园内开展丰富多样的校园暴力预防活动,根据暴力类型、发生地域以及学生年级的不同而推行有针对性的应对策略等。     

虚拟群居现象探析

自腾讯公司推出QQ群功能以来,虚拟群居生活在广大青少年中越来越受欢迎,已经成为他们文化生活中不可或缺的重要组成部分。虚拟群居虽然给青少年带来了人际交往的满足、情感宣泄的快意和现实生活的方便等诸多好处,但也不可避免地给他们造成某些不利影响。因此,加强对这一现象的研究,引导青少年利用好这一软件的功能显得尤为必要。     

大众传媒对青少年社会化的负面影响及改进对策

大众传媒暴露出越来越多的问题,如对性题材的滥用,对暴力的崇拜,对超自然力量的渲染,对美的另类化等,这些问题对青少年产生诸多负面影响.因此,传媒应当有更多的自律和改进,包括加强政府的示范和导向,提升媒体形象的定位,提高创作者的素养等.     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.